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Coughlan S, Quigley J, Nixon E. Assessing the Language Abilities of Preterm-Born Children: An Examination of Standardized Testing and Language Sample Analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38980152 DOI: 10.1044/2024_ajslp-23-00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand how best to assess the language abilities of preterm-born children, this study: (a) compared preterm- and term-born children's language skills using standardized testing and language sample analysis (LSA), (b) investigated how executive function skills and the language sampling context respectively affect standardized test and LSA scores, and (c) examined the pattern of associations between standardized test and LSA scores among preterm-/term-born groups. METHOD Twenty-five term-born and 23 preterm-born 2-year-old singletons were administered the language scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (receptive communication, expressive communication, language composite scores). Parent-child free-play recordings were used to quantify the (para)linguistic features of the children's speech. Executive function was measured via parent report. RESULTS The preterm-born group obtained significantly lower scores than the term-born group on all Bayley language measures (though differences were not consistently observed when using cutoff scores). Few preterm-term differences in LSA measures were found. The preterm-term differences in Bayley scores were not explained by between-group differences in executive function. Some preterm-term differences in LSA scores were moderated by the language sampling context. The preterm- and term-born groups exhibited different patterns of Bayley-LSA correlations. CONCLUSIONS Preterm language difficulties were more apparent on standardized test than LSA scores. Nonetheless, the Bayley-LSA correlations indicate that poor test performance (linked with preterm birth) is associated with functional communication difficulties. The discussion outlines the complementary utility of standardized tests and LSA while acknowledging the limited utility of cutoff scores and the confounding influence of the language sampling context. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26142661.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Quigley
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Sentenac M, Twilhaar S, Benhammou V, Morgan AS, Johnson S, Chaimani A, Zeitlin J. Heterogeneity of design features in studies included in systematic reviews with meta-analysis of cognitive outcomes in children born very preterm. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37:254-262. [PMID: 36744822 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses of the voluminous scientific literature on the impact of very preterm (VPT, <32 weeks' gestation) birth on cognition find a marked deficit in intelligence quotient (IQ) among children born VPT relative to term-born peers, but with unexplained between-study heterogeneity in effect size. OBJECTIVES To conduct an umbrella review to describe the design and methodology of primary studies and to assess whether methodological heterogeneity affects the results of meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES Primary studies from five systematic reviews with meta-analysis on VPT birth and childhood IQ. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Information on study design, sample characteristics and results was extracted from studies. Study features covered study type, sample size, follow-up rates, adjustment for social context, management of severe impairments and test type. SYNTHESIS We used random-effects subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regressions to investigate the contribution of study features to between-study variance in standardised mean differences (SMD) in IQ between groups. RESULTS In 58 cohorts (56%), children with severe impairments were excluded, while 23 (22%) cohorts accounted for social factors. The least reported feature was the follow-up rate (missing in 38 cohorts). The largest difference in SMDs was between studies using full scale IQ tests (61 cohorts, SMD -0.89, 95% CI -0.96, -0.82) versus short-form tests (27 cohorts, SMD -0.68, 95% CI -0.79, -0.57). The proportion of between-study variance explained by the type of test was 14%; the other features explained less than 1% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Study design and methodology varied across studies, but most of them did not affect the variance in effect size, except the type of cognitive test. Key features, such as the follow-up rate, were not consistently reported limiting the evaluation of their potential contribution. Incomplete reporting limited the evaluation of the full impact of this methodological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Sentenac
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistic (CRESS), Inserm, INRAE, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Twilhaar
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistic (CRESS), Inserm, INRAE, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Benhammou
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistic (CRESS), Inserm, INRAE, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Andrei S Morgan
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistic (CRESS), Inserm, INRAE, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Maternité Port-Royal, Paris, France
| | - Samantha Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna Chaimani
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistic (CRESS), Inserm, INRAE, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Zeitlin
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistic (CRESS), Inserm, INRAE, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Abstract
Around 15 million children are born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) every year. Of these, 15% or 2.25 million are born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks of gestation). Here, the developmental outcomes of VP babies in diverse domains from motor, cognitive, and social function to mental health and well-being throughout childhood and adolescence are reviewed. Their life course adaptation in terms of romantic relationships, employment, and quality of life into adulthood is also considered. Some adverse effects reduce as individuals age, and others remain remarkably stable from childhood into adulthood. We argue that to advance understanding of developmental mechanisms and direct resources for intervention more effectively, social factors need to be assessed more comprehensively, and genetically sensitive designs should be considered with neuroimaging integrated to test alternative developmental models. As current evidence is based almost exclusively on studies from high-income countries, research from low- and middle-income countries is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;,
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Mendonça
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;,
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Johnson S, Evans TA, Draper ES, Field DJ, Manktelow BN, Marlow N, Matthews R, Petrou S, Seaton SE, Smith LK, Boyle EM. Neurodevelopmental outcomes following late and moderate prematurity: a population-based cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2015; 100:F301-8. [PMID: 25834170 PMCID: PMC4484499 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a paucity of data relating to neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born late and moderately preterm (LMPT; 32(+0)-36(+6) weeks). This paper present the results of a prospective, population-based study of 2-year outcomes following LMPT birth. DESIGN 1130 LMPT and 1255 term-born children were recruited at birth. At 2 years corrected age, parents completed a questionnaire to assess neurosensory (vision, hearing, motor) impairments and the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised to identify cognitive impairment. Relative risks for adverse outcomes were adjusted for sex, socio-economic status and small for gestational age, and weighted to account for over-sampling of term-born multiples. Risk factors for cognitive impairment were explored using multivariable analyses. RESULTS Parents of 638 (57%) LMPT infants and 765 (62%) controls completed questionnaires. Among LMPT infants, 1.6% had neurosensory impairment compared with 0.3% of controls (RR 4.89, 95% CI 1.07 to 22.25). Cognitive impairments were the most common adverse outcome: LMPT 6.3%; controls 2.4% (RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.64). LMPT infants were at twice the risk for neurodevelopmental disability (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.75). Independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in LMPT infants were male sex, socio-economic disadvantage, non-white ethnicity, preeclampsia and not receiving breast milk at discharge. CONCLUSIONS Compared with term-born peers, LMPT infants are at double the risk for neurodevelopmental disability at 2 years of age, with the majority of impairments observed in the cognitive domain. Male sex, socio-economic disadvantage and preeclampsia are independent predictors of low cognitive scores following LMPT birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - T Alun Evans
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - David J Field
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Neil Marlow
- Department of Academic Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Matthews
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sarah E Seaton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lucy K Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Elaine M Boyle
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Doyle LW, Anderson PJ, Battin M, Bowen JR, Brown N, Callanan C, Campbell C, Chandler S, Cheong J, Darlow B, Davis PG, DePaoli T, French N, McPhee A, Morris S, O’Callaghan M, Rieger I, Roberts G, Spittle AJ, Wolke D, Woodward LJ. Long term follow up of high risk children: who, why and how? BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:279. [PMID: 25399544 PMCID: PMC4289257 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most babies are born healthy and grow and develop normally through childhood. There are, however, clearly identifiable high-risk groups of survivors, such as those born preterm or with ill-health, who are destined to have higher than expected rates of health or developmental problems, and for whom more structured and specialised follow-up programs are warranted. DISCUSSION This paper presents the results of a two-day workshop held in Melbourne, Australia, to discuss neonatal populations in need of more structured follow-up and why, in addition to how, such a follow-up programme might be structured. Issues discussed included the ages of follow-up, and the personnel and assessment tools that might be required. Challenges for translating results into both clinical practice and research were identified. Further issues covered included information sharing, best practice for families and research gaps. SUMMARY A substantial minority of high-risk children has long-term medical, developmental and psychological adverse outcomes and will consume extensive health and education services as they grow older. Early intervention to prevent adverse outcomes and the effective integration of services once problems are identified may reduce the prevalence and severity of certain outcomes, and will contribute to an efficient and effective use of health resources. The shared long-term goal for families and professionals is to work toward ensuring that high risk children maximise their potential and become productive and valued members of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex W Doyle
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- />Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- />Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria Australia
- />Premature Infant Follow-up Program, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria Australia
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women’s Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- />Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- />Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria Australia
- />Premature Infant Follow-up Program, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Malcolm Battin
- />National Women’s Hospital, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer R Bowen
- />Department of Neonatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Nisha Brown
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- />Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- />Newborn Services, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Catherine Callanan
- />Premature Infant Follow-up Program, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Catherine Campbell
- />Neonatal Paediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Samantha Chandler
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women’s Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Jeanie Cheong
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- />Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria Australia
- />Premature Infant Follow-up Program, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Brian Darlow
- />Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter G Davis
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- />Premature Infant Follow-up Program, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Tony DePaoli
- />Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - Noel French
- />Neonatal Paediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Andy McPhee
- />Neonatal Services, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Shusannah Morris
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women’s Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Michael O’Callaghan
- />Paediatrics and Child Health, Mater Clinical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Ingrid Rieger
- />Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Gehan Roberts
- />Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- />Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria Australia
- />Community Child Health, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Alicia J Spittle
- />Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria Australia
- />Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Dieter Wolke
- />Department of Psychology, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Lianne J Woodward
- />Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Using the Bayley-III to assess neurodevelopmental delay: which cut-off should be used? Pediatr Res 2014; 75:670-4. [PMID: 24492622 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the latest edition of the Bayley Scales (Bayley-III) produces higher scores than its predecessor (BSID-II), there is uncertainty about how to classify moderate-severe neurodevelopmental delay. We have investigated agreement between classifications of delay made using the BSID-II and Bayley-III. METHODS BSID-II Mental Development Index (MDI) and Bayley-III cognitive and language scales were administered in 185 extremely preterm (<27 wk) children. A combined Bayley-III score (CB-III) was computed. Agreement between delay classified using MDI scores <70 and various Bayley-III cut-offs was assessed. RESULTS Bayley-III cognitive and language scores were close to the normative mean and were higher than BSID-II MDI scores. Nineteen (10.2%) children had MDI <70. Bayley-III scores <70 significantly underestimated the proportion with MDI <70. Bayley-III cognitive and language scores <85 had 99% agreement with MDI <70 and underestimated delay by 1.1%. CB-III scores <80 had 98% agreement and produced the same proportion with delay. CONCLUSION Bayley-III cognitive and language scores <85 or CB-III scores <80 provide the best definition of moderate-severe neurodevelopmental delay for equivalence with MDI <70. CB-III scores have the advantage of producing a single continuous outcome measure but require further validation. The relative accuracy of both tests for predicting long-term outcomes requires investigation.
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Martin AJ, Darlow BA, Salt A, Hague W, Sebastian L, McNeill N, Tarnow-Mordi W. Performance of the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R) versus the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98:955-8. [PMID: 24030249 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-303288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R) assesses cognitive and language development at 24 months. It was validated against the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II), but this has now been superseded by BSID III. OBJECTIVE To compare the PARCA-R against the BSID III. METHODS PARCA-R and BSID III assessments scheduled at 24 months of age (corrected for prematurity) were completed in 204 infants with suspected or proven neonatal sepsis in the International Neonatal Immunotherapy Study. Associations between the scales were measured and the predictive accuracy of the PARCA-R for moderate cognitive delay and moderate language delay was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Median birthweight was 911 g, median gestational age at birth was 27 weeks and 100 (49.0%) were girls. 4.4% and 8.4% met standard BSID III criteria for cognitive delay and language delay, respectively. These rates increased to 19.6% and 12.6% when an independent sample of normal term infants were used as the reference group suggesting standard BSID III reference norms may tend to underestimate delay. The Spearman correlation between PARCA-R and BSID scales were 0.43 for cognition and 0.71 for language. The PARCA-R successfully predicted cases of cognitive delay and language delay with the area under the ROC curves ranging from 0.83 to 0.97 depending on reference norms used. CONCLUSIONS The results support the PARCA-R as a practical tool for the identification of appreciable cognitive and language delay at 24 months among critically ill premature and extremely low birthweight neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Martin
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, , Sydney, Australia
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Harijan P, Beer C, Glazebrook C, Israel C, Marlow N, Whitelaw A, Johnson S. Predicting developmental outcomes in very preterm infants: validity of a neonatal neurobehavioral assessment. Acta Paediatr 2012; 101:e275-81. [PMID: 22404242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study explored inter-rater reliability, discriminative, construct and predictive validity of the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI) in a gestational-age-based cohort. METHODS The NAPI was conducted at 35 weeks post-menstrual age for 170 infants born <32 weeks. Cognitive and motor development was assessed at 2 years using the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) of Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II for 159 infants. RESULTS Only NAPI motor and irritability scores were significantly different between very (29-3 w) and extremely preterm (<28 w) infants. Results regarding construct validity were variable: there were weak correlations between NAPI motor scores and gestational age (r = -0.23; p = 0.003), days in NICU (r = -0.24; p = 0.001); NAPI alertness scores and days in NICU (r = -0.16; p = 0.037); and NAPI irritability scores and gestational age (r = 0.21; p = 0.006). There were no significant associations with other markers of adverse outcome. Only NAPI irritability scores were correlated with MDI scores (r = -0.16; p = 0.040) but accounted for little additional variance after adjustment for neonatal factors (ΔR(2) = 0.035; p = 0.012). CONCLUSION We found little evidence of the utility of the NAPI as a measure of short-term neurobehavioural function or for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants. It may have greater predictive power when used serially to detect delayed neurobehavioural maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Harijan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
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Johnson S, Marlow N, Wolke D. Assessing educational outcomes in middle childhood: validation of the Teacher Academic Attainment Scale. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012; 54:544-51. [PMID: 22458287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Assessing educational outcomes in high-risk populations is crucial for defining long-term outcomes. As standardized tests are costly and time-consuming, we assessed the use of the Teacher Academic Attainment Scale (TAAS) as an outcome measure. METHOD Three hundred and forty three children in mainstream schools aged 10 to 11 years (144 males, 199 females; 190 extremely preterm and 153 term; mean age 10 y 9 mo, SD 5.5 mo, range 9 y 8 mo-12 y 3 mo) were assessed using the reading and mathematics scales of the criterion standard Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, 2nd (UK) edition (WIAT-II). Class teachers completed the TAAS, a seven-item questionnaire for assessing academic attainment. The TAAS was also completed at 6 years of age for 266 children. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha 0.95 indicated excellent internal consistency, and the correlation between TAAS scores at 6 and 11 years indicated good test-retest reliability (r=0.77, p<0.001). Significantly higher TAAS scores for term vs preterm children demonstrated discriminative validity. TAAS scores at 6 and 11 years were significantly correlated with WIAT-II reading (r=0.69 and 0.75, p<0.001) and mathematics (r=0.75 and 0.82, p<0.001) scores, demonstrating good predictive and concurrent validity respectively. TAAS scores of <2.5 were good predictors of learning difficulties. INTERPRETATION The TAAS is a brief, psychometrically sound teacher-report of academic attainment that yields continuous and categorical outcomes. It provides a cost- and time-efficient outcome measure for large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Johnson S, Wolke D, Hennessy E, Marlow N. Educational Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Children: Neuropsychological Correlates and Predictors of Attainment. Dev Neuropsychol 2011; 36:74-95. [PMID: 21253992 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2011.540541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Pitchford N, Johnson S, Scerif G, Marlow N. Early indications of delayed cognitive development in preschool children born very preterm: evidence from domain-general and domain-specific tasks. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Randomized trial of a parenting intervention for very preterm infants: outcome at 2 years. J Pediatr 2009; 155:488-94. [PMID: 19595367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of a neonatal parenting intervention for improving development in very preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN A cluster-randomized, controlled trial with a cross-over design and washout period was conducted in 6 neonatal centers. Two hundred thirty-three babies <32 weeks' gestation were recruited (intervention = 112; control = 121). Intervention families received weekly Parent Baby Interaction Programme (PBIP) sessions during neonatal intensive care unit admission and up to 6 weeks after discharge. Control families received standard care. All 195 infants remaining in the study at 24 months' corrected age were assessed by psychologists blinded to group allocation. RESULTS There was no significant difference in Mental Development Index (-0.9 points; 95% CI, -5.0, 3.2) or Psychomotor Development Index (2.5; -3.3, 8.4) scores between the intervention and control groups and no significant effect of intervention on Mental Development Index or Psychomotor Development Index scores for subgroups dichotomized by gestational age (<28 weeks/> or =28 weeks), parity (1st/other child) or mother's cohabiting status (supported/unsupported). CONCLUSIONS There was no effect of PBIP on infant development at 2 years' corrected age. Parenting interventions may be better delivered after discharge or targeted for preterm infants with high biological and social risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Petermann
- Center for Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, Bremen University, Germany
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