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Thompson AM, Smit HGJ, Witte JC, Stauffer RM, Johnson BJ, Morris G, von der Gathen P, Van Malderen R, Davies J, Piters A, Allaart M, Posny F, Kivi R, Cullis P, Anh NTH, Corrales E, Machinini T, da Silva FR, Paiman G, Thiong’o K, Zainal Z, Brothers GB, Wolff KR, Nakano T, Stübi R, Romanens G, Coetzee GJR, Diaz JA, Mitro S, ‘bt Mohamad M, Ogino SY. Ozonesonde Quality Assurance: The JOSIE-SHADOZ (2017) Experience. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 2019; 100:155-171. [PMID: 33005057 PMCID: PMC7526588 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-17-0311.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ozonesonde is a small balloon-borne instrument that is attached to a standard radiosonde to measure profiles of ozone from the surface to 35 km with ~100-m vertical resolution. Ozonesonde data constitute a mainstay of satellite calibration and are used for climatologies and analysis of trends, especially in the lower stratosphere where satellites are most uncertain. The electrochemical-concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde has been deployed at ~100 stations worldwide since the 1960s, with changes over time in manufacture and procedures, including details of the cell chemical solution and data processing. As a consequence, there are biases among different stations and discontinuities in profile time-series from individual site records. For 22 years the Jülich [Germany] Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment (JOSIE) has periodically tested ozonesondes in a simulation chamber designated the World Calibration Centre for Ozonesondes (WCCOS) by WMO. In October-November 2017 a JOSIE campaign evaluated the sondes and procedures used in SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes), a 14-station sonde network operating in the tropics and subtropics. A distinctive feature of the 2017 JOSIE was that the tests were conducted by operators from eight SHADOZ stations. Experimental protocols for the SHADOZ sonde configurations, which represent most of those in use today, are described, along with preliminary results. SHADOZ stations that follow WMO-recommended protocols record total ozone within 3% of the JOSIE reference instrument. These results and prior JOSIEs demonstrate that regular testing is essential to maintain best practices in ozonesonde operations and to ensure high-quality data for the satellite and ozone assessment communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herman G. J. Smit
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere: Troposphere, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jacquelyn C Witte
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
| | - Ryan M. Stauffer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
| | - Bryan J. Johnson
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO
| | - Gary Morris
- St. Edwards University, Natural Sciences, Austin, TX
| | | | | | - Jonathan Davies
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ankie Piters
- Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, de Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Allaart
- Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, de Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Françoise Posny
- Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105 (Université, Météo- France, CNRS), La Réunion, France
| | - Rigel Kivi
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland
| | - Patrick Cullis
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO
| | | | | | | | - Francisco R. da Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental and Tropical Variables, Brazilian Institute of Space Research, Natal, Brazil
| | - George Paiman
- Meteorological Service of Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam
| | | | - Zamuna Zainal
- Malaysian Meteorological Department, Atmospheric Science and Cloud Seeding Division, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Katherine R. Wolff
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
- NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Is., VA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge A. Diaz
- University of Costa Rica, San José, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Sukarni Mitro
- Meteorological Service of Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam
| | - Maznorizan ‘bt Mohamad
- Malaysian Meteorological Department, Atmospheric Science and Cloud Seeding Division, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shin-Ya Ogino
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Department of Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Processes Research, Yokosuka, Japan
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Stauffer RM, Thompson AM, Witte JC. Characterizing Global Ozonesonde Profile Variability from Surface to the UT/LS with a Clustering Technique and MERRA-2 Reanalysis. J Geophys Res Atmos 2018; 123:6213-6229. [PMID: 33101823 PMCID: PMC7580826 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies employing the self-organizing map (SOM) clustering technique to ozonesonde data have found significant links among meteorological and chemical regimes, and the shape of the ozone (O3) profile from the troposphere to the lower stratosphere. These studies, which focused on specific northern hemisphere mid-latitude geographical regions, demonstrated the advantages of SOM clustering by quantifying O3 profile variability and the O3/meteorological correspondence. We expand SOM to a global set of ozonesonde profiles spanning 1980-present from 30 sites to summarize the connections among O3 profiles, meteorology, and chemistry, using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis and other ancillary data. Four clusters of O3 mixing ratio profiles from the surface to the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) are generated for each site, which show dominant profile shapes and typical seasonality (or lack thereof) that generally correspond to latitude (i.e. Tropical, Subtropical, Mid-Latitude, Polar). Examination of MERRA-2 output reveals a clear relationship among SOM clusters and covarying meteorological fields (geopotential height, potential vorticity, and tropopause height) for Polar and Mid-latitude sites. However, these relationships break down within ±30° latitude. Carbon monoxide satellite data, along with velocity potential, a proxy for convection, calculated from MERRA-2 wind fields assist characterization of the Tropical and Subtropical sites, where biomass burning and convective transport linked to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) dominate O3 variability. In addition to geophysical characterization of O3 profile variability, these results can be used to evaluate chemical transport model output and satellite measurements of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Stauffer
- Universities Space Research Association c/o Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Witte JC, Thompson AM, Smit HGJ, Vömel H, Posny F, Stübi R. First Reprocessing of Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) Profile Records: 3. Uncertainty in Ozone Profile and Total Column. J Geophys Res Atmos 2018; 123:3243-3268. [PMID: 33154879 PMCID: PMC7641110 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reprocessed ozonesonde data from eight SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes) sites have been used to derive the first analysis of uncertainty estimates for both profile and total column ozone (TCO). The ozone uncertainty is a composite of the uncertainties of the individual terms in the ozone partial pressure (PO3) equation, those being the ozone sensor current, background current, internal pump temperature, pump efficiency factors, conversion efficiency, and flow-rate. Overall, PO3 uncertainties (ΔPO3) are within 15% and peak around the tropopause (15±3km) where ozone is a minimum and ΔPO3 approaches the measured signal. The uncertainty in the background and sensor currents dominate the overall ΔPO3 in the troposphere including the tropopause region, while the uncertainties in the conversion efficiency and flow-rate dominate in the stratosphere. Seasonally, ΔPO3 is generally a maximum in the March-May, with the exception of SHADOZ sites in Asia, for which the highest ΔPO3 occurs in September-February. As a first approach, we calculate sonde TCO uncertainty (ΔTCO) by integrating the profile ΔPO3 and adding the ozone residual uncertainty, derived from the McPeters and Labow [2012] 1-σ ozone mixing ratios. Overall, ΔTCO are within ±15 DU, representing ~5-6% of the TCO. TOMS and OMI satellite overpasses are generally within the sonde ΔTCO. However, there is a discontinuity between TOMS v8.6 (1998-2004/09) and OMI (2004/10-2016) TCO on the order of 10DU that accounts for the significant 16DU overall difference observed between sonde and TOMS. By comparison, the sonde-OMI absolute difference for the eight stations is only ~4DU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn C Witte
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Herman G J Smit
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere: Troposphere, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Holger Vömel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Françoise Posny
- Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105 (Université, Météo-France, CNRS), La Réunion, France
| | - Rene Stübi
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
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Thompson AM, Miller SK, Tilmes S, Kollonige DW, Witte JC, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Fujiwara M, Schmidlin FJ, Coetzee GJR, Komala N, Maata M, bt Mohamad M, Nguyo J, Mutai C, Ogino SY, Da Silva FR, Leme NMP, Posny F, Scheele R, Selkirk HB, Shiotani M, Stübi R, Levrat G, Calpini B, Thouret V, Tsuruta H, Canossa JV, Vömel H, Yonemura S, Diaz JA, Tan Thanh NT, Thuy Ha HT. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thompson AM, Allen AL, Lee S, Miller SK, Witte JC. Gravity and Rossby wave signatures in the tropical troposphere and lower stratosphere based on Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ), 1998–2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nardi B, Gille JC, Barnett JJ, Randall CE, Harvey VL, Waterfall A, Reburn WJ, Leblanc T, McGee TJ, Twigg LW, Thompson AM, Godin-Beekmann S, Bernath PF, Bojkov BR, Boone CD, Cavanaugh C, Coffey MT, Craft J, Craig C, Dean V, Eden TD, Francis G, Froidevaux L, Halvorson C, Hannigan JW, Hepplewhite CL, Kinnison DE, Khosravi R, Krinsky C, Lambert A, Lee H, Loh J, Massie ST, McDermid IS, Packman D, Torpy B, Valverde-Canossa J, Walker KA, Whiteman DN, Witte JC, Young G. Initial validation of ozone measurements from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stajner I, Wargan K, Pawson S, Hayashi H, Chang LP, Hudman RC, Froidevaux L, Livesey N, Levelt PF, Thompson AM, Tarasick DW, Stübi R, Andersen SB, Yela M, König-Langlo G, Schmidlin FJ, Witte JC. Assimilated ozone from EOS-Aura: Evaluation of the tropopause region and tropospheric columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nassar R, Logan JA, Worden HM, Megretskaia IA, Bowman KW, Osterman GB, Thompson AM, Tarasick DW, Austin S, Claude H, Dubey MK, Hocking WK, Johnson BJ, Joseph E, Merrill J, Morris GA, Newchurch M, Oltmans SJ, Posny F, Schmidlin FJ, Vömel H, Whiteman DN, Witte JC. Validation of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) nadir ozone profiles using ozonesonde measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Smit HGJ, Straeter W, Johnson BJ, Oltmans SJ, Davies J, Tarasick DW, Hoegger B, Stubi R, Schmidlin FJ, Northam T, Thompson AM, Witte JC, Boyd I, Posny F. Assessment of the performance of ECC-ozonesondes under quasi-flight conditions in the environmental simulation chamber: Insights from the Juelich Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment (JOSIE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Thompson AM, Stone JB, Witte JC, Miller SK, Pierce RB, Chatfield RB, Oltmans SJ, Cooper OR, Loucks AL, Taubman BF, Johnson BJ, Joseph E, Kucsera TL, Merrill JT, Morris GA, Hersey S, Forbes G, Newchurch MJ, Schmidlin FJ, Tarasick DW, Thouret V, Cammas JP. Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) 2004: 1. Summertime upper troposphere/lower stratosphere ozone over northeastern North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thompson AM, Stone JB, Witte JC, Miller SK, Oltmans SJ, Kucsera TL, Ross KL, Pickering KE, Merrill JT, Forbes G, Tarasick DW, Joseph E, Schmidlin FJ, McMillan WW, Warner J, Hintsa EJ, Johnson JE. Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) 2004: 2. Tropospheric ozone budgets and variability over northeastern North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thompson AM, Witte JC, Smit HGJ, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Kirchhoff VWJH, Schmidlin FJ. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2004 tropical ozone climatology: 3. Instrumentation, station-to-station variability, and evaluation with simulated flight profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Morris GA, Hersey S, Thompson AM, Pawson S, Nielsen JE, Colarco PR, McMillan WW, Stohl A, Turquety S, Warner J, Johnson BJ, Kucsera TL, Larko DE, Oltmans SJ, Witte JC. Alaskan and Canadian forest fires exacerbate ozone pollution over Houston, Texas, on 19 and 20 July 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pickering KE, Thompson AM, Kim H, DeCaria AJ, Pfister L, Kucsera TL, Witte JC, Avery MA, Blake DR, Crawford JH, Heikes BG, Sachse GW, Sandholm ST, Talbot RW. Trace gas transport and scavenging in PEM-Tropics B South Pacific Convergence Zone convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
New methods for retrieving tropospheric ozone column depth and absorbing aerosol (smoke and dust) from the Earth Probe-Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP/TOMS) are used to follow pollution and to determine interannual variability and trends. During intense fires over Indonesia (August to November 1997), ozone plumes, decoupled from the smoke below, extended as far as India. This ozone overlay a regional ozone increase triggered by atmospheric responses to the El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole. Tropospheric ozone and smoke aerosol measurements from the Nimbus 7 TOMS instrument show El Niño signals but no tropospheric ozone trend in the 1980s. Offsets between smoke and ozone seasonal maxima point to multiple factors determining tropical tropospheric ozone variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thompson
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 916, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
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Witte JC, Folkins IA, Neima J, Ridley BA, Walega JG, Weinheimer AJ. Large-scale enhancements in NO/NOyfrom subsonic aircraft emissions: Comparisons with observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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