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Zhao G, Hu M, Fang X, Tan T, Xiao Y, Du Z, Zheng J, Shang D, Wu Z, Guo S, Zhao C. Larger than expected variation range in the real part of the refractive index for ambient aerosols in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146443. [PMID: 33752017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The real part of the refractive index (RRI) of ambient aerosol, which is widely used in remote sensing and atmospheric models, is one of the key factors determining its particles' optical properties. The characteristics of ambient aerosol RRI in China have not yet been well studied owing to a lack of observations. For the first time, the properties of aerosol RRI were studied based on field measurements in China at four sites with different atmospheres. The results revealed that the measured ambient aerosol RRI varied significantly between 1.36 and 1.78, increasing with the mass ratio of organic components. The scattering coefficient and direct radiative effects of the aerosols were estimated to increase by factors of 2 and 3, respectively, when RRI increased from 1.36 to 1.78. Our results indicate that variation in ambient aerosol RRI should be considered in aerosol and climate models to achieve an accurate estimation of aerosol's radiative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyi Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuofei Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Morphology and mineralogy of ambient particulate matter over mid-Brahmaputra Valley: application of SEM–EDX, XRD, and FTIR techniques. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAmbient particulate matter (PM), collected during a dust event over mid-Brahmaputra Valley of India, was characterized. The PM samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The SEM micrographs revealed varied shapes of the PM, viz. spherical, irregular, angular, cluster, flaky, rod-like, crystalline and agglomerate structures indicating the probable nature of their sources and formation as biogenic, geogenic, or anthropogenic. Some biogenic particles like plant materials, pollens, and diatoms were captured under SEM. The presence of diatom in PM samples was indicative of wind-blown dust from the dried bed of the Brahmaputra River. The honeycomb-like structures of brochosomes secreted by the leafhoppers of the Cicadellidae family were also captured. On the contrary, the background sample had mostly carbonaceous particles. The XRD and FTIR analyses indicated the presence of quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, augite, and calcium aluminum silicate, cerussite, calcite, montmorllonite, and organic carbon. The airmass backward trajectory analysis explained the local contribution of the dust.
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Brostrøm A, Kling KI, Hougaard KS, Mølhave K. Complex Aerosol Characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9150. [PMID: 32499579 PMCID: PMC7272469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a central concern for public health. Current legislation relies on a mass concentration basis, despite broad acceptance that mass alone is insufficient to capture the complexity and toxicity of airborne PM, calling for additional and more comprehensive measurement techniques. We study to what extent scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) can be applied for physicochemical characterization of complex aerosols, and investigate its potential for separating particle properties on a single particle basis, even for nanosized particles. SEM/EDS analysis is performed on impactor samples of laboratory generated aerosols, consisting of either NaCl, Halloysite fibers, soot-like Printex90 agglomerates, or their combination. The analysis is automated and performed as EDS maps, covering a statistically relevant number of particles, with analysis times of approximately one hour/sample. Derived size distributions are compared to scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and electric low-pressure impactor (ELPI) results. A method is presented to estimate airborne number concentrations and size distributions directly from SEM results, within a factor 10 of SMPS and ELPI outcomes. A classification scheme is developed based on elemental composition, providing class-specific information with individual particle statistics on shape, size, and mixing state. This can identify primary particles for source apportionment and enables easy distinction between fibrous and dense particle classes, e.g. for targeted risk assessments. Overall, the SEM/EDS analysis provides a more detailed physicochemical characterization of PM than online measurements, e.g. SMPS and ELPI. The method has the potential to improve assessments of PM exposure and risk, and facilitates source identification, even without prior knowledge at sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Brostrøm
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanolab - National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Fysikvej, Building 307, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten I Kling
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanolab - National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Fysikvej, Building 307, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.,SAXOCON A/S, Bredevej 2D, 2830, Virum, Denmark
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Mølhave
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanolab - National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Fysikvej, Building 307, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Conny JM, Ortiz-Montalvo DL. Effect of heterogeneity and shape on optical properties of urban dust based on three-dimensional modeling of individual particles. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:10.1002/2017jd026488. [PMID: 32166054 PMCID: PMC7067280 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd026488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show the effect of composition heterogeneity and shape on the optical properties of urban dust particles based on the three-dimensional spatial and optical modeling of individual particles. Using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and focused ion beam (FIB) tomography, spatial models of particles collected in Los Angeles and Seattle accounted for surface features, inclusions, and voids, as well as overall composition and shape. Using voxel data from the spatial models and the discrete dipole approximation method, we report extinction efficiency, asymmetry parameter, and single-scattering albedo (SSA). Test models of the particles involved (1) the particle's actual morphology as a single homogeneous phase and (2) simple geometric shapes (spheres, cubes, and tetrahedra) depicting composition homogeneity or heterogeneity (with multiple spheres). Test models were compared with a reference model, which included the particle's actual morphology and heterogeneity based on SEM/EDX and FIB tomography. Results show particle shape to be a more important factor for determining extinction efficiency than accounting for individual phases in a particle, regardless of whether absorption or scattering dominated. In addition to homogeneous models with the particles' actual morphology, tetrahedral geometric models provided better extinction accuracy than spherical or cubic models. For iron-containing heterogeneous particles, the asymmetry parameter and SSA varied with the composition of the iron-containing phase, even if the phase was <10% of the particle volume. For particles containing loosely held phases with widely varying refractive indexes (i.e., exhibiting "severe" heterogeneity), only models that account for heterogeneity may sufficiently determine SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Conny
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Diana L Ortiz-Montalvo
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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Pavese G, Lettino A, Calvello M, Esposito F, Fiore S. Aerosol composition and properties variation at the ground and over the column under different air masses advection in South Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6546-6562. [PMID: 26635222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol composition and properties variation under the advection of different air masses were investigated, as case studies, by contemporary measurements over the atmospheric column and at the ground in a semi-rural site in South Italy. The absence of local strong sources in this area allowed to characterize background aerosol and to compare particle mixing effects under various atmospheric circulation conditions. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ǻngström parameters from radiometric measurements allowed the detection and identification of polluted, dust, and volcanic atmospheric conditions. AODs were the input for a suitable model to evaluate the columnar aerosol composition, according to six main atmospheric components (water-soluble, soot, sea salt accumulation, sea salt coarse, mineral dus,t and biological). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of particulate sampled with a 13-stage impactor at the ground showed not only fingerprints typical of the different air masses but also the effects of transport and aging on atmospheric particles, suggesting processes that changed their chemical and optical properties. Background columnar aerosol was characterized by 72% of water-soluble and soot, in agreement with ground-based findings that highlighted 60% of contribution from anthropogenic carbonate particles and soot. In general, a good agreement between ground-based and columnar results was observed. Under the advection of trans-boundary air masses, water-soluble and soot were always present in columnar aerosol, whereas, in variable percentages, sea salt and mineral particles characterized both dust and volcanic conditions. At the ground, sulfates characterized the amorphous matrix produced in finer stages by the evaporation of solutions of organic and inorganic aerosols. Sulfates were also one of the key players involved in heterogeneous chemical reactions, producing complex secondary aerosol, as such clay-sulfate internally mixed particle externally mixed with soot chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pavese
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA), C.da S. Loja, 85050, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy.
| | - A Lettino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA), C.da S. Loja, 85050, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
| | - M Calvello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA), C.da S. Loja, 85050, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
| | - F Esposito
- Università della Basilicata-Scuola di Ingegneria, C.da Macchia Romana, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - S Fiore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA), C.da S. Loja, 85050, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
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6
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Lettino A, Fiore S. Provenance of inorganic aerosol using single-particle analysis: a case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:404-413. [PMID: 23827361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 137 samples of airborne particulates with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10) were collected from April 2007 to July 2008 in four different areas (Potenza, Lavello, Viggiano, Matera) of the Basilicata region in southern Italy. A total of approximately 140,000 particles were analysed using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) equipped with an Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS). To formulate a hypothesis on the origin of particles, the dataset was numerically reduced using mineralogical criteria. Eight particle groups were established (Silicate, Silica, Carbonate, Sea Salt, Polymineral, Industrial, Sulphur, and Biogenic Particles) among which Silicate, Sulphur and Industrial Particles were found to be the most abundant. Among the Silicate Particles, the alumosilicates were the most commonly occurring particles (mineral and fly ash particles), and the presence of a small metallurgical factory located in the industrial area of Potenza significantly affects the presence of metal particles (mainly Fe-Zn spinels). The anthropogenic pressure exerted by different types of Sulphur-rich (e.g., Na-Ca-Sulphates, S-only) Particles in the other areas is most likely linked to industrial combustion processes, i.e., waste incinerator oil and oil extraction. Significant differences were found in the particulate concentrations and the compositions of samples collected in different seasons as well as during the night and daytime periods. Crustal Particles were the most abundant in spring-summer, and both Sulphur-rich Particles and Industrial Particles increased in autumn-winter. The proportion of latter category of particles increases in the samples collected during the night periods due to weather conditions (atmospheric stability, thermal inversion, etc.). Sulphur-rich Particles were observed to be more abundant during the daytime due to anthropogenic processes (combustion) and solar radiation. In summary, mineralogical and geochemical approaches are fundamental to delineate the human and natural contributions from automated microscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lettino
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy (IMAA-CNR), 85050 Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
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7
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Ebert M, Müller-Ebert D, Benker N, Weinbruch S. Source apportionment of aerosol particles near a steel plant by electron microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:3257-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em30696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Impacts of internally and externally mixed anthropogenic sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols on East Asian climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13351-011-0508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Ferrero L, Mocnik G, Ferrini BS, Perrone MG, Sangiorgi G, Bolzacchini E. Vertical profiles of aerosol absorption coefficient from micro-Aethalometer data and Mie calculation over Milan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:2824-2837. [PMID: 21546060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vertical profiles of aerosol number-size distribution and black carbon (BC) concentration were measured between ground-level and 500m AGL over Milan. A tethered balloon was fitted with an instrumentation package consisting of the newly-developed micro-Aethalometer (microAeth® Model AE51, Magee Scientific, USA), an optical particle counter, and a portable meteorological station. At the same time, PM(2.5) samples were collected both at ground-level and at a high altitude sampling site, enabling particle chemical composition to be determined. Vertical profiles and PM(2.5) data were collected both within and above the mixing layer. Absorption coefficient (b(abs)) profiles were calculated from the Aethalometer data: in order to do so, an optical enhancement factor (C), accounting for multiple light-scattering within the filter of the new microAeth® Model AE51, was determined for the first time. The value of this parameter C (2.05±0.03 at λ=880nm) was calculated by comparing the Aethalometer attenuation coefficient and aerosol optical properties determined from OPC data along vertical profiles. Mie calculations were applied to the OPC number-size distribution data, and the aerosol refractive index was calculated using the effective medium approximation applied to aerosol chemical composition. The results compare well with AERONET data. The BC and b(abs) profiles showed a sharp decrease at the mixing height (MH), and fairly constant values of b(abs) and BC were found above the MH, representing 17±2% of those values measured within the mixing layer. The BC fraction of aerosol volume was found to be lower above the MH: 48±8% of the corresponding ground-level values. A statistical mean profile was calculated, both for BC and b(abs), to better describe their behaviour; the model enabled us to compute their average behaviour as a function of height, thus laying the foundations for valid parametrizations of vertical profile data which can be useful in both remote sensing and climatic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferrero
- POLARIS Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Zhang M, Chen JM, Wang T, Cheng TT, Lin L, Bhatia RS, Hanvey M. Chemical characterization of aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean during two cruises in 2007 and 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Aubriet F, Carré V. Potential of laser mass spectrometry for the analysis of environmental dust particles—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 659:34-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Weinbruch S, Ebert M, Gorzawski H, Dirsch T, Berg T, Steinnes E. Characterisation of individual aerosol particles on moss surfaces: implications for source apportionment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:1064-71. [DOI: 10.1039/b926876f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Shi Z, He K, Xue Z, Yang F, Chen Y, Ma Y, Luo J. Properties of individual aerosol particles and their relation to air mass origins in a south China coastal city. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Shi Z, Zhang D, Ji H, Hasegawa S, Hayashi M. Modification of soot by volatile species in an urban atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 389:195-201. [PMID: 17897704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol samples in the urban atmosphere of Kumamoto (32 degrees 48'N, 134 degrees 45'E) in southwestern Japan were collected onto aluminum foil strips. Parts of the samples were heated to 550 degrees C in pure helium gas, and oxygen (2%)-helium (98%) mixture gas. Particles in unheated and heated parts were characterized individually by their morphology and elemental composition using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. There were mainly two types of soot-containing particles according to the morphology: chain-like and sub-round. Chain-like particles were likely young soot particles because such particles in heated specimens showed similar morphology to those in unheated specimen. In contrast, the sub-round particles were composed of volatile species encapsulated with soot. The heating caused partial evaporation of such particles, and the soot inclusions could be identified only after the heating. The volatile species frequently contained sulfur compounds, but sulfur was not detected in the residues, suggesting that the volatile species were mainly produced on soot particles in the atmosphere. The sub-round soot-containing particles were approximately 3 times larger in diameter than the inclusions. These results suggest that soot particles could be substantially modified in size and composition by volatile species in the urban atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbo Shi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
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15
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Hinz KP, Spengler B. Instrumentation, data evaluation and quantification in on-line aerosol mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:843-60. [PMID: 17589890 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
On-line micro- and nanoparticle mass spectrometry has evolved into a prominent analytical method for the characterization of airborne particles, particle populations and aerosols over the recent years, driven by essential developments in instrumentation, data evaluation and validation. In this tutorial, the fundamental aspects of the technology and methodology for qualitative and quantitative on-line aerosol particle analysis are discussed. Specific properties of the on-line mass spectrometric instrumentation for particle analysis are described, combined with a discussion of basic differences of the instruments and demands for future improvements of instruments and data analysis techniques. Optimized technology and methodology in particle analysis is expected to lead to essential growth of the knowledge and to quality improvement of the description of atmospheric processes and health effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Peter Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 60, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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16
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Aptowicz KB, Pinnick RG, Hill SC, Pan YL, Chang RK. Optical scattering patterns from single urban aerosol particles at Adelphi, Maryland, USA: A classification relating to particle morphologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Hoflich BLW, Weinbruch S, Theissmann R, Gorzawski H, Ebert M, Ortner HM, Skogstad A, Ellingsen DG, Drablos PA, Thomassen Y. Characterization of individual aerosol particles in workroom air of aluminium smelter potrooms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:419-24. [PMID: 15877161 DOI: 10.1039/b418275h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameters between 0.18 and 10 microm were collected in the workroom air of two aluminium smelter potrooms with different production processes (Soderberg and Prebake processes). Size, morphology and chemical composition of more than 2000 individual particles were determined by high resolution scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Based on chemical composition and morphology, particles were classified into different groups. Particle groups with a relative abundance above 1%(by number) include aluminium oxides, cryolite, aluminium oxides-cryolite mixtures, soot, silicates and sea salt. In both production halls, mixtures of aluminium oxides and cryolite are the dominant particle group. Many particles have fluoride-containing surface coatings or show agglomerations of nanometer-sized fluoride-containing particles on their surface. The phase composition of approximately 100 particles was studied by transmission electron microscopy. According to selected area electron diffraction, sodium beta-alumina (NaAl(11)O(17)) is the dominant aluminium oxide and cryolite (Na(3)AlF(6)) the only sodium aluminium fluoride present. Implications of our findings for assessment of adverse health effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkard L W Hoflich
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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18
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Schuster GL. Inferring black carbon content and specific absorption from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Hand JL, Malm WC, Laskin A, Day D, Lee T, Wang C, Carrico C, Carrillo J, Cowin JP, Collett J, Iedema MJ. Optical, physical, and chemical properties of tar balls observed during the Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Pósfai M, Simonics R, Li J, Hobbs PV, Buseck PR. Individual aerosol particles from biomass burning in southern Africa: 1. Compositions and size distributions of carbonaceous particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Pósfai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Renáta Simonics
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Jia Li
- Departments of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Peter V. Hobbs
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Peter R. Buseck
- Departments of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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21
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Trimborn A, Hinz KP, Spengler B. Online analysis of atmospheric particles with a transportable laser mass spectrometer during LACE 98. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Trimborn
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - K.-P. Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - B. Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
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22
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Fiebig M, Petzold A, Wandinger U, Wendisch M, Kiemle C, Stifter A, Ebert M, Rother T, Leiterer U. Optical closure for an aerosol column: Method, accuracy, and inferable properties applied to a biomass-burning aerosol and its radiative forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Fiebig
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Wessling Germany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Wessling Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph Kiemle
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Wessling Germany
| | - Armin Stifter
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Wessling Germany
| | - Martin Ebert
- Fachbereich Materialwissenschaften; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Tom Rother
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen; Deutsches Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum; Wessling Germany
| | - Ulrich Leiterer
- Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg; Lindenberg Germany
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23
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Ansmann A, Wandinger U, Wiedensohler A, Leiterer U. Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment 1998 (LACE 98): Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ulrich Leiterer
- Deutscher Wetterdienst; Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg; Tauche Germany
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24
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Petzold A, Fiebig M, Flentje H, Keil A, Leiterer U, Schröder F, Stifter A, Wendisch M, Wendling P. Vertical variability of aerosol properties observed at a continental site during the Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment (LACE 98). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Petzold
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Wessling Germany
| | - M. Fiebig
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Wessling Germany
| | - H. Flentje
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Wessling Germany
| | - A. Keil
- Institut für Troposphärenforschung; Leipzig Germany
| | - U. Leiterer
- Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD); Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg; Lindenberg Germany
| | - F. Schröder
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Wessling Germany
| | - A. Stifter
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Wessling Germany
| | - M. Wendisch
- Institut für Troposphärenforschung; Leipzig Germany
| | - P. Wendling
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Wessling Germany
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25
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Neusüß C, Wex H, Birmili W, Wiedensohler A, Koziar C, Busch B, Brüggemann E, Gnauk T, Ebert M, Covert DS. Characterization and parameterization of atmospheric particle number-, mass-, and chemical-size distributions in central Europe during LACE 98 and MINT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Neusüß
- Bruker Saxonia Analytik GmbH; Leipzig Germany
| | - H. Wex
- Institut für Troposphärenforschung; Leipzig Germany
| | - W. Birmili
- Institut für Troposphärenforschung; Leipzig Germany
| | | | - C. Koziar
- Institut für Troposphärenforschung; Leipzig Germany
| | - B. Busch
- Bruker Saxonia Analytik GmbH; Leipzig Germany
| | | | - T. Gnauk
- Institut für Troposphärenforschung; Leipzig Germany
| | - M. Ebert
- Fachbereich Materialwissenschaften; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Darmstadt Germany
| | - D. S. Covert
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
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26
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Wandinger U, Müller D, Böckmann C, Althausen D, Matthias V, Bösenberg J, Weiß V, Fiebig M, Wendisch M, Stohl A, Ansmann A. Optical and microphysical characterization of biomass- burning and industrial-pollution aerosols from- multiwavelength lidar and aircraft measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Detlef Müller
- Institute for Tropospheric Research; Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Volker Weiß
- German Aerospace Center; Oberpfaffenhofen Germany
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27
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Wendisch M, Keil A, Müller D, Wandinger U, Wendling P, Stifter A, Petzold A, Fiebig M, Wiegner M, Freudenthaler V, Armbruster W, von Hoyningen-Huene W, Leiterer U. Aerosol-radiation interaction in the cloudless atmosphere during LACE 98 1. Measured and calculated broadband solar and spectral surface insolations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Keil
- Institute for Tropospheric Research; Leipzig Germany
| | - Dörthe Müller
- Institute for Tropospheric Research; Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Peter Wendling
- Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere; Oberpfaffenhofen Germany
| | - Armin Stifter
- Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere; Oberpfaffenhofen Germany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere; Oberpfaffenhofen Germany
| | - Markus Fiebig
- Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere; Oberpfaffenhofen Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ulrich Leiterer
- Meteorological Observatory; German Weather Service; Lindenberg Germany
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28
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Wex H, Neusüß C, Wendisch M, Stratmann F, Koziar C, Keil A, Wiedensohler A, Ebert M. Particle scattering, backscattering, and absorption coefficients: An in situ closure and sensitivity study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wex
- Institute for Tropospheric Research; Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Keil
- Institute for Tropospheric Research; Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Martin Ebert
- Umweltmineralogie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Darmstadt Germany
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