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Liang J, Wang Z, Han J, Zhang L. EEG-based driving intuition and collision anticipation using joint temporal-frequency multi-layer dynamic brain network. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1421010. [PMID: 38988769 PMCID: PMC11233801 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1421010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intuition plays a crucial role in human driving decision-making, and this rapid and unconscious cognitive process is essential for improving traffic safety. We used the first proposed multi-layer network analysis method, "Joint Temporal-Frequency Multi-layer Dynamic Brain Network" (JTF-MDBN), to study the EEG data from the initial and advanced phases of driving intuition training in the theta, alpha, and beta bands. Additionally, we conducted a comparative study between these two phases using multi-layer metrics as well as local and global metrics of single layers. The results show that brain region activity is more stable in the advanced phase of intuition training compared to the initial phase. Particularly in the alart state task, the JTF-MDBN demonstrated stronger connection strength. Multi-layer network analysis indicates that modularity is significantly higher for the non-alert state task than the alert state task in the alpha and beta bands. In the W4 time window (1 second before a collision), we identified significant features that can differentiate situations where a car collision is imminent from those where no collision occurs. Single-layer network analysis also revealed statistical differences in node strength and local efficiency for some EEG channels in the alpha and beta bands during the W4 and W5 time windows. Using these biomarkers to predict vehicle collision risk, the classification accuracy of a linear kernel SVM reached up to 87.5%, demonstrating the feasibility of predicting driving collisions through brain network biomarkers. These findings are important for the study of human intuition and the development of brain-computer interface-based intelligent driving hazard perception assistance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Liang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghang Han
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Müller P, Wentura D. Undeserved reward but not inevitable loss biases attention: Personal control moderates evaluative attentional biases in the additional-singleton paradigm. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:888-904. [PMID: 35466816 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221099125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is important for organisms to notice signals of opportunities (i.e., chances for performance-dependent reward) and dangers (i.e., performance-dependent risks of loss). Attentional biases towards opportunity and danger signals should therefore be functionally valuable. By contrast, the functional value of attentional biases towards signals of performance-independent (i.e., uncontrollable) rewards or losses is not obvious. The present study compares attentional biases towards positive and negative stimuli, depending on whether the stimuli signal performance-dependent or performance-independent reward or loss. Specifically, we induced colour-valence associations before engaging participants in an additional-singleton task that measures attentional bias. In the valence-induction phase, one colour signalled a potential reward, and another colour signalled a potential loss; importantly, in one group, rewards and losses were performance-dependent, whereas in another group, they were performance-independent (i.e., seemingly random). In the subsequent additional-singleton task, we found increased additional-singleton effects for colours associated with performance-dependent rewards and losses (i.e., opportunities and dangers). If, however, rewards and losses were performance-independent, the singleton effect was enhanced only for reward but not loss stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Müller
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- DFKI GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dirk Wentura
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Leder J. Living Well in Times of Threat: The Importance of Adjustment Processes to Explain Functional Adaptation to Uncertain Security in Expatriates Deployed in the Sudan. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2019; 39:1105-1124. [PMID: 30419158 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated expatriate humanitarian aid workers' perceptions and responses to uncertain security while deployed in the Sudan. Interviews conducted in Khartoum (n = 7) and Darfur (n = 17) focused on risk perception, concern for personal security, and strategies used to function well in an insecure environment. Despite a high perceived general risk, as well as broad knowledge and experience with security incidents, participants often expressed low concern. General adjustment processes were drawn on to explain this finding, while different constellations of processes resulted in different patterns of adjustment. Functional adjustment, resulting in adequate risk perception, protective behavior, protection, and low concern, was characterized by a constellation of complementary activation of accommodation and assimilation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin MacLeod
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Jędras P, Jones A, Stancak A, Field M. The effects of reward and loss anticipation on attentional bias for reward-related stimuli. Appetite 2018; 133:93-100. [PMID: 30300670 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attentional biases for reward-related (e.g., food, alcohol) cues are moderated by the expectation of imminent reward availability, but the psychological mechanisms that underlie this effect are unclear. We report two studies in which we investigated if effects of reward gain anticipation are specific to the type of reward that is anticipated, and if anticipation of loss has comparable effects to anticipation of reward gain. We used an eye tracking task to investigate the effects of anticipation of gain (experiment 1) or loss (experiment 2) of alcohol and chocolate on attentional bias for alcohol and chocolate pictures using full crossover designs; the effects of uncertain outcomes were investigated in both experiments. Results indicated robust effects of anticipation of reward gain and uncertainty on attentional bias that were outcome-specific (experiment 1). However attentional bias was not influenced by loss anticipation (experiment 2). Our findings demonstrate that anticipation of reward gain increases attentional bias for the type of reward that is anticipated, but anticipation of loss does not influence attentional bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jędras
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, United Kingdom; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, United Kingdom; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrej Stancak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Field
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, United Kingdom; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Hettich D, Hattula S, Bornemann T. Consumer Decision-Making of Older People: A 45-Year Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2017; 58:e349-e368. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Ein-Dor T. Facing danger: how do people behave in times of need? The case of adult attachment styles. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1452. [PMID: 25540635 PMCID: PMC4261697 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bowlby’s (1982) attachment theory has generated an enormous body of research and conceptual elaborations. Although attachment theory and research propose that attachment security provides a person with many adaptive advantages, during all phases of the life cycle, numerous studies indicate that almost half of the human species can be classified as insecurely attached or insecure with respect to attachment. It seems odd that evolution left humans in this vulnerable position, unless there are some advantages to individuals or groups, under at least some conditions, of anxious and avoidant attachment styles. I argue that a social group containing members with different attachment patterns may be more conducive to survival than a homogeneous group of securely attached individuals because each attachment disposition has specific adaptive advantages that promote the survival of the individual and people around him or her when facing threats and perils. In making this argument, I extend the scope of attachment theory and research by considering a broader range of adaptive functions of insecure attachment strategies, and present data to support my argument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsachi Ein-Dor
- Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, School of Psychology Herzliya, Israel
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Voss A, Schwieren C. The dynamics of motivated perception: Effects of control and status on the perception of ambivalent stimuli. Cogn Emot 2014; 29:1411-23. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.984660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kelley NJ, Tang D, Schmeichel BJ. Mortality salience biases attention to positive versus negative images among individuals higher in trait self-control. Cogn Emot 2013; 28:550-9. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2013.840269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Ham J, Midden CJH. A Persuasive Robot to Stimulate Energy Conservation: The Influence of Positive and Negative Social Feedback and Task Similarity on Energy-Consumption Behavior. Int J Soc Robot 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12369-013-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reckless GE, Bolstad I, Nakstad PH, Andreassen OA, Jensen J. Motivation alters response bias and neural activation patterns in a perceptual decision-making task. Neuroscience 2013; 238:135-47. [PMID: 23428623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motivation has been demonstrated to affect individuals' response strategies in economic decision-making, however, little is known about how motivation influences perceptual decision-making behavior or its related neural activity. Given the important role motivation plays in shaping our behavior, a better understanding of this relationship is needed. A block-design, continuous performance, perceptual decision-making task where participants were asked to detect a picture of an animal among distractors was used during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The effect of positive and negative motivation on sustained activity within regions of the brain thought to underlie decision-making was examined by altering the monetary contingency associated with the task. In addition, signal detection theory was used to investigate the effect of motivation on detection sensitivity, response bias and response time. While both positive and negative motivation resulted in increased sustained activation in the ventral striatum, fusiform gyrus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, only negative motivation resulted in the adoption of a more liberal, closer to optimal response bias. This shift toward a liberal response bias correlated with increased activation in the left DLPFC, but did not result in improved task performance. The present findings suggest that motivation alters aspects of the way perceptual decisions are made. Further, this altered response behavior is reflected in a change in left DLPFC activation, a region involved in the computation of perceptual decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Reckless
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Schwager S, Rothermund K. Counter-regulation triggered by emotions: positive/negative affective states elicit opposite valence biases in affective processing. Cogn Emot 2012; 27:839-55. [PMID: 23237331 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2012.750599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether counter-regulation in affective processing is triggered by emotions. Automatic attention allocation to valent stimuli was measured in the context of positive and negative affective states. Valence biases were assessed by comparing the detection of positive versus negative words in a visual search task (Experiment 1) or by comparing interference effects of positive and negative distractor words in an emotional Stroop task (Experiment 2). Imagining a hypothetical emotional situation (Experiment 1) or watching romantic versus depressing movie clips (Experiment 2) increased attention allocation to stimuli that were opposite in valence to the current emotional state. Counter-regulation is assumed to reflect a basic mechanism underlying implicit emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schwager
- Institut für Psychologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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Notebaert L, Crombez G, Vogt J, De Houwer J, Van Damme S, Theeuwes J. Attempts to control pain prioritize attention towards signals of pain: An experimental study. Pain 2011; 152:1068-1073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Shimansky YP. State estimation bias induced by optimization under uncertainty and error cost asymmetry is likely reflected in perception. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2011; 104:225-233. [PMID: 21523488 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-011-0431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well known from numerous studies that perception can be significantly affected by intended action in many everyday situations, indicating that perception and related decision-making is not a simple, one-way sequence, but a complex iterative cognitive process. However, the underlying functional mechanisms are yet unclear. Based on an optimality approach, a quantitative computational model of one such mechanism has been developed in this study. It is assumed in the model that significant uncertainty about task-related parameters of the environment results in parameter estimation errors and an optimal control system should minimize the cost of such errors in terms of the optimality criterion. It is demonstrated that, if the cost of a parameter estimation error is significantly asymmetrical with respect to error direction, the tendency to minimize error cost creates a systematic deviation of the optimal parameter estimate from its maximum likelihood value. Consequently, optimization of parameter estimate and optimization of control action cannot be performed separately from each other under parameter uncertainty combined with asymmetry of estimation error cost, thus making the certainty equivalence principle non-applicable under those conditions. A hypothesis that not only the action, but also perception itself is biased by the above deviation of parameter estimate is supported by ample experimental evidence. The results provide important insights into the cognitive mechanisms of interaction between sensory perception and planning an action under realistic conditions. Implications for understanding related functional mechanisms of optimal control in the CNS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Shimansky
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA.
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Rothermund K, Gast A, Wentura D. Incongruency effects in affective processing: Automatic motivational counter-regulation or mismatch-induced salience? Cogn Emot 2011; 25:413-25. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2010.537075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Two basic principles governing the motivational regulation of automatic affective processing are described and relevant evidence is reviewed. According to the counter-regulation principle, attention is automatically allocated to information that is opposite in valence to current motivational states: A positive outcome focus increases the salience of negative information whereas a negative outcome focus induces an attentional focus on positive information. Counter-regulation in automatic affective processing prevents motivational states from escalating or becoming chronic. According to the control-dependency principle, processing of information is characterized by a problem focus (negativity bias) if goal pursuit is experienced as controllable, whereas experiencing a lack of control over important outcomes is accompanied by an enhancement focus (positivity bias). Control-dependency of affective processing promotes persistent goal pursuit in the face of controllable challenges, and facilitates the acceptance of a given situation and disengagement from blocked goals.
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Abstract
This article had four goals. First, the authors identified a set of general challenges and questions that a life-span theory of development should address. Second, they presented a comprehensive account of their Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. They integrated the model of optimization in primary and secondary control and the action-phase model of developmental regulation with their original life-span theory of control to present a comprehensive theory of development. Third, they reviewed the relevant empirical literature testing key propositions of the Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. Finally, because the conceptual reach of their theory goes far beyond the current empirical base, they pointed out areas that deserve further and more focused empirical inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Heckhausen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-7085, USA.
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Abstract
This article had four goals. First, the authors identified a set of general challenges and questions that a life-span theory of development should address. Second, they presented a comprehensive account of their Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. They integrated the model of optimization in primary and secondary control and the action-phase model of developmental regulation with their original life-span theory of control to present a comprehensive theory of development. Third, they reviewed the relevant empirical literature testing key propositions of the Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. Finally, because the conceptual reach of their theory goes far beyond the current empirical base, they pointed out areas that deserve further and more focused empirical inquiry.
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Ham J, Midden C. A Persuasive Robotic Agent to Save Energy: The Influence of Social Feedback, Feedback Valence and Task Similarity on Energy Conservation Behavior. SOCIAL ROBOTICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17248-9_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Voss A, Rothermund K, Brandtstädter J. Interpreting ambiguous stimuli: Separating perceptual and judgmental biases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Ouwehand C, de Ridder DTD, Bensing JM. The characteristics of a potential goal threat predict attention and information-seeking in middle-aged and older adults. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-008-9088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Boerner K, Jopp D. Improvement/Maintenance and Reorientation as Central Features of Coping with Major Life Change and Loss: Contributions of Three Life-Span Theories. Hum Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1159/000103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rothermund K, Bak PM, Brandtstädter J. Biases in self-evaluation: moderating effects of attribute controllability. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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