1
|
Dasari S, Andersson A, Popa ME, Röckmann T, Holmstrand H, Budhavant K, Gustafsson Ö. Observational Evidence of Large Contribution from Primary Sources for Carbon Monoxide in the South Asian Outflow. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:165-174. [PMID: 34914368 PMCID: PMC8733925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
South Asian air is among the most polluted in the world, causing premature death of millions and asserting a strong perturbation of the regional climate. A central component is carbon monoxide (CO), which is a key modulator of the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and a potent indirect greenhouse gas. While CO concentrations are declining elsewhere, South Asia exhibits an increasing trend for unresolved reasons. In this paper, we use dual-isotope (δ13C and δ18O) fingerprinting of CO intercepted in the South Asian outflow to constrain the relative contributions from primary and secondary CO sources. Results show that combustion-derived primary sources dominate the wintertime continental CO fingerprint (fprimary ∼ 79 ± 4%), significantly higher than the global estimate (fprimary ∼ 55 ± 5%). Satellite-based inventory estimates match isotope-constrained fprimary-CO, suggesting observational convergence in source characterization and a prospect for model-observation reconciliation. This "ground-truthing" emphasizes the pressing need to mitigate incomplete combustion activities for climate/air quality benefits in South Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Dasari
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - August Andersson
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Popa
- Institute
for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CC, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute
for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CC, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Holmstrand
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Krishnakant Budhavant
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
- Maldives
Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo (MCOH), Maldives Meteorological Services, Hanimaadhoo 02020, Republic
of the Maldives
- Centre
for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Divecha Centre for Climate
Change, Indian Institute of Sciences (IISC), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Örjan Gustafsson
- Department
of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ubiquitous atmospheric production of organic acids mediated by cloud droplets. Nature 2021; 593:233-237. [PMID: 33981052 PMCID: PMC8116209 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric acidity is increasingly determined by carbon dioxide and organic acids1-3. Among the latter, formic acid facilitates the nucleation of cloud droplets4 and contributes to the acidity of clouds and rainwater1,5. At present, chemistry-climate models greatly underestimate the atmospheric burden of formic acid, because key processes related to its sources and sinks remain poorly understood2,6-9. Here we present atmospheric chamber experiments that show that formaldehyde is efficiently converted to gaseous formic acid via a multiphase pathway that involves its hydrated form, methanediol. In warm cloud droplets, methanediol undergoes fast outgassing but slow dehydration. Using a chemistry-climate model, we estimate that the gas-phase oxidation of methanediol produces up to four times more formic acid than all other known chemical sources combined. Our findings reconcile model predictions and measurements of formic acid abundance. The additional formic acid burden increases atmospheric acidity by reducing the pH of clouds and rainwater by up to 0.3. The diol mechanism presented here probably applies to other aldehydes and may help to explain the high atmospheric levels of other organic acids that affect aerosol growth and cloud evolution.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hashimoto C, Tonokura K. Development of a Real-time Device for Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide Measurement Combined with Mid-infrared Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park K, Rhee TS. Oceanic source strength of carbon monoxide on the basis of basin-wide observations in the Atlantic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:104-114. [PMID: 26648555 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We measured the carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the marine boundary layer and the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean from 50°N to 50°S during the UK Atlantic Meridional Transect expedition (AMT-7) in October 1998, covering the open ocean and coastal regions. Throughout the cruise track, atmospheric CO concentrations continually decreased southwards in the northern hemisphere with sporadic low and high concentrations encountered. South of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) atmospheric CO was enhanced by ∼10 ppb compared to north of the ITCZ due likely to biomass burning emissions prevailing in the tropical continents. The remainder of the southern hemisphere remains nearly invariable except for the vicinity of Rio de la Plata. The surface seawater was supersaturated everywhere along the track and its saturation anomaly oscillated up to 90, exhibiting a typical diurnal cycle. The maximal dissolved CO concentration in the diurnal cycle appeared 2-5 hours behind the local maximum of solar insolation in the open ocean and the time lag further increased in the coastal region. The global ocean flux of CO to the atmosphere was estimated to be 14 Tg(CO) a(-1) within the range of 4-24 Tg(CO) a(-1). This is within uncertainty almost identical to what was estimated on the basis of the basin-wide observations in the Pacific and the Atlantic, but more than ∼4 times lower than the values appeared in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports.
Collapse
|
5
|
Joint Application of Concentration and δ18O to Investigate the Global Atmospheric CO Budget. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Wang Z, Chappellaz J, Park K, Mak JE. Large Variations in Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning During the Last 650 Years. Science 2010; 330:1663-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1197257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
7
|
Biomass burning in Amazonia: Emissions, long-range transport of smoke and its regional and remote impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008gm000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Bian H, Chin M, Kawa SR, Duncan B, Arellano A, Kasibhatla P. Sensitivity of global CO simulations to uncertainties in biomass burning sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Duncan BN, Logan JA, Bey I, Megretskaia IA, Yantosca RM, Novelli PC, Jones NB, Rinsland CP. Global budget of CO, 1988–1997: Source estimates and validation with a global model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Stavrakou T, Müller JF. Grid-based versus big region approach for inverting CO emissions using Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Zhang S, Penner JE, Torres O. Inverse modeling of biomass burning emissions using Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer aerosol index for 1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
13
|
Allen D. Evaluation of pollutant outflow and CO sources during TRACE-P using model-calculated, aircraft-based, and Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT)-derived CO concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Ito A. Global estimates of biomass burning emissions based on satellite imagery for the year 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Jones DBA, Bowman KW, Palmer PI, Worden JR, Jacob DJ, Hoffman RN, Bey I, Yantosca RM. Potential of observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer to constrain continental sources of carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B. A. Jones
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Kevin W. Bowman
- California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - Paul I. Palmer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - John R. Worden
- California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Ross N. Hoffman
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.; Lexington Massachusetts USA
| | - Isabelle Bey
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brenninkmeijer CAM, Janssen C, Kaiser J, Röckmann T, Rhee TS, Assonov SS. Isotope Effects in the Chemistry of Atmospheric Trace Compounds. Chem Rev 2003; 103:5125-62. [PMID: 14664646 DOI: 10.1021/cr020644k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
von Kuhlmann R, Lawrence MG, Crutzen PJ, Rasch PJ. A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons: Model description and ozone results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip J. Rasch
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
von Kuhlmann R. A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons: Model evaluation of ozone-related species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
French NHF, Kasischke ES, Williams DG. Variability in the emission of carbon-based trace gases from wildfire in the Alaskan boreal forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Pétron G, Granier C, Khattatov B, Lamarque J, Yudin V, Müller J, Gille J. Inverse modeling of carbon monoxide surface emissions using Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory network observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Pétron
- Service d'Aéronomie Université Paris 6 Paris France
- Also at Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Claire Granier
- Service d'Aéronomie Université Paris 6 Paris France
- Also at Aeronomy Laboratory, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences‐National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Also at Max‐Planck‐Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Khattatov
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jean‐Francois Lamarque
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Valery Yudin
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - John Gille
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jöckel P. The seasonal cycle of cosmogenic14CO at the surface level: A solar cycle adjusted, zonal-average climatology based on observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Oberlander EA. Trace gas measurements along the Trans-Siberian railroad: The TROICA 5 expedition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Abstract
Carboxydotrophic activity in forest soils was enriched by incubation in a flowthrough system with elevated concentrations of headspace CO (40 to 400 ppm). CO uptake increased substantially over time, while the apparent K(m) ((app)K(m)) for uptake remained similar to that of unenriched soils (<10 to 20 ppm). Carboxydotrophic activity was transferred to and further enriched in sterile sand and forest soil. The (app)K(m)s for secondary and tertiary enrichments remained similar to values for unenriched soils. CO uptake by enriched soil and freshly collected forest soil was inhibited at headspace CO concentrations greater than about 1%. A novel isolate, COX1, obtained from the enrichments was inhibited similarly. However, in contrast to extant carboxydotrophs, COX1 consumed CO with an (app)K(m) of about 15 ppm, a value comparable to that of fresh soils. Phylogenetic analysis based on approximately 1,200 bp of its 16S rRNA gene sequence suggested that the isolate is an alpha-proteobacterium most closely related to the genera Pseudaminobacter, Aminobacter, and Chelatobacter (98.1 to 98.3% sequence identity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Hardy
- Daring Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine 04573, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bergamaschi P, Lowe DC, Manning MR, Moss R, Bromley T, Clarkson TS. Transects of atmospheric CO, CH4, and their isotopic composition across the Pacific: Shipboard measurements and validation of inverse models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Gros V, Bräunlich M, Röckmann T, Jöckel P, Bergamaschi P, Brenninkmeijer CAM, Rom W, Kutschera W, Kaiser A, Scheel HE, Mandl M, van der Plicht J, Possnert G. Detailed analysis of the isotopic composition of CO and characterization of the air masses arriving at Mount Sonnblick (Austrian Alps). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E. Weston
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bergamaschi P, Bräunlich M, Marik T, Brenninkmeijer CAM. Measurements of the carbon and hydrogen isotopes of atmospheric methane at Izaña, Tenerife: Seasonal cycles and synoptic-scale variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|