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Yip PSF, Caine ED, Yeung CY, Law YW, Ho RTH. Suicide prevention in Hong Kong: pushing boundaries while building bridges. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 46:101061. [PMID: 38616984 PMCID: PMC11011221 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Hong Kong is a natural laboratory for studying suicides-small geographic footprint, bustling economic activity, rapidly changing socio-demographic transitions, and cultural crossroads. Its qualities also intensify the challenges posed when seeking to prevent them. In this viewpoint, we showed the research and practices of suicide prevention efforts made by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (CSRP), which provide the theoretical underpinning of suicide prevention and empirical evidence. CSRP adopted a multi-level public health approach (universal, selective and indicated), and has collaboratively designed, implemented, and evaluated numerous programs that have demonstrated effectiveness in suicide prevention and mental well-being promotion. The center serves as a hub and a catalyst for creating, identifying, deploying, and evaluating suicide prevention initiatives, which have the potential to reduce regional suicides rates when taken to scale and sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Siu Fai Yip
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Pofulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric D. Caine
- Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Canandaigua VA Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Canandaigua, NY, USA
| | - Cheuk Yui Yeung
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Pofulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yik Wa Law
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Pofulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rainbow Tin Hung Ho
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Law YW, Lok RHT, Chiang B, Lai CCS, Tsui SHM, Chung PYJ, Leung SC. Effects of Community-Based Caring Contact in Reducing Thwarted Belongingness Among Postdischarge Young Adults With Self-Harm: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43526. [PMID: 37585260 PMCID: PMC10468708 DOI: 10.2196/43526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with self-harm behaviors, the urge to hurt themselves persists after hospital discharge, leading to costly readmissions and even death. Hence, postdischarge intervention programs that reduce self-harm behavior among patients should be part of a cogent community mental health care policy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether a combination of a self-help mobile app and volunteer support could complement treatment as usual (TAU) to reduce the risk of suicide among these patients. METHODS We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial on discharged patients aged between 18 and 45 years with self-harm episodes/suicide attempts, all of whom were recruited from 4 hospital emergency departments in Hong Kong. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) mobile app + TAU ("apps"), (2) mobile app + volunteer support + TAU ("volunteers"), or (3) TAU only as the control group ("TAU"). They were asked to submit a mobile app-based questionnaire during 4 measurement time points at monthly intervals. RESULTS A total of 40 participants were recruited. Blending volunteer care with a preprogrammed mobile app was found to be effective in improving service compliance. Drawing upon the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide, our findings suggested that a reduction in perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness through community-based caring contact are linked to improvement in hopelessness, albeit a transient one, and suicide risk. CONCLUSIONS A combination of volunteer care with a self-help mobile app as a strategy for strengthening the continuity of care can be cautiously implemented for discharged patients at risk of self-harm during the transition from the hospital to a community setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03081078; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03081078.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Wa Law
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rita Hui Ting Lok
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Byron Chiang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Chui Shan Lai
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Pui Yin Joseph Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Chung Leung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Aggarwal S, Patton G, Berk M, Patel V. Psychosocial interventions for self-harm in low-income and middle-income countries: systematic review and theory of change. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1729-1750. [PMID: 33394070 PMCID: PMC7611648 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-02005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesise the evidence on effectiveness, acceptability and the delivery mechanisms of psychosocial interventions for self-harm in low and middle income countries and to develop a pathway of change specific for self-harm interventions. METHOD Studies reporting one or more patient or implementation outcomes of a psychosocial intervention targeting self-harm and conducted in low- and middle-income countries were included. Taxonomy of treatment components and a theory of change map was created using information from the studies. RESULTS We identified thirteen studies including nine randomised controlled trials (RCT), three non-RCTs, and a single experimental case design study. A single study using postcard contact and another using cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) reported a reduction in self-harm attempts. Suicidal ideations were significantly reduced with CBT, volitional help sheets and postcard contact in different studies. Suicide risk assessment, problem solving and self-validation were the most frequently used elements in interventions. Goal-setting was the technique used most commonly. Cultural adaptations of psychotherapies were used in two studies. High attrition rates in psychotherapy trials, limited benefit of the delivery of treatment by non-specialist providers, and variable benefit observed using phone contact as a means to deliver intervention were other important findings. CONCLUSION There were no strong positive findings to draw definitive conclusions. Limited availability and evidence for culturally adapted interventions in self-harm, lack of evaluation of task sharing using evidence based interventions as well as a dearth in evaluation and reporting of various intervention delivery models in low- and middle-income countries were major literature gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Aggarwal
- Public Health Foundation of India (Centre for Chronic Conditions), New Delhi, India. .,Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - George Patton
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (Centre for Adolescent Health), Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, Orygen (Centre for Youth Mental Health), Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vikram Patel
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Plourde KF, Thomas R, Nanda G. Boys Mentoring, Gender Norms, and Reproductive Health-Potential for Transformation. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:479-494. [PMID: 32753346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding and addressing the unique health and development needs of adolescent boys and young men (ABYM) is critical to achieving positive development outcomes for all genders. While major investments have been historically allocated toward adolescent girls and young women, a handful of approaches designed explicitly to reach ABYM have been successful. This review aims to understand the potential impact of mentoring interventions for ABYM on reproductive health (RH) knowledge and practices; social assets and soft skills; levels of gender-based and interpersonal violence; attitudes around gender equality; and substance use and financial vulnerability. METHODS An electronic search of peer-reviewed and gray literature produced a review of 1,178 articles which yielded a total of 29 articles evaluating the 27 interventions included in the final review. RESULTS Mentoring approaches demonstrate promise for improving soft skills and social assets among ABYM-two factors that are thought to contribute to positive youth development outcomes-and for reducing violence perpetration. While these findings demonstrate the importance of this approach for ABYM in their own right, evidence regarding impact on gender norm transformation, RH, and substance use is mixed. CONCLUSIONS Mentoring programs appear to be a promising practice for ABYM; they have demonstrated the potential to improve soft skills and social assets, as well as to impact rates of violence perpetration. More research is needed to better understand why the evidence for impact on gender norm transformation, RH, and substance use is mixed, and how to build upon those programs that demonstrated positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate F Plourde
- Research Utilization, GHPR-Global Health and Population Research, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Reana Thomas
- Research Utilization, GHPR-Global Health and Population Research, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Geeta Nanda
- RMNCH-Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health, GHPR-Global Health and Population Research, FHI 360, Washington, District of Columbia
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Law YW, Yeung TL, Ip FWL, Yip PSF. Evidence-Based Suicide Prevention: Collective Impact of Engagement with Community Stakeholders. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIAL WORK (2019) 2019; 16:211-227. [PMID: 30784376 DOI: 10.1080/23761407.2019.1578318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In response to the rising suicide trend in Hong Kong, the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention ("CSRP") was established in 2002, with the aim to capitalize on the collective impact of research-support practices to prevent suicides.Method: The CSRP has since become an international knowledge hub that applies a public health approach and innovative strategies to address suicide-related problems at multiple levels.Results: The CSRP actively engages in research, teaching, and knowledge exchange with community stakeholders. These effort are associated with Hong Kong's more than 30% reduction in suicide rates between 2003 and 2016.Discussion: The rationale for and examples of the CSRP's practices in face of the suicide prevention challenges lay ahead were also discussed.Conclusion: The outcomes of these practices, which hold great potential for suicide prevention worldwide, have contributed to important academic debates in the field of suicidology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Wa Law
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PRC
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PRC
| | - Tsz Long Yeung
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PRC
| | - Flora Wai Lam Ip
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PRC
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PRC
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PRC
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Robinson J, Bailey E, Witt K, Stefanac N, Milner A, Currier D, Pirkis J, Condron P, Hetrick S. What Works in Youth Suicide Prevention? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2018; 4-5:52-91. [PMID: 31193651 PMCID: PMC6537558 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people require specific attention when it comes to suicide prevention, however efforts need to be based on robust evidence. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies examining the impact of interventions that were specifically designed to reduce suicide-related behavior in young people. FINDINGS Ninety-nine studies were identified, of which 52 were conducted in clinical settings, 31 in educational or workplace settings, and 15 in community settings. Around half were randomized controlled trials. Large scale interventions delivered in both clinical and educational settings appear to reduce self-harm and suicidal ideation post-intervention, and to a lesser extent at follow-up. In community settings, multi-faceted, place-based approaches seem to have an impact. Study quality was limited. INTERPRETATION Overall whilst the number and range of studies is encouraging, gaps exist. Few studies were conducted in low-middle income countries or with demographic populations known to be at increased risk. Similarly, there was a lack of studies conducted in primary care, universities and workplaces. However, we identified that specific youth suicide-prevention interventions can reduce self-harm and suicidal ideation; these types of intervention need testing in high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Robinson
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Eleanor Bailey
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina Witt
- Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, 110 Church Street, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Nina Stefanac
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 235 Bouverie Street, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Dianne Currier
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 235 Bouverie Street, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 235 Bouverie Street, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick Condron
- University Library, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Vic 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Support Building Auckland Hospital, 2 Park Rd, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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