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Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, Houbraken J, Lombardi L, Garcia-Rubio R, Jenks J, Rivero-Menendez O, Aljohani R, Jacobsen I, Berman J, Osherov N, Hedayati M, Ilkit M, Armstrong-James D, Gabaldón T, Meletiadis J, Kostrzewa M, Pan W, Lass-Flörl C, Perlin D, Hoenigl M. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis: From basics to clinics. Stud Mycol 2021; 100:100115. [PMID: 34035866 PMCID: PMC8131930 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and a notable mortality in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed to treat aspergillosis. The global emergence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates in clinic and environment, however, notoriously limits the therapeutic options of mould-active antifungals and potentially can be attributed to a mortality rate reaching up to 100 %. Although specific mutations in CYP 51A are the main cause of azole resistance, there is a new wave of azole-resistant isolates with wild-type CYP 51A genotype challenging the efficacy of the current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications of whole-genome sequencing are increasingly gaining popularity to overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well as liver and kidney toxicity posed by amphotericin B, necessitate a continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs to combat emerging azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. Animal models and the tools used for genetic engineering require further refinement to facilitate a better understanding about the resistance mechanisms, virulence, and immune reactions orchestrated against A. fumigatus. This review paper comprehensively discusses the current clinical challenges caused by A. fumigatus and provides insights on how to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arastehfar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - A. Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L. Lombardi
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R. Garcia-Rubio
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - J.D. Jenks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- Clinical and Translational Fungal-Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - O. Rivero-Menendez
- Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28222, Spain
| | - R. Aljohani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I.D. Jacobsen
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - J. Berman
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - N. Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - M.T. Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center/Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M. Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - T. Gabaldón
- Life Sciences Programme, Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Jordi Girona, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - W. Pan
- Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - C. Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D.S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - M. Hoenigl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Sadeghi-Ghadi Z, Vaezi A, Ahangarkani F, Ilkit M, Ebrahimnejad P, Badali H. Potent in vitro activity of curcumin and quercetin co-encapsulated in nanovesicles without hyaluronan against Aspergillus and Candida isolates. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:101014. [PMID: 32800427 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of resistance to classical antifungals has increased the interest in novel antifungal compounds. Curcumin and quercetin are two natural plant-derived bioactive molecules shown to promote wound healing in injured tissues. In this study, we investigated the in vitro susceptibility of several Aspergillus and Candida isolates to curcumin and quercetin encapsulated in nanovesicles with and without hyaluronan and elucidated the efficacy of these nanovesicles as topical drug delivery systems. Antifungal susceptibility testing performed according to the CLSI guidelines indicated that curcumin-quercetin co-encapsulated in nanovesicles without hyaluronan (CUR-QUE-NV-WH) had stronger activity against Candida isolates than fluconazole. Furthermore, CUR-QUE-NV-WH showed efficacy against fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates as evidenced by MICs at least two times lower than those of fluconazole. Examination of skin permeation profiles using an in vitro Franz diffusion cell system revealed that curcumin and quercetin delivered by nanovesicles were released and accumulated in the skin; however, only quercetin could penetrate through the skin layers. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CUR-QUE-NV-WH has potent antifungal activity against Candida isolates and might be a topical treatment, which warrants its further investigation as a novel antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sadeghi-Ghadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - A Vaezi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - F Ahangarkani
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - P Ebrahimnejad
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, hemoglobinopathy institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - H Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA.
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Abdollahi A, Shokohi T, Amirrajab N, Poormosa R, Kasiri AM, Motahari SJ, Ghoreyshi SM, Madani SA, Nikkhah M, Ghasemi M, Vahedi Larijani L, Didehdar M, Seifi Z, Gholinejad N, Ilkit M. Clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis- A retrospective analysis. Curr Med Mycol 2016; 2:15-23. [PMID: 28959791 PMCID: PMC5611692 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.2.4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare disease with acute and fulminant manifestation. This infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Herein, we reviewed the manifestations, underlying conditions, medical treatments, and surgical interventions in ROCM patients admitted to a tertiary referral center in northern Iran over a seven-year period. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective analysis, 15 cases of ROCM were identified from 2007 to 2013 in Bu Ali Sina Hospital, Sari, Iran. All the ROCM cases were clinically diagnosed and confirmed by histopathological and/or mycological examination. The relevant demographic data, clinical, ophthalmic, and neurologic manifestations, underlying conditions, medical treatments, and surgical interventions were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54±11 years (age range: 28–70 years); 26.7% of the patients were male and 73.3% female (male: female ratio of 1: 2.7). Uncontrolled diabetes was noted in at least 86.7% (13/15) of the cases. The maxillary sinuses were the most frequently involved sites (66.7% of the cases) followed by the ethmoid sinus. Amphotericin B in combination with surgical debridement was used in the treatment of 80% of the cases. Furthermore, 73.3% of the patients who were diagnosed early and underwent medical and extensive surgical debridement of the infected tissues survived. Conclusion: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is considered to be the main predisposing factor for ROCM. To prevent and reduce mortality rate of this acute disease, early diagnosis based on clinical findings and biopsy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - T Shokohi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - N Amirrajab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine/Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - R Poormosa
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - A M Kasiri
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - S J Motahari
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - S M Ghoreyshi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - S A Madani
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Nikkhah
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Ghasemi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - L Vahedi Larijani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Didehdar
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Z Seifi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - N Gholinejad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
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Mousavi B, Hedayati MT, Hedayati N, Ilkit M, Syedmousavi S. Aspergillus species in indoor environments and their possible occupational and public health hazards. Curr Med Mycol 2016; 2:36-42. [PMID: 28681011 PMCID: PMC5490296 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.2.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Aspergillus, which consists of a few hundred opportunistic mold species found in various climatic conditions, causes diseases including localized infections, fatal diseases, allergic responses, and inhaled conidia in humans. Herein, we present an overview of the most common diseases and allergic infections caused by Aspergillus species and their associated health hazards in various indoor environments worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mousavi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M T Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - N Hedayati
- Ramsar International Branch, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - S Syedmousavi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious, Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States of America.,Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Deng S, de Hoog GS, Verweij PE, Zoll J, Ilkit M, Morsali F, Abliz P, Wang X, Zhan P, Yang L, Hasimu H, Liao W, Pan W, Seyedmousavi S. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton violaceum isolated from tinea capitis patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:1072-5. [PMID: 25492394 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trichophyton violaceum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte that is endemic to parts of Africa and Asia and is sporadic in Europe. T. violaceum mainly causes tinea capitis in both children and adolescents. Although the infections caused by T. violaceum are of considerable medical importance, its antifungal susceptibility profile remains poorly examined. METHODS In this study, we tested the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of a set of clinical T. violaceum isolates obtained from tinea capitis patients, using the CLSI broth microdilution method. We tested eight antifungals and used isolates collected from Western China (21), Eastern China (12), the Middle East (1), Europe (20), South Africa (7) and Canada (1). RESULTS The geometric means of the MICs of the antifungals for all isolates were as follows (in increasing order): posaconazole, 0.021 mg/L; terbinafine, 0.023 mg/L; voriconazole, 0.062 mg/L; amphotericin B, 0.20 mg/L; itraconazole, 0.34 mg/L; caspofungin, 0.56 mg/L; fluconazole, 4.23 mg/L; and flucytosine, 8.46 mg/L. No statistically significant differences in the susceptibility profiles of T. violaceum were detected within the geographical regions tested. CONCLUSIONS Posaconazole, terbinafine and voriconazole were shown to be the most potent antifungal agents against T. violaceum isolates obtained from tinea capitis patients worldwide. These results might help clinicians in developing appropriate therapies that have a high probability of successfully treating tinea capitis due to T. violaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G S de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing, China Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - P E Verweij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Zoll
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - F Morsali
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran
| | - P Abliz
- First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - X Wang
- First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - P Zhan
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L Yang
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H Hasimu
- First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - W Liao
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Seyedmousavi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Güzel AB, Küçükgöz-Güleç Ü, Aydin M, Gümral R, Kalkanci A, Ilkit M. Candidavaginitis during contraceptive use: The influence of methods, antifungal susceptibility and virulence patterns. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:850-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.834306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kalkanci A, Güzel AB, Jabban IIK, Aydin M, Ilkit M, Kuştimur S. Candidavaginitis in non-pregnant patients: A study of antifungal susceptibility testing and virulence factors. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:378-83. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.767323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Akbaba M, Ilkit M, Sutoluk Z, Ates A, Zorba H. Comparison of hairbrush, toothbrush and cotton swab methods for diagnosing asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:356-62. [PMID: 18269603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis may also present as a minimal infection, termed carrier state. Anthropophilic dermatophytes (i.e. Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton violaceum) have been generally associated with high rates of asymptomatic carriage. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the hairbrush, toothbrush and cotton swab methods for diagnosing scalp carriage as well as to determine the prevalence and related dermatophyte species for both asymptomatic and symptomatic tinea capitis in Adana Province, Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS A screening study was carried out between February 2006 and May 2006, covering three schools and a total of 1560 children with 857 (54.9%) boys and 703 (45.1%) girls, aged between 7 and 17 years (10.6 +/- 2.3 years). The diagnosis was made by using three of the methods mentioned above with inoculation onto Sabouraud glucose agar. RESULTS Symptomatic tinea capitis was not detected in the study; however, 21 (1.3%) asymptomatic carriers, with 9 (42.9%) boys and 12 (57.1%) girls, aged 7 to 13 years (9.7 +/- 1.9 years) were detected. The diagnosis was made via hairbrush in 13, via cotton swab in 4 and via toothbrush in 4. The mean age (P = 0.075) and gender differences were found to be statistically insignificant (P = 0.26). The most common isolated species was Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (90.4%) followed by Trichophyton audouinii (4.8%) and Microsporum gypseum (4.8%). Nine children had Arab origin (P = 0.005), and 12 had immigrated from the south-eastern region of Anatolia, Turkey. The screening of 32 households of 21 children with asymptomatic carriage enabled the researchers to detect the carrier state in three mothers and one sister, resulting in a total of four households (12.5%), with T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes isolated, by hairbrush method in three cases and cotton swab in one case. If the methods were to be used alone, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage would be found as 1.0% (16 of 1592) in the hairbrush, 0.3% (4 of 1592) in the toothbrush and 0.3% (5 of 1592) in the cotton swab methods; whereas the combined use of these three methods could reveal a total prevalence of 1.6% (25 of 1592). The hairbrush method was significantly found to be more effective in detecting dermatophyte fungi than the toothbrush (P < 0.01) and the cotton swab methods (P < 0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference between the use of a single method and the combination of all other three methods (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In summary, it was found that the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage did not cover symptomatic tinea capitis prevalence (1.6% vs. 0%), and the dominant species was zoophilic T. mentagrophytes (92%, 23 of 25). Asymptomatic carriage was not found to be related to age, gender and the coexistence of other dermatophytoses; however, race (Arab origin) was found to be the only risk factor. For laboratory diagnosis, no method was found to be nominated as a gold standard; hence, a combined use of diagnosing methods was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akbaba
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
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Urünsak M, Ilkit M, Evrüke C, Urünsak I. Clinical and mycological efficacy of single-day oral treatment with itraconazole (400 mg) in acute vulvovaginal candidosis. Klinische und mykologische Wirksamkeit der Eintages-Oralbehandlung mit Itraconazol (400 mg) bei akuter Vulvovaginal-candidose. Mycoses 2004; 47:422-7. [PMID: 15504127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of single-day oral treatment with itraconazole in acute vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC). Vaginitis was demonstrated by both detection of yeast cells and pseudohyphae formation on microscopic examination of vaginal discharge and mycological culture as well as by the clinical signs and symptoms. Clinical and mycological examinations of the 52 patients were performed before, 1 week (short-term) and 4 weeks (long-term) after single-day oral treatment with itraconazole 200 mg b.i.d. The causative yeast fungi were: Candida albicans (76.9%), C. glabrata (9.6%), C. kefyr (9.6%) and C. krusei (3.9%), respectively. In short- and long-term examinations, clinical cure rates were found to be 61.5% and 90.4%, and mycological cure rates were 63.5% and 90.4%, respectively. Itraconazole was found to be 95.0% effective with C. albicans and 75.0% with other Candida species. It is concluded that treatment of acute VVC with itraconazole is safe and effective in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Urünsak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Ergin C, Ilkit M, Kaftanoglu O. Detection of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies. Nachweis von Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in Stocken der Honigbiene (Apis mellifera). Mycoses 2004; 47:431-4. [PMID: 15504129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The plant flora has an important role in the ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans. It is estimated that the environmental spreading and contamination of human beings with this yeast occurs via contaminated particles of plants. Cultivation of canopy parts of plants in selective media is the most widely used isolation method of this yeast. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii was isolated from honeybee colonies in Eucalyptus forests but was not isolated from the places where this flora did not exist. Our results indicate that the occurrence of C. neoformans in honeybee colonies during the flowering season of Eucalyptus spp. trees can be an important bioindicator for environmental yeast presence. The screening of honeybee colonies is a practical and a rapid method for the monitoring of the C. neoformans presence in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ergin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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Abstract
This study was carried out in a textile factory settled in the city center of Adana, Turkey. The workers were evaluated for the presence of superficial mycoses and the interaction of their working environment or working condition. A total of 431 textile workers were included in the study, with a male to female ratio of 378 (87.7%) to 53 (12.3%) and an age range of 19-52 (mean: 33.7 +/- 6.8). Direct examination and/or culture revealed superficial mycoses in 73 (16.9%) workers, among them 56 (76.7%) were classified as dermatophytoses, 8 (11.0%) as Pityriasis versicolor while in nine (12.3%) of the cases, no causative agent could be determined. Trichophyton rubrum (57.1%) and T. mentagrophytes (42.9%) were the two species isolated on culture. This study emphasized that textile workers should be admitted as a risk group for superficial mycoses, especially tinea pedis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Celik
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, TR-01330 Balcali, Adana, Turkey
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