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Trace Gas Pollutants Led to New Particle Formation and a Strong Convective System Over Telangana, India. NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-023-01221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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2
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Li T, Wu D, Wang L, Yu X. Recognition algorithm for deep convective clouds based on FY4A. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mahata P, Maiti B. Photodissociation Dynamics of Methyl Hydroperoxide at 193 nm: A Trajectory Surface-Hopping Study. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10321-10329. [PMID: 34807597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photodissociation of methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH) at 193 nm has been studied using a direct dynamics trajectory surface-hopping (TSH) method. The potential energies, energy gradients, and nonadiabatic couplings are calculated on the fly at the MRCIS(6,7)/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The hopping of a trajectory from one electronic state to another is decided on the basis of Tully's fewest switches algorithm. An analysis of the trajectories reveals that the cleavage of the weakest O-O bond leads to major products CH3O(2E) + OH(2Π), contributing about 72.7% of the overall product formation. This OH elimination was completed in the ground degenerate product state where both the ground singlet (S0) and first excited singlet (S1) states become degenerate. The O-H bond dissociation of CH3OOH is a minor channel contributing about 27.3% to product formation, resulting in products CH3OO + H. An inspection of the trajectories indicates that unlike the major channel OH elimination, the H-atom elimination channel makes a significant contribution (∼3% of the overall product formation) through the nonadiabatic pathway via conical intersection S1/S0 leading to ground-state products CH3OO(X 2A″) + H(2S) in addition to adiabatic dissociation in the first excited singlet state, S1, correlating to products CH3OO(1 2A') + H(2S). The computed translational energy of the majority of the OH products is found to be high, distributed in the range of 70 to 100 kcal/mol, indicating that the dissociation takes place on a strong repulsive potential energy surface. This finding is consistent with the nature of the experimentally derived translational energy distribution of OH with an average translational energy of 67 kcal/mol after the excitation of CH3OOH at 193 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhash Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Chen X, Millet DB, Neuman JA, Veres PR, Ray EA, Commane R, Daube BC, McKain K, Schwarz JP, Katich JM, Froyd KD, Schill GP, Kim MJ, Crounse JD, Allen HM, Apel EC, Hornbrook RS, Blake DR, Nault BA, Campuzano-Jost P, Jimenez JL, Dibb JE. HCOOH in the remote atmosphere: Constraints from Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) airborne observations. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:1436-1454. [PMID: 34164590 PMCID: PMC8216292 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (HCOOH) is an important component of atmospheric acidity but its budget is poorly understood, with prior observations implying substantial missing sources. Here we combine pole-to-pole airborne observations from the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) with chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) and back trajectory analyses to provide the first global in-situ characterization of HCOOH in the remote atmosphere. ATom reveals sub-100 ppt HCOOH concentrations over most of the remote oceans, punctuated by large enhancements associated with continental outflow. Enhancements correlate with known combustion tracers and trajectory-based fire influences. The GEOS-Chem model underpredicts these in-plume HCOOH enhancements, but elsewhere we find no broad indication of a missing HCOOH source in the background free troposphere. We conclude that missing non-fire HCOOH precursors inferred previously are predominantly short-lived. We find indications of a wet scavenging underestimate in the model consistent with a positive HCOOH bias in the tropical upper troposphere. Observations reveal episodic evidence of ocean HCOOH uptake, which is well-captured by GEOS-Chem; however, despite its strong seawater undersaturation HCOOH is not consistently depleted in the remote marine boundary layer. Over fifty fire and mixed plumes were intercepted during ATom with widely varying transit times and source regions. HCOOH:CO normalized excess mixing ratios in these plumes range from 3.4 to >50 ppt/ppb CO and are often over an order of magnitude higher than expected primary emission ratios. HCOOH is thus a major reactive organic carbon reservoir in the aged plumes sampled during ATom, implying important missing pathways for in-plume HCOOH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | | | - Eric A. Ray
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Róisín Commane
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10964
| | - Bruce C. Daube
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kathryn McKain
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
| | | | - Joseph M. Katich
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Karl D. Froyd
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Gregory P. Schill
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Michelle J. Kim
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Hannah M. Allen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Benjamin A. Nault
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jack E. Dibb
- Earth Systems Research Center/EOS, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
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Impact of Meteorological Changes on Particulate Matter and Aerosol Optical Depth in Seoul during the Months of June over Recent Decades. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of meteorological changes on particulate matter with a diameter of 10 microns or less (PM10, referred to as PM in this study) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) in Seoul were investigated using observational and modeling analysis. AOD satellite data were used, obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and PM concentration data were used from in-situ observations. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and MERRA Version 2 (MERRA-2) were used for meteorological field analysis in modeling and observation data. The results from this investigation show that meteorological effects on PM and AOD were strong in the month of June, revealing a clear decreasing trend in recent decades. The investigation focused on the underlying mechanisms influencing the reduction in PM resulting from meteorological changes during the months of June. The results of this study reveal that decreases in atmospheric stability and humidity induced the aerosol change observed in recent decades. The changes in atmospheric stability and humidity are highly correlated with changes in the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). This suggests that the unstable and drying atmosphere by weakening of the EASM in recent decades has improved PM air quality in Seoul during the summer. The effects of atmospheric stability and humidity were also observed to vary depending on the aerosol species. Humidity only affects hydrophilic aerosols such as sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, whereas atmospheric stability affects all species of aerosols, including carbonaceous aerosols.
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Clapp CE, Anderson JG. Modeling the Effect of Potential Nitric Acid Removal During Convective Injection of Water Vapor Over the Central United States on the Chemical Composition of the Lower Stratosphere. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2019; 124:9743-9770. [PMID: 31763110 PMCID: PMC6853249 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd029703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropopause-penetrating convection is a frequent seasonal feature of the Central United States climate. This convection presents the potential for consistent transport of water vapor into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) through the lofting of ice, which then sublimates. Water vapor enhancements associated with convective ice lofting have been observed in both in situ and satellite measurements. These water vapor enhancements can increase the probability of sulfate aerosol-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions that convert reservoir chlorine (HCl and ClONO2) to free radical chlorine (Cl and ClO) that leads to catalytic ozone loss. In addition to water vapor transport, lofted ice may also scavenge nitric acid and further impact the chlorine activation chemistry of the UTLS. We present a photochemical model that resolves the vertical chemical structure of the UTLS to explore the effect of water vapor enhancements and potential additional nitric acid removal. The model is used to define the response of stratospheric column ozone to the range of convective water vapor transported and the temperature variability of the lower stratosphere currently observed over the Central United States in conjunction with potential nitric acid removal and to scenarios of elevated sulfate aerosol surface area density representative of possible future volcanic eruptions or solar radiation management. We find that the effect of HNO3 removal is dependent on the magnitude of nitric acid removal and has the greatest potential to increase chlorine activation and ozone loss under UTLS conditions that weakly favor the chlorine activation heterogeneous reactions by reducing NOx sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Clapp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - J. G. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
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Chen X, Millet DB, Singh HB, Wisthaler A, Apel EC, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Bourgeois I, Brown SS, Crounse JD, de Gouw JA, Flocke FM, Fried A, Heikes BG, Hornbrook RS, Mikoviny T, Min KE, Müller M, Neuman JA, O'Sullivan DW, Peischl J, Pfister GG, Richter D, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Shertz SR, Thompson CR, Treadaway V, Veres PR, Walega J, Warneke C, Washenfelder RA, Weibring P, Yuan B. On the sources and sinks of atmospheric VOCs: an integrated analysis of recent aircraft campaigns over North America. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2019; 19:9097-9123. [PMID: 33688334 PMCID: PMC7939023 DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-9097-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We apply a high-resolution chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) with updated treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a comprehensive suite of airborne datasets over North America to (i) characterize the VOC budget and (ii) test the ability of current models to capture the distribution and reactivity of atmospheric VOCs over this region. Biogenic emissions dominate the North American VOC budget in the model, accounting for 70 % and 95 % of annually emitted VOC carbon and reactivity, respectively. Based on current inventories anthropogenic emissions have declined to the point where biogenic emissions are the dominant summertime source of VOC reactivity even in most major North American cities. Methane oxidation is a 2x larger source of nonmethane VOCs (via production of formaldehyde and methyl hydroperoxide) over North America in the model than are anthropogenic emissions. However, anthropogenic VOCs account for over half of the ambient VOC loading over the majority of the region owing to their longer aggregate lifetime. Fires can be a significant VOC source episodically but are small on average. In the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the model exhibits skill in capturing observed variability in total VOC abundance (R 2 = 0:36) and reactivity (R 2 = 0:54). The same is not true in the free troposphere (FT), where skill is low and there is a persistent low model bias (~ 60 %), with most (27 of 34) model VOCs underestimated by more than a factor of 2. A comparison of PBL: FT concentration ratios over the southeastern US points to a misrepresentation of PBL ventilation as a contributor to these model FT biases. We also find that a relatively small number of VOCs (acetone, methanol, ethane, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, isoprene C oxidation products, methyl hydroperoxide) drive a large fraction of total ambient VOC reactivity and associated model biases; research to improve understanding of their budgets is thus warranted. A source tracer analysis suggests a current overestimate of biogenic sources for hydroxyacetone, methyl ethyl ketone and glyoxal, an underestimate of biogenic formic acid sources, and an underestimate of peroxyacetic acid production across biogenic and anthropogenic precursors. Future work to improve model representations of vertical transport and to address the VOC biases discussed are needed to advance predictions of ozone and SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Elliot L. Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ilann Bourgeois
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank M. Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alan Fried
- Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brian G. Heikes
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kyung-Eun Min
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Jeff Peischl
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Gabriele G. Pfister
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dirk Richter
- Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Stephen R. Shertz
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Chelsea R. Thompson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Victoria Treadaway
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Patrick R. Veres
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James Walega
- Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Petter Weibring
- Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Liao H, Ding X, Jo D, Li K. Implications of RCP emissions on future concentration and direct radiative forcing of secondary organic aerosol over China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1187-1204. [PMID: 30021284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study applies the nested-grid version of Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine future changes (2000-2050) in SOA concentration and associated direct radiative forcing (DRF) over China under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The projected changes in SOA concentrations over 2010-2050 generally follow future changes in emissions of toluene and xylene. On an annual mean basis, the largest increase in SOA over eastern China is simulated to be 25.1% in 2020 under RCP2.6, 20.4% in 2020 under RCP4.5, 56.3% in 2050 under RCP6.0, and 44.6% in 2030 under RCP8.5. The role of SOA in PM2.5 increases with each decade in 2010-2050 under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, with a maximum ratio of concentration of SOA to that of PM2.5 of 16.3% in 2050 under RCP4.5 as averaged over eastern China (20°-45°N, 100°-125°E). Concentrations of SOA are projected to be able to exceed those of sulfate, ammonium, and black carbon (BC) in the future. The future changes in SOA levels over eastern China are simulated to lead to domain-averaged (20°-45°N, 100°-125°E) DRFs of +0.19 W m-2, +0.12 W m-2, - 0.28 W m-2, and -0.17 W m-2 in 2050 relative to 2000 under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5, respectively. Model results indicate that future changes in SOA owing to future changes in anthropogenic precursor emissions are important for future air quality planning and climate mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Duseong Jo
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ke Li
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Bela MM, Barth MC, Toon OB, Fried A, Ziegler C, Cummings KA, Li Y, Pickering KE, Homeyer CR, Morrison H, Yang Q, Mecikalski RM, Carey L, Biggerstaff MI, Betten DP, Alford AA. Effects of Scavenging, Entrainment, and Aqueous Chemistry on Peroxides and Formaldehyde in Deep Convective Outflow Over the Central and Southeast United States. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:7594-7614. [PMID: 32802698 PMCID: PMC7427629 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deep convective transport of gaseous precursors to ozone (O3) and aerosols to the upper troposphere is affected by liquid phase and mixed-phase scavenging, entrainment of free tropospheric air and aqueous chemistry. The contributions of these processes are examined using aircraft measurements obtained in storm inflow and outflow during the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment combined with high-resolution (dx ≤ 3 km) WRF-Chem simulations of a severe storm, an air mass storm, and a mesoscale convective system (MCS). The simulation results for the MCS suggest that formaldehyde (CH2O) is not retained in ice when cloud water freezes, in agreement with previous studies of the severe storm. By analyzing WRF-Chem trajectories, the effects of scavenging, entrainment, and aqueous chemistry on outflow mixing ratios of CH2O, methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are quantified. Liquid phase microphysical scavenging was the dominant process reducing CH2O and H2O2 outflow mixing ratios in all three storms. Aqueous chemistry did not significantly affect outflow mixing ratios of all three species. In the severe storm and MCS, the higher than expected reductions in CH3OOH mixing ratios in the storm cores were primarily due to entrainment of low-background CH3OOH. In the air mass storm, lower CH3OOH and H2O2 scavenging efficiencies (SEs) than in the MCS were partly due to entrainment of higher background CH3OOH and H2O2. Overestimated rain and hail production in WRF-Chem reduces the confidence in ice retention fraction values determined for the peroxides and CH2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Bela
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mary C Barth
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Owen Brian Toon
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alan Fried
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Conrad Ziegler
- National Severe Storms Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Kristin A Cummings
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Merritt Island, FL, USA
| | - Yunyao Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth E Pickering
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - Hugh Morrison
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland,WA, USA
| | - Retha M Mecikalski
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Larry Carey
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Daniel P Betten
- School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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10
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A molecular perspective for global modeling of upper atmospheric NH 3 from freezing clouds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6147-6152. [PMID: 29848636 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719949115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia plays a key role in the neutralization of atmospheric acids such as sulfate and nitrates. A few in situ observations have supported the theory that gas-phase NH3 concentrations should decrease sharply with altitude and be extremely low in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). This theory, however, seems inconsistent with recent satellite measurements and is also not supported by the aircraft data showing highly or fully neutralized sulfate aerosol particles by ammonium in the UTLS in many parts of the world. Here we reveal the contributions of deep convective clouds to NH3 in the UTLS by using integrated cross-scale modeling, which includes molecular dynamic simulations, a global chemistry transport model, and satellite and aircraft measurements. We show that the NH3 dissolved in liquid cloud droplets is prone to being released into the UTLS upon freezing during deep convection. Because NH3 emission is not regulated in most countries and its future increase is likely persistent from agricultural growth and the warmer climate, the effect of NH3 on composition and phase of aerosol particles in the UTLS can be significant, which in turn can affect cirrus cloud formation, radiation, and the budgets of NOx and O3.
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11
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Xu W, Zhao Y, Liu X, Dore AJ, Zhang L, Liu L, Cheng M. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Yangtze River basin: Spatial pattern and source attribution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:546-555. [PMID: 28993022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River basin is one of the world's hotspots for nitrogen (N) deposition and likely plays an important role in China's riverine N output. Here we constructed a basin-scale total dissolved inorganic N (DIN) deposition (bulk plus dry) pattern based on published data at 100 observational sites between 2000 and 2014, and assessed the relative contributions of different reactive N (Nr) emission sectors to total DIN deposition using the GEOS-Chem model. Our results show a significant spatial variation in total DIN deposition across the Yangtze River basin (33.2 kg N ha-1 yr-1 on average), with the highest fluxes occurring mainly in the central basin (e.g., Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan provinces, and Chongqing municipality). This indicates that controlling N deposition should build on mitigation strategies according to local conditions, namely, implementation of stricter control of Nr emissions in N deposition hotspots but moderate control in the areas with low N deposition levels. Total DIN deposition in approximately 82% of the basin area exceeded the critical load of N deposition for semi-natural ecosystems along the basin. On the basin scale, the dominant source of DIN deposition is fertilizer use (40%) relative to livestock (11%), industry (13%), power plant (9%), transportation (9%), and others (18%, which is the sum of contributions from human waste, residential activities, soil, lighting and biomass burning), suggesting that reducing NH3 emissions from improper fertilizer (including chemical and organic fertilizer) application should be a priority in curbing N deposition. This, together with distinct spatial variations in emission sector contributions to total DIN deposition also suggest that, in addition to fertilizer, major emission sectors in different regions of the basin should be considered when developing synergistic control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cropland Pollution Control and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cropland Pollution Control and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Anthony J Dore
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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12
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Jaeglé L, Wood R, Wargan K. Multi-year composite view of ozone enhancements and stratosphere-to-troposphere transport in dry intrusions of northern hemisphere extratropical cyclones. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:13436-13457. [PMID: 29479506 PMCID: PMC5823518 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examine the role of extratropical cyclones in stratosphere-to-troposphere (STT) exchange with cyclone-centric composites of O3 retrievals from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), contrasting them to composites obtained with the Modern-Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA and MERRA-2) reanalyses and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We identify 15,978 extratropical cyclones in the northern hemisphere (NH) for 2005-2012. The lowermost stratosphere (261 hPa) and middle troposphere (424 hPa) composites feature a 1,000 km-wide O3 enhancement in the dry intrusion (DI) airstream to the southwest of the cyclone center, coinciding with a lowered tropopause, enhanced potential vorticity, and decreased H2O. MLS composites at 261 hPa show that the DI O3 enhancements reach a 210 ppbv maximum in April. At 424 hPa, TES composites display maximum O3 enhancements of 27 ppbv in May. The magnitude and seasonality of these enhancements are captured by MERRA and MERRA-2, but GEOS-Chem is a factor of two too low. The MERRA-2 composites show that the O3-rich DI forms a vertically aligned structure between 300 and 800 hPa, wrapping cyclonically with the warm conveyor belt. In winter and spring DIs, O3 is enhanced by 100 ppbv or 100-130% at 300 hPa, with significant enhancements below 500 hPa (6-20 ppbv or 15-30%). We estimate that extratropical cyclones result in a STT flux of 119±56 Tg O3 yr-1, accounting for 42±20 % of the NH extratropical O3 STT flux. The STT flux in cyclones displays a strong dependence on westerly 300 hPa wind speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyatt Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Wood
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wargan
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Choi HD, Liu H, Crawford JH, Considine DB, Allen DJ, Duncan BN, Horowitz LW, Rodriguez JM, Strahan SE, Zhang L, Liu X, Damon MR, Steenrod SD. Global O 3-CO Correlations in a Chemistry and Transport Model During July-August: Evaluation with TES Satellite Observations and Sensitivity to Input Meteorological Data and Emissions. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:8429-8452. [PMID: 32457810 PMCID: PMC7250209 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-8429-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examine the capability of the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model to reproduce global mid-tropospheric (618hPa) O3-CO correlations determined by the measurements from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard NASA's Aura satellite during boreal summer (July-August). The model is driven by three meteorological data sets (fvGCM with sea surface temperature for 1995, GEOS4-DAS for 2005, and MERRA for 2005), allowing us to examine the sensitivity of model O3-CO correlations to input meteorological data. Model simulations of radionuclide tracers (222Rn, 210Pb, and 7Be) are used to illustrate the differences in transport-related processes among the meteorological data sets. Simulated O3 values are evaluated with climatological ozone profiles from ozonesonde measurements and satellite tropospheric O3 columns. Despite the fact that three simulations show significantly different global and regional distributions of O3 and CO concentrations, all simulations show similar patterns of O3-CO correlations on a global scale. These patterns are consistent with those derived from TES observations, except in the tropical easterly biomass burning outflow regions. Discrepancies in regional O3-CO correlation patterns in the three simulations may be attributed to differences in convective transport, stratospheric influence, and subsidence, among other processes. To understand how various emissions drive global O3-CO correlation patterns, we examine the sensitivity of GMI/MERRA model-calculated O3 and CO concentrations and their correlations to emission types (fossil fuel, biomass burning, biogenic, and lightning NOx emissions). Fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions are mainly responsible for the strong positive O3-CO correlations over continental outflow regions in both hemispheres. Biogenic emissions have a relatively smaller impact on O3-CO correlations than other emissions, but are largely responsible for the negative correlations over the tropical eastern Pacific, reflecting the fact that O3 is consumed and CO generated during the atmospheric oxidation process of isoprene under low NOx conditions. We find that lightning NOx emissions degrade both positive correlations at mid-/high- latitudes and negative correlations in the tropics because ozone production downwind of lightning NOx emissions is not directly related to the emission and transport of CO. Our study concludes that O3-CO correlations may be used effectively to constrain the sources of regional tropospheric O3 in global 3-D models, especially for those regions where convective transport of pollution plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongyu Liu
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA
| | | | - David B. Considine
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Now at NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan E. Strahan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
| | - Lin Zhang
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Now at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Megan R. Damon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD
| | - Stephen D. Steenrod
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
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14
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Vučković V, Vujović D. The effect of mass transfer parameterization and ice retention on the scavenging and redistribution of SO 2 by a deep convective cloud. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3970-3984. [PMID: 27913958 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A chemistry module with the aqueous chemistry coupled with the complex 3D nonhydrostatic atmospheric model is used to investigate how the representation of gas-aqueous mass transfer and ice retention affect the SO2 redistribution in the presence of a convective cloud. Gas uptake to the liquid water is calculated using both Henry's law equilibrium (HE) and kinetic mass transport (KMT). The constant retention coefficients for SO2 (k ret = 0.46) and for H2O2 (k ret = 0.64) are used. It is shown that the amount of SO2 in the air at higher altitudes (10-12 km) is greater when partial retention (PR) is included. All values of k ret between 0 and 1 represented the partial retention (PR), while complete retention (CR) means the entire mass of the gas from the solution remained in the ice phase (k ret = 1). Total mass of SO2 in the air in the entire domain was greater in the case of PR than in the case when the CR was assumed (at the end of the integration time, 0.11% for HE and 0.61% for KMT) and in KMT than in the HE case (0.9% for CR and 1.4% for PR). The amount of SO2 in the ice phase was lower in the case of PR for both HE and KMT. The highest concentrations of S(IV) in rainwater were in the case of HE-CR, while the smallest values were in the case of KMT-PR. Total precipitation of S(IV) in PR exhibits 90% relative to CR, if HE was assumed. When KMT was used, PR gives 81.7% S(IV) relative to CR. Scavenging was the highest in the HE-CR case and the lowest in the KMT-PR case. If HE is assumed, averaged cumulative mass (ACM) of S(IV) precipitation per unit of domain surface for the CR case was 11.1% greater than in the PR case (if KMT was assumed, this difference was greater, 22.4%). Similarly, ACM for HE is 24.1% greater than KMT for the CR case and 36.8% for the PR case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladan Vučković
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Meteorology, University of Belgrade, Dobračina 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Dragana Vujović
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Meteorology, University of Belgrade, Dobračina 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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15
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Li Q, Yao L, Lin S. Calculation of anharmonic effects for the unimolecular dissociation of CH 3OOH and its deuterated species CD 3OOD using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anharmonic and harmonic rate constants for the unimolecular dissociation of CH3OOH and CD3OOD were calculated using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory at the MP2/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. The anharmonic effect of the reactions was investigated. Comparison of results for the decompositions of CH3OOH and CD3OOD shows that the direct bond dissociation channel, CH3(D3) O + OH (D), is the most dominant reaction. The anharmonic effect plays an important role in the unimolecular dissociation of both CH3OOH and CD3OOD. For channels CH3(D3) O + OH (D) and CH3(D3) + H (D) O2, the anharmonic effect of the unimolecular dissociation of CD3OOD is more pronounced than that of the unimolecular dissociation of CH3OOH. For channel H2(D2) CO + H2(D2) O, the anharmonic effect of the unimolecular dissociation of CH3OOH is more pronounced than that of the unimolecular dissociation of CD3OOD. The isotope effect is more distinct in the anharmonic oscillator model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Li Yao
- School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - S.H. Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsin-chu, Taiwan, 10764
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16
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Ervens B. Modeling the processing of aerosol and trace gases in clouds and fogs. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4157-98. [PMID: 25898144 DOI: 10.1021/cr5005887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ervens
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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17
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Vernier JP, Fairlie TD, Natarajan M, Wienhold FG, Bian J, Martinsson BG, Crumeyrolle S, Thomason LW, Bedka KM. Increase in upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosol levels and its potential connection with Asian pollution. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2015; 120:1608-1619. [PMID: 26691186 PMCID: PMC4672967 DOI: 10.1002/2014jd022372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Satellite observations have shown that the Asian Summer Monsoon strongly influences the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) aerosol morphology through its role in the formation of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II solar occultation and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar observations show that summertime UTLS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) between 13 and 18 km over Asia has increased by three times since the late 1990s. Here we present the first in situ balloon measurements of aerosol backscatter in the UTLS from Western China, which confirm high aerosol levels observed by CALIPSO since 2006. Aircraft in situ measurements suggest that aerosols at lower altitudes of the ATAL are largely composed of carbonaceous and sulfate materials (carbon/sulfur elemental ratio ranging from 2 to 10). Back trajectory analysis from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization observations indicates that deep convection over the Indian subcontinent supplies the ATAL through the transport of pollution into the UTLS. Time series of deep convection occurrence, carbon monoxide, aerosol, temperature, and relative humidity suggest that secondary aerosol formation and growth in a cold, moist convective environment could play an important role in the formation of ATAL. Finally, radiative calculations show that the ATAL layer has exerted a short-term regional forcing at the top of the atmosphere of -0.1 W/m2 in the past 18 years. KEY POINTS Increase of summertime upper tropospheric aerosol levels over Asia since the 1990s Upper tropospheric enhancement also observed by in situ backscatter measurements Significant regional radiative forcing of -0.1 W/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Vernier
- Science Systems and Applications, IncHampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
- Correspondence to: J.-P. Vernier,,
| | - T D Fairlie
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - M Natarajan
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - F G Wienhold
- Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyZurich, Switzerland
| | - J Bian
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | | | - S Crumeyrolle
- LOA, CNRS–Université Lille1Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - L W Thomason
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - K M Bedka
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
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18
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Paulot F, Jacob DJ, Henze DK. Sources and processes contributing to nitrogen deposition: an adjoint model analysis applied to biodiversity hotspots worldwide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3226-3233. [PMID: 23458244 DOI: 10.1021/es3027727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic enrichment of reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition is an ecological concern. We use the adjoint of a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to identify the sources and processes that control Nr deposition to an ensemble of biodiversity hotspots worldwide and two U.S. national parks (Cuyahoga and Rocky Mountain). We find that anthropogenic sources dominate deposition at all continental sites and are mainly regional (less than 1000 km) in origin. In Hawaii, Nr supply is controlled by oceanic emissions of ammonia (50%) and anthropogenic sources (50%), with important contributions from Asia and North America. Nr deposition is also sensitive in complicated ways to emissions of SO2, which affect Nr gas-aerosol partitioning, and of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which affect oxidant concentrations and produce organic nitrate reservoirs. For example, VOC emissions generally inhibit deposition of locally emitted NOx but significantly increase Nr deposition downwind. However, in polluted boreal regions, anthropogenic VOC emissions can promote Nr deposition in winter. Uncertainties in chemical rate constants for OH + NO2 and NO2 hydrolysis also complicate the determination of source-receptor relationships for polluted sites in winter. Application of our adjoint sensitivities to the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios for 2010-2050 indicates that future decreases in Nr deposition due to NOx emission controls will be offset by concurrent increases in ammonia emissions from agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Paulot
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
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19
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Millet DB, Apel E, Henze DK, Hill J, Marshall JD, Singh HB, Tessum CW. Natural and anthropogenic ethanol sources inNorth America and potential atmospheric impacts of ethanol fuel use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8484-92. [PMID: 22731385 DOI: 10.1021/es300162u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We used an ensemble of aircraft measurements with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to constrain present-day North American ethanol sources, and gauge potential long-range impacts of increased ethanol fuel use. We find that current ethanol emissions are underestimated by 50% in Western North America, and overestimated by a factor of 2 in the east. Our best estimate for year-2005 North American ethanol emissions is 670 GgC/y, with 440 GgC/y from the continental U.S. We apply these optimized source estimates to investigate two scenarios for increased ethanol fuel use in the U.S.: one that assumes a complete transition from gasoline to E85 fuel, and one tied to the biofuel requirements of the U.S. Energy Indepence and Security Act (EISA). For both scenarios, increased ethanol emissions lead to higher atmospheric acetaldehyde concentrations (by up to 14% during winter for the All-E85 scenario and 2% for the EISA scenario) and an associated shift in reactive nitrogen partitioning reflected by an increase in the peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) to NO(y) ratio. The largest relative impacts occur during fall, winter, and spring because of large natural emissions of ethanol and other organic compounds during summer. Projected changes in atmospheric PAN reflect a balance between an increased supply of peroxyacetyl radicals from acetaldehyde oxidation, and the lower NO(x) emissions for E85 relative to gasoline vehicles. The net effect is a general PAN increase in fall through spring, and a weak decrease over the U.S. Southeast and the Atlantic Ocean during summer. Predicted NO(x) concentrations decrease in surface air over North America (by as much 5% in the All-E85 scenario). Downwind of North America this effect is counteracted by higher NO(x) export efficiency driven by increased PAN production and transport. From the point of view of NO(x) export from North America, the increased PAN formation associated with E85 fuel use thus acts to offset the associated lower NO(x) emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Millet
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
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20
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Borbon A, Ruiz M, Bechara J, Aumont B, Chong M, Huntrieser H, Mari C, Reeves CE, Scialom G, Hamburger T, Stark H, Afif C, Jambert C, Mills G, Schlager H, Perros PE. Transport and chemistry of formaldehyde by mesoscale convective systems in West Africa during AMMA 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Barkley MP, Palmer PI, Ganzeveld L, Arneth A, Hagberg D, Karl T, Guenther A, Paulot F, Wennberg PO, Mao J, Kurosu TP, Chance K, Müller JF, De Smedt I, Van Roozendael M, Chen D, Wang Y, Yantosca RM. Can a “state of the art” chemistry transport model simulate Amazonian tropospheric chemistry? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Cooper M, Martin RV, Sauvage B, Boone CD, Walker KA, Bernath PF, McLinden CA, Degenstein DA, Volz-Thomas A, Wespes C. Evaluation of ACE-FTS and OSIRIS Satellite retrievals of ozone and nitric acid in the tropical upper troposphere: Application to ozone production efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Paulot F, Wunch D, Crounse JD, Toon GC, Millet DB, DeCarlo PF, Vigouroux C, Deutscher NM, González Abad G, Notholt J, Warneke T, Hannigan JW, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Dunlea EJ, De Mazière M, Griffith DWT, Bernath P, Jimenez JL, Wennberg PO. Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and acetic acids. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2011; 11:1989-2013. [PMID: 33758586 PMCID: PMC7983864 DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-1989-2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed budget of formic and acetic acids, two of the most abundant trace gases in the atmosphere. Our bottom-up estimate of the global source of formic and acetic acids are ∼1200 and ∼1400Gmolyr-1, dominated by photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, in particular isoprene. Their sinks are dominated by wet and dry deposition. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to evaluate this budget against an extensive suite of measurements from ground, ship and satellite-based Fourier transform spectrometers, as well as from several aircraft campaigns over North America. The model captures the seasonality of formic and acetic acids well but generally underestimates their concentration, particularly in the Northern midlatitudes. We infer that the source of both carboxylic acids may be up to 50% greater than our estimate and report evidence for a long-lived missing secondary source of carboxylic acids that may be associated with the aging of organic aerosols. Vertical profiles of formic acid in the upper troposphere support a negative temperature dependence of the reaction between formic acid and the hydroxyl radical as suggested by several theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Paulot
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - D. Wunch
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - J. D. Crounse
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - G. C. Toon
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - D. B. Millet
- University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - P. F. DeCarlo
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - C. Vigouroux
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N. M. Deutscher
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - J. Notholt
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Bremen, Germany
| | - T. Warneke
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Bremen, Germany
| | - J. W. Hannigan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - C. Warneke
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - J. A. de Gouw
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - E. J. Dunlea
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - M. De Mazière
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D. W. T. Griffith
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - P. Bernath
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - J. L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - P. O. Wennberg
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Zhang L, Liao H, Li J. Impacts of Asian summer monsoon on seasonal and interannual variations of aerosols over eastern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Pisso I, Real E, Law KS, Legras B, Bousserez N, Attié JL, Schlager H. Estimation of mixing in the troposphere from Lagrangian trace gas reconstructions during long-range pollution plume transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Wang M, Penner JE, Liu X. Coupled IMPACT aerosol and NCAR CAM3 model: Evaluation of predicted aerosol number and size distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bou Karam D, Flamant C, Tulet P, Todd MC, Pelon J, Williams E. Dry cyclogenesis and dust mobilization in the intertropical discontinuity of the West African Monsoon: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Popp PJ, Marcy TP, Gao RS, Watts LA, Fahey DW, Richard EC, Oltmans SJ, Santee ML, Livesey NJ, Froidevaux L, Sen B, Toon GC, Walker KA, Boone CD, Bernath PF. Stratospheric correlation between nitric acid and ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sahu LK, Kondo Y, Miyazaki Y, Kuwata M, Koike M, Takegawa N, Tanimoto H, Matsueda H, Yoon SC, Kim YJ. Anthropogenic aerosols observed in Asian continental outflow at Jeju Island, Korea, in spring 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li SM, Macdonald AM, Leithead A, Leaitch WR, Gong W, Anlauf KG, Toom-Sauntry D, Hayden K, Bottenheim J, Wang D. Investigation of carbonyls in cloudwater during ICARTT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fu TM, Jacob DJ, Wittrock F, Burrows JP, Vrekoussis M, Henze DK. Global budgets of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and implications for formation of secondary organic aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang J, Hoffmann AA, Park RJ, Jacob DJ, Martin ST. Global distribution of solid and aqueous sulfate aerosols: Effect of the hysteresis of particle phase transitions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Saunois M, Mari C, Thouret V, Cammas JP, Peyrillé P, Lafore JP, Sauvage B, Volz-Thomas A, Nédélec P, Pinty JP. An idealized two-dimensional approach to study the impact of the West African monsoon on the meridional gradient of tropospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Duncan BN, Logan JA, Bey I, Megretskaia IA, Yantosca RM, Novelli PC, Jones NB, Rinsland CP. Global budget of CO, 1988–1997: Source estimates and validation with a global model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barth MC, Kim S, Skamarock WC, Stuart AL, Pickering KE, Ott LE. Simulations of the redistribution of formaldehyde, formic acid, and peroxides in the 10 July 1996 Stratospheric‐Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone deep convection storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Barth
- National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S.‐W. Kim
- National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
- Now at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth Systems Research Laboratory and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - W. C. Skamarock
- National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. L. Stuart
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - K. E. Pickering
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
- Now at Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - L. E. Ott
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
- Now at Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Liu X, Penner JE, Das B, Bergmann D, Rodriguez JM, Strahan S, Wang M, Feng Y. Uncertainties in global aerosol simulations: Assessment using three meteorological data sets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bousserez N, Attié JL, Peuch VH, Michou M, Pfister G, Edwards D, Emmons L, Mari C, Barret B, Arnold SR, Heckel A, Richter A, Schlager H, Lewis A, Avery M, Sachse G, Browell EV, Hair JW. Evaluation of the MOCAGE chemistry transport model during the ICARTT/ITOP experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Bousserez
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - J. L. Attié
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - V. H. Peuch
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques/Météo France; Toulouse France
| | - M. Michou
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques/Météo France; Toulouse France
| | - G. Pfister
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. Edwards
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. Emmons
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Mari
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - B. Barret
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - S. R. Arnold
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - A. Heckel
- Institute of Environmental Physics; Bremen Germany
| | - A. Richter
- Institute of Environmental Physics; Bremen Germany
| | - H. Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Operpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - M. Avery
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - G. Sachse
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | | | - J. W. Hair
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
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Hudman RC, Jacob DJ, Turquety S, Leibensperger EM, Murray LT, Wu S, Gilliland AB, Avery M, Bertram TH, Brune W, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Flocke FM, Fried A, Holloway J, Neuman JA, Orville R, Perring A, Ren X, Sachse GW, Singh HB, Swanson A, Wooldridge PJ. Surface and lightning sources of nitrogen oxides over the United States: Magnitudes, chemical evolution, and outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ito A, Sillman S, Penner JE. Effects of additional nonmethane volatile organic compounds, organic nitrates, and direct emissions of oxygenated organic species on global tropospheric chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liao H, Henze DK, Seinfeld JH, Wu S, Mickley LJ. Biogenic secondary organic aerosol over the United States: Comparison of climatological simulations with observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Feng Y, Penner JE. Global modeling of nitrate and ammonium: Interaction of aerosols and tropospheric chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Folkins I, Bernath P, Boone C, Donner LJ, Eldering A, Lesins G, Martin RV, Sinnhuber BM, Walker K. Testing convective parameterizations with tropical measurements of HNO3
, CO, H2
O, and O3
: Implications for the water vapor budget. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Folkins
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - P. Bernath
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - C. Boone
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - L. J. Donner
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - A. Eldering
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - Glen Lesins
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - R. V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - B.-M. Sinnhuber
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - K. Walker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
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Tulet P, Grini A, Griffin RJ, Petitcol S. ORILAM-SOA: A computationally efficient model for predicting secondary organic aerosols in three-dimensional atmospheric models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tulet
- Groupe de Météorologie Expérimentale et Instrumentale; Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo France; Toulouse France
| | - Alf Grini
- Groupe de Météorologie Expérimentale et Instrumentale; Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo France; Toulouse France
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Sebastien Petitcol
- Groupe de Météorologie Expérimentale et Instrumentale; Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo France; Toulouse France
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Garrett TJ, Avey L, Palmer PI, Stohl A, Neuman JA, Brock CA, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS. Quantifying wet scavenging processes in aircraft observations of nitric acid and cloud condensation nuclei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Garrett
- Meteorology Department; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - L. Avey
- Meteorology Department; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - P. I. Palmer
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - A. Stohl
- Norsk Institute for Luftforskning; Kjeller Norway
| | - J. A. Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. A. Brock
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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Grini A, Tulet P, Gomes L. Dusty weather forecasts using the MesoNH mesoscale atmospheric model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kulmala M, Reissell A, Sipilä M, Bonn B, Ruuskanen TM, Lehtinen KEJ, Kerminen VM, Ström J. Deep convective clouds as aerosol production engines: Role of insoluble organics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lopez JP, Fridlind AM, Jost HJ, Loewenstein M, Ackerman AS, Campos TL, Weinstock EM, Sayres DS, Smith JB, Pittman JV, Hallar AG, Avallone LM, Davis SM, Herman RL. CO signatures in subtropical convective clouds and anvils during CRYSTAL-FACE: An analysis of convective transport and entrainment using observations and a cloud-resolving model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu X. Global modeling of aerosol dynamics: Model description, evaluation, and interactions between sulfate and nonsulfate aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tulet P. ORILAM, a three-moment lognormal aerosol scheme for mesoscale atmospheric model: Online coupling into the Meso-NH-C model and validation on the Escompte campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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