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Penado Abilleira M, Rodicio-García ML, Ríos-de-Deus MP, Alonso del Hierro T. Adaptation of the Short Dark Triad (SD3) to Spanish Adolescents. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1585-1596. [PMID: 38921071 PMCID: PMC11202478 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The dark triad refers to a personality configuration mainly characterized by the presence of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Even though adolescence is a critical stage in the development of dark triad traits, to date, this construct has not been studied among adolescents, mainly due to the lack of a measurement instrument adapted to this population. (2) Methods: Using a sample of 1642 adolescents, an adaptation of the Short Dark Triad (SD3) is proposed for this population. To this end, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis of the scale and examined its reliability and the intensity of the dark triad components by sex and sexual orientation. (3) Results: The adapted version of the scale (The Short Dark Triad-Adolescent Version; SD3-A) yielded good psychometric results. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the theoretical model of the three factors of dark personality. The results confirmed the greater presence of dark traits in male adolescents, and differences were observed based on sexual orientation. (4) Conclusions: The Short Dark Triad-Adolescent Version (SD3-A) is an effective and comprehensive instrument for the estimation of dark traits in adolescents and can be used as a screening test for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Penado Abilleira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - María-Luisa Rodicio-García
- Grupo de Investigación FORVI (Formación y Orientación para la Vida), Department of Specific Didactics, Research, and Diagnose Methods, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (M.-L.R.-G.); (M.-P.R.-d.-D.)
| | - María-Paula Ríos-de-Deus
- Grupo de Investigación FORVI (Formación y Orientación para la Vida), Department of Specific Didactics, Research, and Diagnose Methods, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (M.-L.R.-G.); (M.-P.R.-d.-D.)
| | - Tara Alonso del Hierro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain;
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Romano D, Costantini G, Richetin J, Perugini M. The HEXACO Adjective Scales and Its Psychometric Properties. Assessment 2023; 30:2510-2532. [PMID: 36794796 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231153833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The HEXACO model divides the space of personality into six main dimensions: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness (vs. anger), Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience. Despite the lexical foundation, no validated adjective-based instruments are available yet. This contribution describes the newly developed HEXACO Adjective Scales (HAS), a 60 adjectives instrument to measure the six main personality dimensions. Study 1 (N=368) proceeds to the first pruning of a large set of adjectives to identify potential markers. Study 2 (N=811) delineates the final list of 60 adjectives and provides benchmarks for the new scales' internal consistency, convergent/discriminant, and criterion validity. Study 3 (N=411) confirms the HAS factorial structure, internal consistency, and criterion validity. The study also provides evidence of temporal stability (test-retest reliability) and convergence between raters (peer/self-evaluation). The HAS shows excellent psychometric properties and constitutes a valuable tool for assessing the HEXACO personality dimensions using adjectives.
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Development and Validation of the Need for Online Social Feedback (NfOSF) Scale. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5581492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
People are known to adjust their behavior based on social information. Starting from 2004, social media rapidly became a new social arena for human interaction, and scholars widely studied the effect of likes on people’s psyche and behavior. However, likes are just one of the possible social feedbacks among many others on social media. Moreover, social feedback influence should be analyzed recognizing individual differences in people’s needs and desires for them. This work was aimed at developing and validating (internally and externally) a scale able to capture people’s perceived need for online social feedback (NfOSF) applicable to most social media platforms. Data coming from 1403 Italian participants were used for this purpose. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses appeared to support a two-factor structure for the NfOSF scale, while Pearson’s correlation confirmed the expected positive relations of NfOSF factors with Narcissism, Need to Belong, FOMO, and Social media reputation perception. Eventually, NfOSF scale reliability appeared optimal.
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Blötner C, Beisemann M. The Dark Triad is dead, long live the Dark Triad: An item-response theoretical examination of the Short Dark Tetrad. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bria P, Etchezahar E, Ungaretti J, Gómez Yepes T. The dark side of sexism in Argentina: Psychometric properties of the Short Dark Triad Personality measure and its relation with ambivalent sexism. Front Psychol 2022; 13:962934. [PMID: 36420389 PMCID: PMC9678248 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.962934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main evaluation instruments of the dark side of personality has been the Short Dark Triad of Personality (SD3), that includes Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy traits. Although other adaptations of this scale have been made in several countries, its psychometric properties have never been tested in Argentina. Different studies addressed that dark triad scores are related to different expressions of sexist prejudice. One of the issues that have been traditionally considered to understand intimate, yet unequal relationships between men and women, is prejudice toward women. Ambivalent sexism combines two types of sexist attitudes: hostile, and benevolent sexism. While hostile sexism involves attitudes of outright intolerance towards women, benevolent sexism is defined as a set of attitudes that comprises the perception of women in a positive emotional tone. The aim of the study was to analyze the Dark Triad of Personality scale in the Argentinian context and its relationships whit ambivalent sexism. A total of 1,198 individuals residing in different regions of Argentina participated, from different genders (woman = 59.5%), from 18 to 75 years old (M = 45.17 SD = 15.08). Main results indicated adequate psychometric properties for the Short Dark Triad of Personality scale in the Argentinian context. In addition, the three traits of the dark triad were significantly related to hostile and benevolent sexism, which indicate that one of the variables to keep addressing in order to comprise and eventually reduce prejudice towards women would be the dark triad of personality. Main results are discussed, in order to strengthen the understanding of the relationships between the dark triad and ambivalent sexism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bria
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Paula Bria,
| | - Edgardo Etchezahar
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Education, Valencian International University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ungaretti
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Education, Valencian International University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Talía Gómez Yepes
- Faculty of Education, Valencian International University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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Dionigi A, Duradoni M, Vagnoli L. Humor and the dark triad: Relationships among narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy and comic styles. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jauk E, Olaru G, Schürch E, Back MD, Morf CC. Validation of the German Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory and Construction of a Brief Form Using Ant Colony Optimization. Assessment 2022; 30:969-997. [PMID: 35176900 PMCID: PMC10149890 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221075761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Narcissism is a multifaceted construct commonly conceptualized as comprising grandiose and vulnerable aspects in a two-factor model. While the manifold correlates of these aspects imposed a challenge for research on the structure of narcissism, recent models converge in a three-factor structure of agentic-extraverted, antagonistic, and neurotic aspects, capturing variance in different conceptualizations and correlates of narcissism. We construct and validate a German adaptation of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI), a measure assessing these aspects based on the Five-Factor Model. In eight samples (N = 2,921), we found the German FFNI to align with both, two- and three-factor models. The factors display good criterion validity with other narcissism measures, (non-)clinical personality dimensions, interpersonal styles, and (mal-)adaptive adjustment. Neurotic and antagonistic narcissism discriminated between individuals with/without mental disorder diagnoses, and displayed a characteristic profile in incarcerated offenders. Since the FFNI is comprehensive but long, we constructed a 30-item brief form (FFNI-BF) optimizing the internal structure and external validity using ant colony optimization. The FFNI-BF displayed good psychometric characteristics and similar, in certain aspects even advantageous criterion validity. We conclude that the German FFNI validly measures key aspects of narcissism, and the FFNI-BF captures these in a concise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Jauk
- Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Psychometric Properties of the Slovak Version of Short Dark Triad. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:649-666. [PMID: 34563060 PMCID: PMC8314373 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Short Dark Triad is a scale used to capture three aversive personality traits—Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy on the subclinical level. The present study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Short Dark Triad scale in three studies. The first two studies aimed to examine the reliability of the scale. The aim of Study 1 was to examine the factor structure of SD3. A three-factor model consisting of three latent intercorrelated factors in a unidimensional and bifactorial model were examined on a sample of 588 participants. Study 2 aimed to test the consistency of the results over time (test–retest reliability) on the sample of 117 participants. In Study 3, convergent and divergent validity was examined on the sample of 333 participants. For both kinds of validity examination, the Slovak version of NEO-FFI was used. The internal consistency of the subscales and test results, the same as the retest results, were satisfactory. The relationships between the scales were found to be significant. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results supported the original three-factor model. Significant interrelations have been established between Machiavellianism and openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness; narcissism and neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness; psychopathy and openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The Short Dark Triad achieved satisfactory values of reliability and validity; therefore, it can be used on the Slovak population.
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Monacis L, Griffiths MD, Limone P, Sinatra M, Servidio R. Selfitis Behavior: Assessing the Italian Version of the Selfitis Behavior Scale and Its Mediating Role in the Relationship of Dark Traits with Social Media Addiction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5738. [PMID: 32784419 PMCID: PMC7460134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research on selfie-related behavior has recently flourished. The present study expands theoretical and empirical work on phenomenon by assessing the psychometric properties of the Selfitis Behavior Scale among an Italian sample and by examining its unexplored mediating role in the relationships between dark triad traits and social media addiction. A total of 490 participants (53.1% females) completed a self-report survey including socio-demographics, the Selfitis Behavior Scale (SBS), the Short Dark Triad Scale (SD3), and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). Results showed the SBS had a five-factor structure with good psychometrics properties in terms of reliability coefficients and measurement invariance across gender. In addition, findings from the path model supported the mediating role of selfitis behavior in the relationships of narcissism and psychopathy with social media addiction. Machiavellianism was found to be unrelated to selfitis behavior and social media addiction. The model shed light into the previous inconsistent findings on the associations between dark triad traits and social media addiction by taking into account the key role of selfitis behavior as an underlying mechanism. The findings may explain individual differences in personality traits associated with co-dependence (i.e., the combination of the dependence on self and others and social media addiction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Monacis
- Department of Economics, Management and Territory, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Pierpaolo Limone
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Maria Sinatra
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rocco Servidio
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
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