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Li H, Kittur FS, Hung CY, Li PA, Ge X, Sane DC, Xie J. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Beneficial Effects of Low Glucose on Neuronal Cell Survival in an in vitro Ischemic Penumbral Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:272. [PMID: 33033473 PMCID: PMC7491318 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding proteomic changes in the ischemic penumbra are crucial to rescue those salvageable cells and reduce the damage of an ischemic stroke. Since the penumbra region is dynamic with heterogeneous cells/tissues, tissue sampling from animal models of stroke for the molecular study is a challenge. In this study, cultured hippocampal HT22 cells under hypoxia treatment for 17.5 h with 0.69 mM low glucose (H+LG) could mimic ischemic penumbral cells since they had much higher cell viability and viable cell number compared to hypoxia without glucose (H-G) treatment. To validate established cell-based ischemic penumbral model and understand the beneficial effects of low glucose (LG), quantitative proteomics analysis was performed on H+LG, H-G, and normoxia with normal 22 mM glucose (N+G) treated cells. We identified 427 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between H-G and N+G and further identified 105 DAPs between H+LG and H-G. Analysis of 105 DAPs revealed that LG promotes cell survival by activating HIF1α to enhance glycolysis; preventing the dysregulations of extracellular matrix remodeling, cell cycle and division, and antioxidant and detoxification; as well as attenuating inflammatory reaction response, protein synthesis and neurotransmission activity. Our results demonstrated that this established cell-based system could mimic penumbral conditions and can be used for molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Farooqahmed S Kittur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chiu-Yueh Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xinghong Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - David C Sane
- Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Jiahua Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
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Chen BH, Park JH, Cho JH, Kim IH, Shin BN, Ahn JH, Hwang SJ, Yan BC, Tae HJ, Lee JC, Bae EJ, Lee YL, Kim JD, Won MH, Kang IJ. Ethanol extract of Oenanthe javanica increases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the adolescent rat dentate gyrus. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:271-6. [PMID: 25883627 PMCID: PMC4392676 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.152382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oenanthe javanica is an aquatic perennial herb that belongs to the Oenanthe genus in Apiaceae family, and it displays well-known medicinal properties such as protective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. However, few studies regarding effects of Oenanthe javanica on neurogenesis in the brain have been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of a normal diet and a diet containing ethanol extract of Oenanthe javanica on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adolescent rats using Ki-67 (an endogenous marker for cell proliferation) and doublecortin (a marker for neuroblast). Our results showed that Oenanthe javanica extract significantly increased the number of Ki-67-immunoreactive cells and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the adolescent rats. In addition, the immunoreactivity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of the Oenanthe javanica extract-treated group compared with the control group. However, we did not find that vascular endothelial growth factor expression was increased in the Oenanthe javanica extract-treated group compared with the control group. These results indicate that Oenanthe javanica extract improves cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor immunoreactivity in the rat dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seok Joon Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bing Chun Yan
- Department of Integrative Traditional & Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hyun Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Joo Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchen, South Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Dai Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Van Elzen R, Moens L, Dewilde S. Expression profiling of the cerebral ischemic and hypoxic response. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 5:263-82. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Proteomic analysis of the carotid body: a preliminary study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 756:349-53. [PMID: 22836653 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4549-0_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a proteomic analysis of the rat carotid body (CB) preparation by comparison between normoxia and hypoxia. Proteomic investigation would be helpful to identify the stress-induced protein during hypoxia and to know what O(2) species are being sensed by CB cells. Adult Wistar rats were used, one group was kept in room air (21% O(2)) as control, and the other was kept in a Plexiglas chamber for 12 days in chronic hypoxia (10-11% inspired oxygen). A total protein extract for each lysated tissue was separated using a broad pH range no-linear IPG strip (3-10) and the second dimension was performed on a 9-16% polyacrylamide gel. Exposure to hypoxia for 12 days produced significant changes in protein expression, providing an initial insight into the mechanism underlying differences in susceptibility to hypoxia. Further investigation is needed to have an overview of the specific set of proteins present in the CB and the functions of such proteins in signal transduction and adaptation during hypoxia.
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5
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The transcriptome of cerebral ischemia. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:313-9. [PMID: 22381515 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The molecular causality and response to stroke is complex. Yet, much of the literature examining the molecular response to stroke has focused on targeted pathways that have been well-characterized. Consequently, our understanding of stroke pathophysiology has made little progress by way of clinical therapeutics since tissue plasminogen activator was approved for treatment nearly a decade ago. The lack of clinical translation is in part due to neuron-focused studies, preclinical models of cerebral ischemia and the paradoxical nature of neuro-inflammation. With the evolution of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable criteria streamlining research efforts and broad availability of genomic technologies, the ability to decipher the molecular fingerprint of ischemic stroke is on the horizon. This review highlights preclinical microarray findings of the ischemic brain, discusses the transcriptome of cerebral preconditioning and emphasizes the importance of further characterizing the role of the neurovascular unit and peripheral white blood cells in mediating stroke damage and repair within the penumbra.
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Detailed differentiation of calbindin d-28k-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus in C57BL/6 mice at early postnatal stages. Lab Anim Res 2011; 27:153-9. [PMID: 21826176 PMCID: PMC3145998 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2011.27.2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus makes new memories and is involved in mental cognition, and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is critical because neurogenesis, which occurs throughout life, occurs in the DG. We observed the differentiation of neuroblasts into mature neurons (granule cells) in the DG of C57BL/6 mice at various early postnatal (P) ages: P1, P7, P14, and P21 using doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry (IHC) for neuroblasts and calbindin D-28k (CB) IHC for granule cells. DCX-positive cells decreased in the DG with age; however, CB+ cells increased over time. At P1, DCX and CB double-labeled (DCX+CB+) cells were scattered throughout the DG. At P7, DCX+CB+ cells (about 92% of CB+ cells) were seen only in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the dorsal blade. At P14, DCX+CB+ cells (about 66% of CB+ cells) were found in the lower half of the GCL of both blades. In contrast, at P21, about 18% of CB+ cells were DCX+CB+ cells, and they were mainly located only in the subgranular zone of the DG. These results suggest that the developmental pattern of DCX+CB+ cells changes with time in the early postnatal stages.
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Yoo DY, Yoo KY, Choi JW, Kim W, Lee CH, Choi JH, Park JH, Won MH, Hwang IK. Time course of postnatal distribution of doublecortin immunoreactive developing/maturing neurons in the somatosensory cortex and hippocampal CA1 region of C57BL/6 mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:729-36. [PMID: 21360195 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we observed neuroblast differentiation in the somatosensory cortex (SSC) and hippocampal CA1 region (CA1), which is vulnerable to oxidative stress, of the mouse at various early postnatal days (P) 1, 7, 14, and 21 using doublecortin (DCX, a marker for neuroblasts). Cresyl violet and NeuN (Neuronal Nuclei) staining showed development of layers as well as neurons in the SSC and CA1. At P1, DCX-positive neuroblasts expressed strong DCX immunoreactivity in both the SSC and CA1. Thereafter, DCX immunoreactivity was decreased with time. At P7, many DCX-immunoreactive neuroblasts were well detected in the SSC and CA1. At P14, some DCX-positive neuroblasts were found in the SSC and CA1: The immunoreactivity was weak. At P21, DCX immunoreactivity was hardly found in cells in the SSC and CA1. These results suggest that DCX-positive neuroblasts were significantly decreased in the mouse SSC and CA1 from P14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, South Korea
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Choi JH, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Park OK, Yan BC, Li H, Hwang IK, Park JH, Kim SK, Won MH. Comparison of newly generated doublecortin-immunoreactive neuronal progenitors in the main olfactory bulb among variously aged gerbils. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1599-608. [PMID: 20607603 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated age-related differences in neuronal progenitors in the gerbil main olfactory bulb (MOB) using doublecortin (DCX), a marker for neuronal progenitors which differentiate into neurons in the brain. No difference in the number of neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-immunoreactive neurons was found in the MOB at variously aged gerbils. At postnatal month (PM) 1, DCX immunoreaction was detected in all layers of the MOB except for the olfactory nerve layer. At this time point, DCX-immunoreactive cells (neuronal progenitors) were very abundant; however, they did not have fully developed-processes. From PM 3, the number of DCX-immunoreactive neuronal progenitors was decreased with age. At PM 6, DCX-immunoreactive cells showed very well-developed processes. In western blot analysis, DCX protein level in the MOB was highest at PM 1. Thereafter, levels of DCX protein were decreased with age. In the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, the number of Ki-67-immunoractive cells (proliferating cells) was also significantly decreased with age. In addition, increases of α-synuclein-immunoreactive structures were observed in the MOB with age. These results suggest that decrease in DCX-immunoreactive neuronal progenitors and its protein levels in the MOB with age may be associated with reduction of cell proliferation in the SVZ and with an increase in α-synuclein in the MOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Doublecortin-immunoreactive Neuroblasts in Each Layer of the Main Olfactory Bulb After Transient Cerebral Ischemia in Gerbils. Lab Anim Res 2010. [DOI: 10.5625/lar.2010.26.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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HWANG IK, CHUNG JY, YOO DY, YI SS, YOUN HY, SEONG JK, YOON YS. Comparing the Effects of Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture at Zusanli and Baihui on Cell Proliferation and Neuroblast Differentiation in the Rat Hippocampus. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:279-84. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In Koo HWANG
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
| | - Jin Young CHUNG
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Dae Young YOO
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
| | - Sun Shin YI
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Marquette University
| | - Hwa Young YOUN
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Je Kyung SEONG
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
| | - Yeo Sung YOON
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
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11
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Van Elzen R, Ghesquière B, Timmerman E, Vandamme S, Moens L, Gevaert K, Dewilde S. Integrated Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Substantial Enrichment of Protein Trafficking Processes in Hippocampus Tissue after Hypoxic Stress. J Proteome Res 2009; 9:204-15. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900517m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roos Van Elzen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evy Timmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Vandamme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Moens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Lu A, Clark JF, Ran R, Pyne-Geithman G, Wagner KR, Millhorn DE, Sharp FR. Down-regulation of interleukin 7 mRNA by hypoxia is calcium dependent. Neurol Res 2009; 31:545-549. [DOI: 10.1179/174313209x380928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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13
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Hwang IK, Yoon YS, Choi JH, Yoo KY, Yi SS, Chung DW, Kim HJ, Kim CS, DO SG, Seong JK, Lee IS, Won MH. Doublecortin-immunoreactive neuronal precursors in the dentate gyrus of spontaneously hypertensive rats at various age stages: comparison with Sprague-Dawley rats. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:373-7. [PMID: 18460832 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) are widely accepted in medical research because this model has been used for studies in neurodegenerative diseases such as vascular dementia and stroke. In the present study, we observed newly generated neuronal precursors using doublecortin (DCX, a marker of neural proliferation and differentiation) in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in SHRs compared to Sprague-Dawley rats (SDRs) at various age stages. DCX immunoreactivity, immunoreactive cell numbers and its protein level in the dentate gyrus of the SHRs were higher than those in the SDRs at postnatal month 1 (PM 1). At PM 8, DCX immunoreactivity, immunoreactive cell numbers and protein levels in both groups were markedly decreased compared to those at PM 1; however, they were higher than those in the SDRs. They were decreased in the both groups with age: DCX immunoreactive cells in the SDRs were few at PM 12. Our results indicate that newly generated neuronal precursors are more abundant in SHRs than in SDRs during their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hwang IK, Yoo KY, Yi SS, Kwon YG, Ahn YK, Seong JK, Lee IS, Yoon YS, Won MH. Age-related differentiation in newly generated DCX immunoreactive neurons in the subgranular zone of the gerbil dentate gyrus. Neurochem Res 2007; 33:867-72. [PMID: 17987384 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated age-related changes of newborn neurons in the gerbil dentate gyrus using doublecortin (DCX), a marker of neuronal progenitors which differentiate into neurons in the brain. In the postnatal month 1 (PM 1) group, DCX immunoreactivity was detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, but DCX immunoreactive neurons did not have fully developed processes. Thereafter, DCX immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the dentate gyrus were found to decrease with age. Between PM 3 and PM 18, DCX immunoreactive neuronal progenitors showed well-developed processes which projected to the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, but at PM 24, a few DCX immunoreactive neuronal progenitors were detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. DCX protein level in the dentate gyrus at PM 1 was high, thereafter levels of DCX were decreased with time. The authors suggest that a decrease of DCX immunoreactivity and its protein level with age may be associated with aging processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Boraldi F, Annovi G, Carraro F, Naldini A, Tiozzo R, Sommer P, Quaglino D. Hypoxia influences the cellular cross-talk of human dermal fibroblasts. A proteomic approach. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:1402-13. [PMID: 17904921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cells to respond to changes in oxygen availability is critical for many physiological and pathological processes (i.e. development, aging, wound healing, hypertension, cancer). Changes in the protein profile of normal human dermal fibroblasts were investigated in vitro after 96 h in 5% CO(2) and 21% O(2) (pO(2) = 140 mm Hg) or 2% O(2) (pO(2) = 14 mm Hg), these parameters representing a mild chronic hypoxic exposure which fibroblasts may undergo in vivo. The proliferation rate and the protein content were not significantly modified by hypoxia, whereas proteome analysis demonstrated changes in the expression of 56 proteins. Protein identification was performed by mass spectrometry. Data demonstrate that human fibroblasts respond to mild hypoxia increasing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1a) and of the 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein. Other differentially expressed proteins appeared to be related to stress response, transcriptional control, metabolism, cytoskeleton, matrix remodelling and angiogenesis. Furthermore, some of them, like galectin 1, 40S ribosomal protein SA, N-myc-downstream regulated gene-1 protein, that have been described in the literature as possible cancer markers, significantly changed their expression also in normal hypoxic fibroblasts. Interestingly, a bovine fetuin was also identified that appeared significantly less internalised by hypoxic fibroblasts. In conclusion, results indicate that human dermal fibroblasts respond to an in vitro mild chronic hypoxic exposure by modifying a number of multifunctional proteins. Furthermore, data highlight the importance of stromal cells in modulating the intercellular cross-talk occurring in physiological and in pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Kotake-Nara E, Saida K. Characterization of CoCl2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS): Inductions of neurite outgrowth and endothelin-2/vasoactive intestinal contractor in PC12 cells by CoCl2 are ROS dependent, but those by MnCl2 are not. Neurosci Lett 2007; 422:223-7. [PMID: 17629402 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CoCl(2) and MnCl(2) are hypoxic mimetic agents. We previously found that expression of ET-2/VIC, one of hypoxia-related factors, and the induction of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells through ROS induced by CoCl(2). MnCl(2) also are known to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. However, it is unclear whether the mechanism of the effect induced by these metals is same. In the present study, we evaluated biological effects induced by MnCl(2) and compared with those induced by CoCl(2). Furthermore, we analyzed sources of CoCl(2)-induced ROS generation. MnCl(2) up-regulated ET-2/VIC gene expression and ET-2/VIC peptide production as CoCl(2) did, but not affect ET-1 gene expression, in the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. NAC did not at all inhibit the effects induced by MnCl(2). Furthermore, addition of MnCl(2) to the culture medium did not generate ROS as CoCl(2) did. These results indicate that ET-2/VIC expression is a common pathway in neurite outgrowth induced by CoCl(2) and MnCl(2), but the effects induced by CoCl(2) are ROS dependent, whereas the effects induced by MnCl(2) are ROS independent. Taken together, the mechanism for the effects by CoCl(2) was different from that by MnCl(2). The ROS, were not decomposed by catalase or SOD, were rapidly generated by reaction of CoCl(2) mainly with components of HS rather than with FBS or DMEM. Some ROS generated by reaction of CoCl(2) with components of HS may participate in the observed neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kotake-Nara
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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Hwang IK, Yoo KY, Li H, Choi JH, Kwon YG, Ahn Y, Lee IS, Won MH. Differences in doublecortin immunoreactivity and protein levels in the hippocampal dentate gyrus between adult and aged dogs. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:1604-9. [PMID: 17514419 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX), a microtubule-associated protein, specifically expresses in neuronal precursors. This protein has been used as a marker for neuronal precursors and neurogenesis. In the present study, we observed differences in DCX immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the hippocampal dentate gyrus between adult and aged dogs. In the adult dog, DCX immunoreactive cells with well-stained processes were detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Numbers of DCX immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus of the aged dog were significantly decreased compared to those in the adult dog. DCX immunoreactive cells in both adult and aged dog did not show NeuN (a marker for mature neurons) immunoreactivity. NeuN immunoreactivity in the aged dog was poor compared to that in the adult dog. DCX protein level in the aged dentate gyrus was decreased by 80% compared to that in the adult dog. These results suggest that the reduction of DCX in the aged hippocampal dentate gyrus may be involved in some neural deficits related to the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Dagnino-Subiabre A, Zepeda-Carreño R, Díaz-Véliz G, Mora S, Aboitiz F. Chronic stress induces upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and integrin alpha5 expression in the rat pineal gland. Brain Res 2006; 1086:27-34. [PMID: 16626638 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress affects brain areas involved in learning and emotional responses. These alterations have been related with the development of cognitive deficits in major depression. Moreover, stress induces deleterious actions on the epithalamic pineal organ, a gland involved in a wide range of physiological functions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the stress effects on the pineal gland are related with changes in the expression of neurotrophic factors and cell adhesion molecules. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, we analyzed the effect of chronic immobilization stress on the BDNF mRNA and integrin alpha5 expression in the rat pineal gland. We found that BDNF is produced in situ in the pineal gland. Chronic immobilization stress induced upregulation of BDNF mRNA and integrin alpha5 expression in the rat pineal gland but did not produce changes in beta-actin mRNA or in GAPDH expression. Stressed animals also evidenced an increase in anxiety-like behavior and acute gastric lesions. These results suggest that BDNF and integrin alpha5 may have a counteracting effect to the deleterious actions of immobilization stress on functionally stimulated pinealocytes. Furthermore, this study proposes that the pineal gland may be a target of glucocorticoid damage during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Ave. Marcoleta N 387, piso 2, Casilla 114-D, Santiago 1, Chile.
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Johnson MD, Yu LR, Conrads TP, Kinoshita Y, Uo T, McBee JK, Veenstra TD, Morrison RS. The Proteomics of Neurodegeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 5:259-70. [PMID: 16078862 DOI: 10.2165/00129785-200505040-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The continuing improvement and refinement of proteomic and bioinformatic tools has made it possible to obtain increasing amounts of structural and functional information about proteins on a global scale. The emerging field of neuroproteomics promises to provide powerful strategies for further characterizing neuronal dysfunction and cell loss associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroproteomic studies have thus far revealed relatively comprehensive quantitative changes and post-translational modifications (mostly oxidative damage) of high abundance proteins, confirming deficits in energy production, protein degradation, antioxidant protein function, and cytoskeletal regulation associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. The identification of changes in low-abundance proteins and characterization of their functions based on protein-protein interactions still await further development of proteomic methodologies and more dedicated application of these technologies by neuroscientists. Once accomplished, however, the resulting information will certainly provide a truly comprehensive view of neurodegeneration-associated changes in protein expression, facilitating the identification of novel biomarkers for the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases and new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Johnson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-6470, USA
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