Metaanalyse zur Wirksamkeit achtsamkeitsbasierter Interventionen bei ADHS im Kindes- und Jugendalter

[School-based Mindfulness Programs for Children and Adolescents]

School-based Mindfulness Programs for Children and Adolescents Mindfulness is a mental state achieved by focusing one's awareness on the present moment, while calmly acknowledging and accepting one's bodily sensations, sensory feedback, thoughts, and feelings. Mindfulness interventions can improve proprioception, direction of attention, and emotion regulation. An accepting attitude towards thoughts and feelings reduces the experience of stress so that it is easier to cope with stressful situations. The regular practice of mindfulness exercises affects neurobiological mechanisms, which can lead to an improvement of executive functions as well as psychological health. Metaanalyses provide evidence of small effects of mindfulness interventions in schools, both in cognitive areas (executive functions, concentration, memory) and in emotional areas (anxiety, depressivity, wellbeing). The focus of this review article is on German and English-language mindfulness programmes for children and adolescents in schools, which have already been the subject of initial evaluation studies. This study presents the programmes Paws b, Mind Up, and Mehr Ruhe for children, and .b, Mind Up, AISCHU, and 8sam for adolescents, together with their evaluation results. The conclusion discusses open questions concerning conceptual and methodological issues.

[Mindfulness in Trainee Psychotherapies with Children and Adolescents]

Mindfulness in Trainee Psychotherapies with Children and Adolescents The implementation of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in cognitive-behavioral therapy has greatly increased over the past few years. However, there is little research about the implementation of MBIs in individual child and adolescent psychotherapy. The present paper gives an overview of current MBIs and their efficacy in children and adolescents. A depiction of the implementation of MBIs in individual therapy and a description of the "Mindfulness and Relaxation Study - Children and Adolescents" (MARS-CA) is given. The study aims to examine the effects of short session-introducing interventions with mindfulness elements on juvenile patients' psychopathological symptomatology and therapeutic alliance. For this reason, the authors compare session-introducing interventions with mindfulness elements with session-introducing relaxation interventions and no session-introducing intervention. Qualitative results of the pre-study show that both interventions with mindfulness elements and relaxation interventions work well with juvenile patients.

ADHS: Neue Ansätze in Diagnostik und Therapie

Zusammenfassung. Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) gehört zu den besonders häufigen psychischen Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Traditionelle Ansätze der Diagnostik und Behandlung weisen erhebliche Defizite auf, wodurch vielfältige Forschungsaktivitäten begründet sind. Die Bedeutung von kognitiven (neuropsychologischen) Aspekten der ADHS wurde jahrelang kritisch diskutiert. Mittlerweile liegen jedoch überzeugende Argumente dafür vor, diese Sichtweise im Rahmen der Diagnostik und Therapie stärker zu berücksichtigen. Vor allem kommt der Erfassung der Exekutivfunktionen eine größere Bedeutung zu. Neue Ansätze in diesem Bereich werden diskutiert.