1
|
An ozonesonde evaluation of spaceborne observations in the Andean tropics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15942. [PMID: 36153407 PMCID: PMC9509352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite observations of ozone in the tropics have feedback from in situ measurements at sea level stations, but the tropical Andes is a region that is yet to be included in systematic validations. In this work, ozonesondes launched from the equatorial Andes were used to evaluate total column ozone (TCO) measured by spaceborne sensors TROPOMI/S5P (2018–2021), GOME-2/MetOp-B, OMI/Aura, and OMPS/Suomi NPP (2014–2021). Likewise, we evaluated tropospheric column ozone (TrCO) measured by the first two. Additionally, we evaluated TCO and TrCO from reanalysis products MERRA-2 and CAMS-EAC4. Results indicate that TCO observations by OMPS/Suomi NPP produce the closest comparison to ozonesondes (− 0.2% mean difference) followed by OMI/Aura (+ 1.2% mean difference). Thus, they outperform the sensor with the highest spatial resolution of current satellite measurements, namely TROPOMI/S5P (+ 3.7% mean difference). This overprediction is similar to the one encountered for GOME-2/MetOp-B (+ 3.2% mean difference). A positive bias with respect to soundings was also identified in TrCO measured by TROPOMI/S5P (+ 32.5% mean difference). It was found that the climatology used by TROPOMI overpredicts ozone in the troposphere when compared with the mean of Andes measurements, while both data sets are essentially the same in the stratosphere. Regarding reanalysis products, MERRA-2 compares better to ozonesondes than CAMS, both for TCO and TrCO (mean differences are 1.9% vs. 3.3%, and 11.5% vs. 22.9%, respectively). Identifying spaceborne ozone measurements that currently perform the best over the region is relevant given the present conditions of rapidly changing atmospheric composition. At the same time, ozonesonde data in this work offer an opportunity to improve satellite observations in the Andean tropics, a challenging region for space measurements.
Collapse
|
2
|
Comprehensive Characteristics of Summer Deep Convection over Tibetan Plateau and Its South Slope from the Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Observational data from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory during four summers (2014–2017) has been used to investigate deep convection systems (DCSs) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its south slope (SS). The frequency, geographical distribution diurnal variation, and vertical structure of DCSs over the TP and SS are compared among these two regions. The frequency of DCSs over the SS (0.98%) was far higher than over the TP (0.15%), suggesting that stronger DCSs occur to the east and south of the TP. The maximum number of DCS occurred in July and August. A clear diurnal variation in DCS was found over the whole region, DCSs over the TP and SS both have a greatest amplitude in the afternoon. The probability of DCSs from 1200 to 1800 local time (LT) was 76.3% and 44.1% over TP and SS respectively, whereas the probability of DCSs being generated from 2200 (LT) to 0600 on the next day LT was 0.03% and 33.1% over the TP and SS respectively. There was a very low frequency of DCSs over the TP during the night. Five special echo top heights were used to investigate the vertical structure of DCSs. DCSs over the TP were both weaker and smaller than those over the SS.
Collapse
|
3
|
The Impact of Cloud Radiative Effects on the Tropical Tropopause Layer Temperatures. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A single-column radiative-convective model (RCM) is a useful tool to investigate the physical processes that determine the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) temperature structures. Previous studies on the TTL using the RCMs, however, omitted the cloud radiative effects. In this study, we examine the impact of cloud radiative effects on the simulated TTL temperatures using an RCM. We derive the cloud radiative effects based on satellite observations, which show heating rates in the troposphere but cooling rates in the stratosphere. We find that the cloud radiative effect warms the TTL by as much as 2 K but cools the lower stratosphere by as much as −1.5 K, resulting in a thicker TTL. With (without) considering cloud radiative effects, we obtain a convection top of ≈167 hPa (≈150 hPa) with a temperature of ≈213 K (≈209 K), and a cold point at ≈87 hPa (≈94 hPa) with a temperature of ≈204 K (≈204 K). Therefore, the cloud radiative effects widen the TTL by both lowering the convection-top height and enhancing the cold-point height. We also examine the impact of TTL cirrus radiative effects on the RCM-simulated temperatures. We find that the TTL cirrus warms the TTL with a maximum temperature increase of ≈1.3 K near 110 hPa.
Collapse
|
4
|
Witte JC, Thompson AM, Smit HGJ, Vömel H, Posny F, Stübi R. First Reprocessing of Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) Profile Records: 3. Uncertainty in Ozone Profile and Total Column. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:3243-3268. [PMID: 33154879 PMCID: PMC7641110 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reprocessed ozonesonde data from eight SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes) sites have been used to derive the first analysis of uncertainty estimates for both profile and total column ozone (TCO). The ozone uncertainty is a composite of the uncertainties of the individual terms in the ozone partial pressure (PO3) equation, those being the ozone sensor current, background current, internal pump temperature, pump efficiency factors, conversion efficiency, and flow-rate. Overall, PO3 uncertainties (ΔPO3) are within 15% and peak around the tropopause (15±3km) where ozone is a minimum and ΔPO3 approaches the measured signal. The uncertainty in the background and sensor currents dominate the overall ΔPO3 in the troposphere including the tropopause region, while the uncertainties in the conversion efficiency and flow-rate dominate in the stratosphere. Seasonally, ΔPO3 is generally a maximum in the March-May, with the exception of SHADOZ sites in Asia, for which the highest ΔPO3 occurs in September-February. As a first approach, we calculate sonde TCO uncertainty (ΔTCO) by integrating the profile ΔPO3 and adding the ozone residual uncertainty, derived from the McPeters and Labow [2012] 1-σ ozone mixing ratios. Overall, ΔTCO are within ±15 DU, representing ~5-6% of the TCO. TOMS and OMI satellite overpasses are generally within the sonde ΔTCO. However, there is a discontinuity between TOMS v8.6 (1998-2004/09) and OMI (2004/10-2016) TCO on the order of 10DU that accounts for the significant 16DU overall difference observed between sonde and TOMS. By comparison, the sonde-OMI absolute difference for the eight stations is only ~4DU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn C Witte
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Herman G J Smit
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere: Troposphere, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Holger Vömel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Françoise Posny
- Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105 (Université, Météo-France, CNRS), La Réunion, France
| | - Rene Stübi
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kubokawa H, Fujiwara M, Nasuno T, Miura M, Yamamoto MK, Satoh M. Analysis of the tropical tropopause layer using the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM): 2. An experiment under the atmospheric conditions of December 2006 to January 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
6
|
de Laat ATJ, Stein Zweers DC, Boers R, Tuinder ONE. A solar escalator: Observational evidence of the self-lifting of smoke and aerosols by absorption of solar radiation in the February 2009 Australian Black Saturday plume. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Homeyer CR, Bowman KP, Pan LL, Zondlo MA, Bresch JF. Convective injection into stratospheric intrusions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Avery M, Twohy C, McCabe D, Joiner J, Severance K, Atlas E, Blake D, Bui TP, Crounse J, Dibb J, Diskin G, Lawson P, McGill M, Rogers D, Sachse G, Scheuer E, Thompson AM, Trepte C, Wennberg P, Ziemke J. Convective distribution of tropospheric ozone and tracers in the Central American ITCZ region: Evidence from observations during TC4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Selkirk HB, Vömel H, Valverde Canossa JM, Pfister L, Diaz JA, Fernández W, Amador J, Stolz W, Peng GS. Detailed structure of the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere as revealed by balloon sonde observations of water vapor, ozone, temperature, and winds during the NASA TCSP and TC4 campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Toon OB, Starr DO, Jensen EJ, Newman PA, Platnick S, Schoeberl MR, Wennberg PO, Wofsy SC, Kurylo MJ, Maring H, Jucks KW, Craig MS, Vasques MF, Pfister L, Rosenlof KH, Selkirk HB, Colarco PR, Kawa SR, Mace GG, Minnis P, Pickering KE. Planning, implementation, and first results of the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Kubokawa H, Fujiwara M, Nasuno T, Satoh M. Analysis of the tropical tropopause layer using the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM): Aqua planet experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Yang Q, Fu Q, Hu Y. Radiative impacts of clouds in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Ploeger F, Konopka P, Günther G, Grooß JU, Müller R. Impact of the vertical velocity scheme on modeling transport in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Konopka P, Grooß JU, Plöger F, Müller R. Annual cycle of horizontal in-mixing into the lower tropical stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
15
|
Bony S, Risi C, Vimeux F. Influence of convective processes on the isotopic composition (δ18O andδD) of precipitation and water vapor in the tropics: 1. Radiative-convective equilibrium and Tropical Ocean–Global Atmosphere–Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Bell SW, Geller MA. Tropopause inversion layer: Seasonal and latitudinal variations and representation in standard radiosonde data and global models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W. Bell
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - Marvin A. Geller
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gettelman A, Birner T. Insights into Tropical Tropopause Layer processes using global models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
18
|
Nassar R, Bernath PF, Boone CD, Gettelman A, McLeod SD, Rinsland CP. Variability in HDO/H2O abundance ratios in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Wong S, Dessler AE. Regulation of H2O and CO in tropical tropopause layer by the Madden-Julian oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Spackman JR, Weinstock EM, Anderson JG, Hurst DF, Jost HJ, Schauffler SM. Aircraft observations of rapid meridional transport from the tropical tropopause layer into the lowermost stratosphere: Implications for midlatitude ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Takashima H, Shiotani M. Ozone variation in the tropical tropopause layer as seen from ozonesonde data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Martin RV, Sauvage B, Folkins I, Sioris CE, Boone C, Bernath P, Ziemke J. Space-based constraints on the production of nitric oxide by lightning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Levine JG, Braesicke P, Harris NRP, Savage NH, Pyle JA. Pathways and timescales for troposphere-to-stratosphere transport via the tropical tropopause layer and their relevance for very short lived substances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Shibata T, Vömel H, Hamdi S, Kaloka S, Hasebe F, Fujiwara M, Shiotani M. Tropical cirrus clouds near cold point tropopause under ice supersaturated conditions observed by lidar and balloon-borne cryogenic frost point hygrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Immler F, Krüger K, Tegtmeier S, Fujiwara M, Fortuin P, Verver G, Schrems O. Cirrus clouds, humidity, and dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer observed at Paramaribo, Suriname (5.8°N, 55.2°W). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
26
|
Folkins I, Bernath P, Boone C, Donner LJ, Eldering A, Lesins G, Martin RV, Sinnhuber BM, Walker K. Testing convective parameterizations with tropical measurements of HNO3
, CO, H2
O, and O3
: Implications for the water vapor budget. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Folkins
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - P. Bernath
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - C. Boone
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - L. J. Donner
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - A. Eldering
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - Glen Lesins
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - R. V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - B.-M. Sinnhuber
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - K. Walker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
MacKenzie AR, Schiller C, Peter T, Adriani A, Beuermann J, Bujok O, Cairo F, Corti T, DiDonfrancesco G, Gensch I, Kiemle C, Krämer M, Kröger C, Merkulov S, Oulanovsky A, Ravegnani F, Rohs S, Rudakov V, Salter P, Santacesaria V, Stefanutti L, Yushkov V. Tropopause and hygropause variability over the equatorial Indian Ocean during February and March 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Richard EC, Tuck AF, Aikin KC, Kelly KK, Herman RL, Troy RF, Hovde SJ, Rosenlof KH, Thompson TL, Ray EA. High-resolution airborne profiles of CH4, O3, and water vapor near tropical Central America in late January to early February 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
29
|
Coffey MT, Hannigan JW, Goldman A. Observations of upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric water vapor and its isotopes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Dessler AE, Palm SP, Hart WD, Spinhirne JD. Tropopause-level thin cirrus coverage revealed by ICESat/Geoscience Laser Altimeter System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
31
|
Wang PH, Fishman J, Harvey VL, Hitchman MH. Southern tropical upper tropospheric zonal ozone wave-1 from SAGE II observations (1985–2002). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
32
|
Dessler AE, Palm SP, Spinhirne JD. Tropical cloud-top height distributions revealed by the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)/Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
33
|
Gettelman A. Simulations of water isotope abundances in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and implications for stratosphere troposphere exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
34
|
Kuell V. Tropopause region temperatures and CFC 11 mixing ratios from CRISTA 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Fueglistaler S, Wernli H, Peter T. Tropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport inferred from trajectory calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Fueglistaler
- Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; Zürich Switzerland
| | - H. Wernli
- Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; Zürich Switzerland
| | - T. Peter
- Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ray EA. Distributions of ozone in the region of the subtropical jet: An analysis of in situ aircraft measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Küpper C. Mass and water transport into the tropical stratosphere: A cloud-resolving simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
Fujiwara M, Xie SP, Shiotani M, Hashizume H, Hasebe F, Vömel H, Oltmans SJ, Watanabe T. Upper-tropospheric inversion and easterly jet in the tropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - S.-P. Xie
- International Pacific Research Center and Department of Meteorology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - M. Shiotani
- Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere; Kyoto University; Uji, Kyoto Japan
| | - H. Hashizume
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - F. Hasebe
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - H. Vömel
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. J. Oltmans
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. Watanabe
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science; Fisheries Research Agency; Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Thompson AM. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 2. Tropospheric variability and the zonal wave-one. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
Jordan CE. 10Be/7Be tracer of atmospheric transport and stratosphere-troposphere exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
43
|
Santacesaria V. Clouds at the tropical tropopause: A case study during the APE-THESEO campaign over the western Indian Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
44
|
Valks PJM. Variability in tropical tropospheric ozone: Analysis with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment observations and a global model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
Folkins I, Kelly KK, Weinstock EM. A simple explanation for the increase in relative humidity between 11 and 14 km in the tropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Folkins
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - K. K. Kelly
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. M. Weinstock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Williams J. Near equatorial CO and O3profiles over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon: High O3levels in the middle troposphere and interhemispheric exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
47
|
Vömel H. Balloon-borne observations of water vapor and ozone in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
48
|
Martin RV. Interpretation of TOMS observations of tropical tropospheric ozone with a global model and in situ observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
Fischer H. Synoptic tracer gradients in the upper troposphere over central Canada during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Experiments by Aircraft Measurements 1998 summer campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
50
|
|