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Merayo-Cano JM, Porras-Segovia A, Ovejero-Garcia S, Baca-García E. Trends in the impact of suicide compared to other external causes of death: From 1995 to 2020. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2024:S2950-2853(24)00041-3. [PMID: 39059728 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the world's greatest public health problems. More than 700,000 people lose their lives to suicide every year. While funding for mental health waits to be increased, thousands of suicides occur every day. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study aims to quantify the global impact of suicide compared to other external causes of death in terms of years of potential life lost (YPLL), and how this will change between 1995 and 2020. Our source of information is the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database. We then use YPLL, a standard measure of premature mortality and burden of disease that brings precision to the assessment of the impact of different causes of death. This, combined with the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) as a way of expressing increase, gives us a better understanding of the real situation and trends of suicide compared to other external causes of death in different countries worldwide. RESULTS Based on the available sources of information and the selection criteria, we obtained a sample of 69 countries. The CAGR for all causes per capita decreased over the observed period in 65 countries, and it increases in 4 countries. In contrast, the CAGR specifically for suicide decreased in 49 countries, while an increase was observed in 20 countries. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of most external causes of mortality shows promising data in most countries. However, this is not the case for suicide. Thus, YPLL due to suicide have decreased to a comparatively lesser extent and have even increased in some countries, a very worrying situation that poses many clinical and epidemiological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Porras-Segovia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Baca-García
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital General de Villalba, Villalba, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
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Morshidi MI, Chew PKH, Suárez L. Psychosocial risk factors of youth suicide in the Western Pacific: a scoping review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:201-209. [PMID: 37414977 PMCID: PMC10838839 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Western Pacific region accounts for 25% of global suicide rates globally. In the last decade, however, there is a rising concern over the rate of youth suicides in the region. In line with the regional vision of reducing the rate of non-communicable diseases by 2025, the study contributes to the literature by utilizing a scoping review approach to identify psychosocial risk factors associated with youth suicide in the region. METHOD Publications on youth suicide in the Western Pacific region between 2010 and 2021 were reviewed. A total of 43 publications met the inclusion criteria and were read in full. RESULTS Psychosocial risk factors associated with suicide in each publication were identified and thematically classified into five themes: interpersonal factors, history of abuse, academic factors, work factors, and minority status. DISCUSSION Findings showed discrepancies in youth suicide research across member nations in the Western Pacific. Implications for regional policies on suicide prevention and future research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lidia Suárez
- James Cook University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Koga Y, Kawano K, Kawashima D. Does Video Game Play Elevate Suicide Risk? A Cross‐sectional Study of Japanese Young Adults
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2. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lee MS, Jhone JH, Kim JB, Kweon YS, Hong HJ. Characteristics of Korean Children and Adolescents Who Die by Suicide Based on Teachers' Reports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116812. [PMID: 35682396 PMCID: PMC9180601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the clinical characteristics and suicide-related factors of students who died by suicide in Korea in 2016–2020, based on teachers’ reports. Using data on total suicide deaths (N = 654, mean age = 16.0, 52.6% boys) collected by the Ministry of Education of Korea, we investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics and suicide-related factors of suicide deaths in students aged 9–18 years. Considering gender, more boys (52.6%, N = 344) died by suicide than girls (47.4%, N = 310). About 425 (65.0%) of the suicides were among high school students. The most common suicide method was jumping from a high place (70.6%, N = 454), followed by hanging (25.7%, N = 165). Additionally, 9.4% (N = 48) of the students who died by suicide had a history of attempted suicide, 13.4% (N = 73) had attempted self-harm, and 12.8% (N = 48) were acquainted with someone who had died by suicide. Teachers observed 20.6% (N = 120) of the suicide warning signs at school. Girls tended to have higher rates of attempted suicide, emotional problems, and psychiatric disorders than boys. This study was conducted with the largest sample of Korean suicide students observed at school. Effective suicide-related mental health training for teachers could contribute to suicide prevention in students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Jin Ho Jhone
- Department of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea;
| | - Joon Beom Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Social Welfare Policy, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Yong-Sil Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hyun Ju Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-3750
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Donnelly HK, Richardson D, Solberg SV. Understanding Somatic Symptoms Associated with South Korean Adolescent Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Social Anxiety. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11110151. [PMID: 34821612 PMCID: PMC8615240 DOI: 10.3390/bs11110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Korea's suicide rate has increased steadily in recent years and it has become the leading cause of death among Korean youth. This paper aims to propose suicide risk identification strategies for South Korean youth by identifying profiles of suicide risk alongside reported somatic complaints. For several reasons, somatic complaints are more commonly reported than mental health concerns in Korea, where somatic complaints are likely to be representative of larger mental health worries. Nationally representative data of Korean first-year middle school students were used to identify mental health profiles by examining reported suicidal ideation, depression, and social anxiety and the prediction effect of reported somatic symptoms within these profiles. Results indicated that female students reported a greater level of suicidal ideation, depression, and social anxiety compared to male students. Each gender (females and males) exhibited five different mental health profile groups, which ranged from low risk to high risk. Somatic symptoms (sleep, stomach ache, tiredness, breathing, appetite, headache, fever, nausea) significantly predicted each profile group, with sleep issues serving as the strongest predictor for risk across both genders and all groups. Therefore, for mental health professionals working with Korean youth, it is encouraged to identify and recognize somatic complaints as potentially representative of mental health concerns and suicidality risk.
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Chu J, Robinett EN, Ma JKL, Shadish KY, Goldblum P, Bongar B. Cultural versus classic risk and protective factors for suicide. DEATH STUDIES 2018; 43:56-61. [PMID: 29394156 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2018.1430085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the predictive value of cultural versus classic risk and protective factors for suicide in a community sample of 322 ethnic, sexual, and gender minority adults. Cultural factors played a significant and substantial role in predicting suicide attempts (explained 8% of variance in attempts and correctly classified 8.5% of attempters) over and above the classic factors of hopelessness, depression, and reason for living (which explained 17% of variance in attempts and correctly classified 14.1% of attempters). Findings suggest that cultural factors are important to include in standard suicide practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chu
- a Palo Alto University , Palo Alto , CA , USA
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Joe S, Lee JS, Kim SY, Won SH, Lim JS, Ha KS. Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder and Hwa-byung in the General Korean Population. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:392-399. [PMID: 28845164 PMCID: PMC5561395 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.4.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) is characterized by states of "embitterment", characteristically similar to "Hwa-byung", which is a Korean culture-bound syndrome. The present study aimed to assess diagnostic relationships between PTED and Hwa-byung. METHODS A total of 290 participants completed our survey. PTED and Hwa-byung were diagnosed using a diagnostic interview and scale. Scales for depression, suicide ideation, and anger were used for evaluation. Fisher's exact tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to evaluate diagnostic overlap between PTED and Hwa-byung, and associations of scale scores for depression, suicide ideation, and anger between the PTED, Hwa-byung, and non-diagnosed groups. Associations of these scales between the depressive and non-depressive groups, and suicidal and non-suicidal groups were also evaluated. RESULTS Among the participants, 1.7% of the sample fit the diagnostic criteria for PTED and 2.1% fit the criteria for Hwa-byung. No individual fit the criteria for both. Anger scores were significantly higher in the Hwa-byung group than in the non-diagnostic group. There were not any significant differences in anger scores between the PTED and non-diagnostic groups. Depression scores were significantly higher in the PTED than in the non-diagnostic groups. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between depression scores in the Hwa-byung and non-diagnostic groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PTED may be a disorder category that is distinct from Hwa-byung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Joe
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Seong Yoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Deagu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lim
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyung, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo Seob Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Body esteem is a mediator of the association between physical activity and depression in Korean adolescents. Appl Nurs Res 2017; 33:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Im JS, Park BCB, Ratcliff KS. Cultural Stigma Manifested in Official Suicide Death in South Korea. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2016; 77:386-403. [DOI: 10.1177/0030222816675262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the cultural sources of underreported suicide deaths in South Korea. It analyzes two sets of suicide data compiled by two different government agencies. Noting the considerable undercounting of suicide deaths compiled by the National Statistical Office, it explores how the underreporting is linked to the Confucian norm of familism. Despite an effort to improve the quality of official suicide data, a reform in the death system is needed in order to gather accurate data for a better understanding of the increased suicides as well as for the development of more effective suicide prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Soo Im
- Gachon University School of Medicine, Inchon, South Korea
| | - B. C. Ben Park
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University—Brandywine, Media, PA, USA
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Age-period-cohort analysis of the suicide rate in Korea. J Affect Disord 2016; 194:16-20. [PMID: 26802502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suicide rate has been increasing in Korea, and the country now has the highest rank in the world. This study aimed to present the long-term trends in Korea's suicide rate using Joinpoint analysis and age-period-cohort (APC) modeling. METHODS The population and the number of suicides for each five-year age group were obtained from the National Statistical Office for the period 1984-2013 for Koreans aged 10 years and older. We determined the changes in the trends in age-standardized mortality rates using Joinpoint. APC modeling was performed to describe the trends in the suicide rate using the intrinsic estimator method. RESULTS The age-standardized suicide rate in men rapidly increased from 1989 to 2004, and slightly increased thereafter, whereas the suicide rate in women increased from 1989 to 2009 and then decreased thereafter. Within the same period, the suicide rate was higher among the older age groups than in the younger groups. Within the same birth cohort, the suicide rate of the older groups was also higher than that in the younger groups. Within the same age group, the suicide rate of the younger cohorts was higher than it was in the older cohorts. In the APC modeling, old age, recent period, and having been born before 1924 were associated with higher suicide rates. LIMITATIONS The accuracy and completeness of the suicide rate data may lead to bias. CONCLUSIONS This study showed an increasing trend in the suicide rates for men and women after 1989. These trends may be mainly attributed to cohort effects.
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