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Gao Q, Shen C, Zhang H, Long B, Truhlar DG. Quantitative kinetics reveal that reactions of HO 2 are a significant sink for aldehydes in the atmosphere and may initiate the formation of highly oxygenated molecules via autoxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16160-16174. [PMID: 38787752 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Large aldehydes are widespread in the atmosphere and their oxidation leads to secondary organic aerosols. The current understanding of their chemical transformation processes is limited to hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation during daytime and nitrate radical (NO3) oxidation during nighttime. Here, we report quantitative kinetics calculations of the reactions of hexanal (C5H11CHO), pentanal (C4H9CHO), and butanal (C3H7CHO) with hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) at atmospheric temperatures and pressures. We find that neither tunneling nor multistructural torsion anharmonicity should be neglected in computing these rate constants; strong anharmonicity at the transition states is also important. We find rate constants for the three reactions in the range 3.2-7.7 × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K and 1 atm, showing that the HO2 reactions can be competitive with OH and NO3 oxidation under some conditions relevant to the atmosphere. Our findings reveal that HO2-initiated oxidation of large aldehydes may be responsible for the formation of highly oxygenated molecules via autoxidation. We augment the theoretic studies with laboratory flow-tube experiments using an iodide-adduct time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer to confirm the theoretical predictions of peroxy radicals and the autoxidation pathway. We find that the adduct from HO2 + C5H11CHO undergoes a fast unimolecular 1,7-hydrogen shift with a rate constant of 0.45 s-1. We suggest that the HO2 reactions make significant contributions to the sink of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Gao
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Chuanyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92507, USA.
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92507, USA.
| | - Bo Long
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu university, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA.
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Ma X, Tan Z, Lu K, Zhang Y. 复合污染大气环境中OH自由基测量干扰的定量研究. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Kong Y, Sun H, Zhang S, Zhao B, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Li H. Oxidation process of lead sulfide nanoparticle in the atmosphere or natural water and influence on toxicity toward Chlorella vulgaris. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126016. [PMID: 33992015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead sulfide nanoparticle (nano-PbS) released into environment can cause hazards to human or ecosystem. Nano-PbS potentially undergoes oxidation in the environment, but oxidation mechanism is not understood yet. Herein, oxidation kinetics and products of nano-PbS by ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (HO·) in the atmosphere or natural water were investigated. Results show that oxidation process of nano-PbS can be divided into three stages, producing sulfate, ions and oxides of lead in sequence. O3 or HO·leads to faster release of ionic lead from nano-PbS in the initial stage than H2O2, but causes significant decrease of ionic lead by transforming divalent lead to tetravalent lead oxides in the second or third stage. Toxicity determined taking Chlorella Vulgaris as an example follows an order of PbO2 < Pb3O4 < nano-PbS < PbO < PbSO4. Toxicity of lead particles is mainly determined by sizes influencing cellular uptake and solubility product constant (Ksp) related with dissolution of lead in cells. The results indicate that the toxicity of nano-PbS increases in an initial oxidation stage and decreases in further oxidation stages. This study provides new insights into environmental behavior of nano-PbS and mechanism understandings for assessing ecological risks of nano-PbS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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4
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Yang X, Lu K, Ma X, Liu Y, Wang H, Hu R, Li X, Lou S, Chen S, Dong H, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Li S, Yang S, Yang Y, Kuang C, Tan Z, Chen X, Qiu P, Zeng L, Xie P, Zhang Y. Observations and modeling of OH and HO 2 radicals in Chengdu, China in summer 2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:144829. [PMID: 33578154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the first continuous measurements of ambient OH and HO2 radicals at a suburban site in Chengdu, Southwest China, which were collected during 2019 as part of a comprehensive field campaign 'CompreHensive field experiment to explOre the photochemical Ozone formation mechaniSm in summEr - 2019 (CHOOSE-2019)'. The mean concentrations (11:00-15:00) of the observed OH and HO2 radicals were 9.5 × 106 and 9.0 × 108 cm-3, respectively. To investigate the state-of-the-art chemical mechanism of radical, closure experiments were conducted with a box model, in which the RACM2 mechanism updated with the latest isoprene chemistry (RACM2-LIM1) was used. In the base run, OH radicals were underestimated by the model for the low-NO regime, which was likely due to the missing OH recycling. However, good agreement between the observed and modeled OH concentrations was achieved when an additional species X (equivalent to 0.25 ppb of NO mixing ratio) from one new OH regeneration cycle (RO2 + X → HO2, HO2 + X → OH) was added into the model. Additionally, in the base run, the model could reproduce the observed HO2 concentrations. Discrepancies in the observed and modeled HO2 concentrations were found in the sensitivity runs with HO2 heterogeneous uptake, indicating that the impact of the uptake may be less significant in Chengdu because of the relatively low aerosol concentrations. The ROx (= OH + HO2 + RO2) primary source was dominated by photolysis reactions, in which HONO, O3, and HCHO photolysis accounted for 34%, 19%, and 23% during the daytime, respectively. The efficiency of radical cycling was quantified by the radical chain length, which was determined by the NO to NO2 ratio successfully. The parameterization of the radical chain length may be very useful for the further determinations of radical recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuefei Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shule Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suding Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cailing Kuang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Joint laboratory for Regional pollution Control (IJRC), Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Sciences and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, China.
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5
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Clifton OE, Fiore AM, Massman WJ, Baublitz CB, Coyle M, Emberson L, Fares S, Farmer DK, Gentine P, Gerosa G, Guenther AB, Helmig D, Lombardozzi DL, Munger JW, Patton EG, Pusede SE, Schwede DB, Silva SJ, Sörgel M, Steiner AL, Tai APK. Dry Deposition of Ozone over Land: Processes, Measurement, and Modeling. REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1985) 2020; 58:10.1029/2019RG000670. [PMID: 33748825 PMCID: PMC7970530 DOI: 10.1029/2019rg000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dry deposition of ozone is an important sink of ozone in near surface air. When dry deposition occurs through plant stomata, ozone can injure the plant, altering water and carbon cycling and reducing crop yields. Quantifying both stomatal and nonstomatal uptake accurately is relevant for understanding ozone's impact on human health as an air pollutant and on climate as a potent short-lived greenhouse gas and primary control on the removal of several reactive greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Robust ozone dry deposition estimates require knowledge of the relative importance of individual deposition pathways, but spatiotemporal variability in nonstomatal deposition is poorly understood. Here we integrate understanding of ozone deposition processes by synthesizing research from fields such as atmospheric chemistry, ecology, and meteorology. We critically review methods for measurements and modeling, highlighting the empiricism that underpins modeling and thus the interpretation of observations. Our unprecedented synthesis of knowledge on deposition pathways, particularly soil and leaf cuticles, reveals process understanding not yet included in widely-used models. If coordinated with short-term field intensives, laboratory studies, and mechanistic modeling, measurements from a few long-term sites would bridge the molecular to ecosystem scales necessary to establish the relative importance of individual deposition pathways and the extent to which they vary in space and time. Our recommended approaches seek to close knowledge gaps that currently limit quantifying the impact of ozone dry deposition on air quality, ecosystems, and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arlene M Fiore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - William J Massman
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Colleen B Baublitz
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Mhairi Coyle
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK and The James Hutton Institute, Craigibuckler, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Silvano Fares
- Council of Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, and National Research Council, Institute of Bioeconomy, Rome, Italy
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giacomo Gerosa
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del S. C., Brescia, Italy
| | - Alex B Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Detlev Helmig
- Institute of Alpine and Arctic Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - J William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sally E Pusede
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Donna B Schwede
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sam J Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Sörgel
- Max Plank Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Allison L Steiner
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amos P K Tai
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Copan AV, Wiens AE, Nowara EM, Schaefer HF, Agarwal J. Peroxyacetyl radical: Electronic excitation energies, fundamental vibrational frequencies, and symmetry breaking in the first excited state. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:054303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4906490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V. Copan
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Avery E. Wiens
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Ewa M. Nowara
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Jay Agarwal
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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7
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Liu Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Gong X, Yang B, Tan L, Qi B. Nighttime peroxy radicals chemistry at Rishiri Island during the campaign RISFEX 2003. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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9
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Stone D, Whalley LK, Heard DE. Tropospheric OH and HO2 radicals: field measurements and model comparisons. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6348-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Seakins PW, Blitz MA. Developments in Laboratory Studies of Gas-Phase Reactions for Atmospheric Chemistry with Applications to Isoprene Oxidation and Carbonyl Chemistry. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2011; 62:351-73. [PMID: 21219141 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory studies of gas-phase chemical processes are a key tool in understanding the chemistry of our atmosphere and hence tackling issues such as climate change and air quality. Laboratory techniques have improved considerably with greater emphasis on product detection, allowing the measurement of site-specific rate coefficients. Radical chemistry lies at the heart of atmospheric chemistry. In this review we consider issues around radical generation and recycling from the oxidation of isoprene and from the chemical reactions and photolysis of carbonyl species. Isoprene is the most globally significant hydrocarbon, but uncertainties exist about its oxidation in unpolluted environments. Recent experiments and calculations that cast light on radical generation are reviewed. Carbonyl compounds are the dominant first-generation products from hydrocarbon oxidation. Chemical oxidation can recycle radicals, or photolysis can be a net radical source. Studies have demonstrated that high-resolution and temperature-dependent studies are important for some significant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A. Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT United Kingdom;
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11
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Khan MAH, Hoque MMN, Alam SS, Ashfold MJ, Nickless G, Shallcross DE. Estimation and comparison of night-time OH levels in the UK urban atmosphere using two different analysis methods. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:60-64. [PMID: 21476341 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites (Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly measurements of NO, NO2, O3, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 x 10(5) - 1 x 10(6) molecules/cm3 at these four urban sites in the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant difference between the OH levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. Night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer and spring time tracking the night-time O3 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anwar H Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
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12
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da Silva G. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Glyoxal + HO2 Reaction: Conversion of HO2 to OH by Carbonyls. J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:291-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108358y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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13
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da Silva G. Oxidation of Carboxylic Acids Regenerates Hydroxyl Radicals in the Unpolluted and Nighttime Troposphere. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6861-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101279p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne. Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Mielke LH, Erickson DE, McLuckey SA, Müller M, Wisthaler A, Hansel A, Shepson PB. Development of a Proton-Transfer Reaction-Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer for Quantitative Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds. Anal Chem 2008; 80:8171-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levi H. Mielke
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, and Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, 860 Oval Drive West, Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and Institut für Ionenphysik and Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David E. Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, and Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, 860 Oval Drive West, Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and Institut für Ionenphysik and Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Scott A. McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, and Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, 860 Oval Drive West, Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and Institut für Ionenphysik and Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, and Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, 860 Oval Drive West, Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and Institut für Ionenphysik and Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, and Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, 860 Oval Drive West, Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and Institut für Ionenphysik and Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Hansel
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, and Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, 860 Oval Drive West, Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and Institut für Ionenphysik and Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul B. Shepson
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, and Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, 860 Oval Drive West, Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, and Institut für Ionenphysik and Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Ortega J, Helmig D. Approaches for quantifying reactive and low-volatility biogenic organic compound emissions by vegetation enclosure techniques - part A. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 72:343-64. [PMID: 18279913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The high reactivity and low vapor pressure of many biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) make it difficult to measure whole-canopy fluxes of BVOC species using common analytical techniques. The most appropriate approach for estimating these BVOC fluxes is to determine emission rates from dynamic vegetation enclosure measurements. After scaling leaf- and branch-level emission rates to the canopy level, these fluxes can then be used in models to determine BVOC influences on atmospheric chemistry and aerosol processes. Previously published reports from enclosure measurements show considerable variation among procedures with limited guidelines or standard protocols to follow. This article reviews this literature and describes the variety of enclosure types, materials, and analysis techniques that have been used to determine BVOC emission rates. The current review article is followed by a companion paper which details a comprehensive enclosure technique that incorporates both recommendations from the literature as well as insight gained from theoretical calculations and practical experiences. These methods have yielded new BVOC emission data for highly reactive monoterpenes (MT) and sesquiterpenes (SQT) from a variety of vegetation species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ortega
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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16
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McGillen MR, Carey TJ, Archibald AT, Wenger JC, Shallcross DE, Percival CJ. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) for the gas-phase ozonolysis of aliphatic alkenes and dialkenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1757-68. [DOI: 10.1039/b715394e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Kanaya Y, Cao R, Kato S, Miyakawa Y, Kajii Y, Tanimoto H, Yokouchi Y, Mochida M, Kawamura K, Akimoto H. Chemistry of OH and HO2radicals observed at Rishiri Island, Japan, in September 2003: Missing daytime sink of HO2and positive nighttime correlations with monoterpenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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19
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Rohrer F, Berresheim H. Strong correlation between levels of tropospheric hydroxyl radicals and solar ultraviolet radiation. Nature 2006; 442:184-7. [PMID: 16838018 DOI: 10.1038/nature04924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The most important chemical cleaning agent of the atmosphere is the hydroxyl radical, OH. It determines the oxidizing power of the atmosphere, and thereby controls the removal of nearly all gaseous atmospheric pollutants. The atmospheric supply of OH is limited, however, and could be overcome by consumption due to increasing pollution and climate change, with detrimental feedback effects. To date, the high variability of OH concentrations has prevented the use of local observations to monitor possible trends in the concentration of this species. Here we present and analyse long-term measurements of atmospheric OH concentrations, which were taken between 1999 and 2003 at the Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg in southern Germany. We find that the concentration of OH can be described by a surprisingly linear dependence on solar ultraviolet radiation throughout the measurement period, despite the fact that OH concentrations are influenced by thousands of reactants. A detailed numerical model of atmospheric reactions and measured trace gas concentrations indicates that the observed correlation results from compensations between individual processes affecting OH, but that a full understanding of these interactions may not be possible on the basis of our current knowledge of atmospheric chemistry. As a consequence of the stable relationship between OH concentrations and ultraviolet radiation that we observe, we infer that there is no long-term trend in the level of OH in the Hohenpeissenberg data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Rohrer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut ICG-II: Troposphäre, Jülich 52425, Germany.
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20
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Ren X, Brune WH, Oliger A, Metcalf AR, Simpas JB, Shirley T, Schwab JJ, Bai C, Roychowdhury U, Li Y, Cai C, Demerjian KL, He Y, Zhou X, Gao H, Hou J. OH, HO2, and OH reactivity during the PMTACS-NY Whiteface Mountain 2002 campaign: Observations and model comparison. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Ren
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - William H. Brune
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Angelique Oliger
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Andrew R. Metcalf
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - James B. Simpas
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Terry Shirley
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - James J. Schwab
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Chunhong Bai
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Utpal Roychowdhury
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Yongquan Li
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Chenxia Cai
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Kenneth L. Demerjian
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Honglian Gao
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
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21
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Lee A, Goldstein AH, Kroll JH, Ng NL, Varutbangkul V, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH. Gas-phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the photooxidation of 16 different terpenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Lee A, Goldstein AH, Keywood MD, Gao S, Varutbangkul V, Bahreini R, Ng NL, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH. Gas-phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the ozonolysis of ten different terpenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Stroud C. Role of canopy-scale photochemistry in modifying biogenic-atmosphere exchange of reactive terpene species: Results from the CELTIC field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Di Carlo P, Brune WH, Martinez M, Harder H, Lesher R, Ren X, Thornberry T, Carroll MA, Young V, Shepson PB, Riemer D, Apel E, Campbell C. Missing OH reactivity in a forest: evidence for unknown reactive biogenic VOCs. Science 2004; 304:722-5. [PMID: 15118159 DOI: 10.1126/science.1094392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Forest emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), such as isoprene and other terpenes, play a role in the production of tropospheric ozone and aerosols. In a northern Michigan forest, the direct measurement of total OH reactivity, which is the inverse of the OH lifetime, was significantly greater than expected. The difference between measured and expected OH reactivity, called the missing OH reactivity, increased with temperature, as did emission rates for terpenes and other BVOCs. These measurements are consistent with the hypothesis that unknown reactive BVOCs, perhaps terpenes, provide the missing OH reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Di Carlo
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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25
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Geyer A. Vertical profiles of NO3, N2O5, O3, and NOxin the nocturnal boundary layer: 2. Model studies on the altitude dependence of composition and chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Geyer A. The vertical structure of OH-HO2-RO2chemistry in the nocturnal boundary layer: A one-dimensional model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne E Heard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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29
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Sadanaga Y, Matsumoto J, Kajii Y. Photochemical reactions in the urban air: Recent understandings of radical chemistry. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(03)00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Geyer A. Direct observations of daytime NO3: Implications for urban boundary layer chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Song CH. Dispersion and chemical evolution of ship plumes in the marine boundary layer: Investigation of O3/NOy/HOxchemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Cantrell CA. Peroxy radical behavior during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) campaign as measured aboard the NASA P-3B aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Ren X. Intercomparison of peroxy radical measurements at a rural site using laser-induced fluorescence and Peroxy Radical Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (PerCIMS) techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Martinez M. OH and HO2concentrations, sources, and loss rates during the Southern Oxidants Study in Nashville, Tennessee, summer 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Mihele CM. Radical chemistry at a forested continental site: Results from the PROPHET 1997 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Kroll JH, Donahue NM, Cee VJ, Demerjian KL, Anderson JG. Gas-phase ozonolysis of alkenes: formation of OH from anti carbonyl oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:8518-9. [PMID: 12121079 DOI: 10.1021/ja0266060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase ozone-alkene reactions are known to produce the hydroxyl radical (OH) in high yields. Most mechanistic studies to date have focused on the role of syn carbonyl oxides; however, OH production from ethene ozonolysis indicates a second, poorly understood OH-forming channel, which may contribute to OH production in the ozonolysis of substituted alkenes as well. Using laser-induced fluorescence, we have measured OH and OD yields from the ozonolysis of two partially deuterated alkenes, cis- and trans-3-hexene-3,4-d2. OD is formed from both alkenes, indicating a pathway of hydroxyl-radical formation involving vinylic hydrogens, accounting for one-third of total OH formation from cis-3-hexene. The lack of a significant kinetic isotope effect suggests this pathway is the "hot acid" channel, arising from rearrangement of anti carbonyl oxides. Measured yields also allow for the estimation of syn:anti carbonyl oxide ratios, approximately 50:50 for trans-3-hexene and approximately 20:80 for cis-3-hexene, qualitatively consistent with our understanding of ozonide decomposition pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse H Kroll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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37
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Creasey DJ, Heard DE, Lee JD. Eastern Atlantic Spring Experiment 1997 (EASE97) 1. Measurements of OH and HO2concentrations at Mace Head, Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. E. Heard
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. D. Lee
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
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38
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Sillman S, Carroll MA, Thornberry T, Lamb BK, Westberg H, Brune WH, Faloona I, Tan D, Shepson PB, Sumner AL, Hastie DR, Mihele CM, Apel EC, Riemer DD, Zika RG. Loss of isoprene and sources of nighttime OH radicals at a rural site in the United States: Results from photochemical models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanford Sillman
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Mary Anne Carroll
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Troy Thornberry
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Brian K. Lamb
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman Washington USA
| | - Hal Westberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman Washington USA
| | - William H. Brune
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ian Faloona
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - David Tan
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Paul B. Shepson
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Ann Louise Sumner
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Donald R. Hastie
- Department of Chemistry; York University; North York, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Eric C. Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Riemer
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Rod G. Zika
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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39
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Apel EC. Measurement and interpretation of isoprene fluxes and isoprene, methacrolein, and methyl vinyl ketone mixing ratios at the PROPHET site during the 1998 Intensive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Carroll MA, Bertman SB, Shepson PB. Overview of the Program for Research on Oxidants: PHotochemistry, Emissions, and Transport (PROPHET) summer 1998 measurements intensive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Barket DJ, Hurst JM, Couch TL, Colorado A, Shepson PB, Riemer DD, Hills AJ, Apel EC, Hafer R, Lamb BK, Westberg HH, Farmer CT, Stabenau ER, Zika RG. Intercomparison of automated methodologies for determination of ambient isoprene during the PROPHET 1998 summer campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Thornberry T, Carroll MA, Keeler GJ, Sillman S, Bertman SB, Pippin MR, Ostling K, Grossenbacher JW, Shepson PB, Cooper OR, Moody JL, Stockwell WR. Observations of reactive oxidized nitrogen and speciation of NOyduring the PROPHET summer 1998 intensive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Grossenbacher JW, Couch T, Shepson PB, Thornberry T, Witmer-Rich M, Carroll MA, Faloona I, Tan D, Brune W, Ostling K, Bertman S. Measurements of isoprene nitrates above a forest canopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Kanaya Y, Matsumoto J, Kato S, Akimoto H. Behavior of OH and HO2radicals during the Observations at a Remote Island of Okinawa (ORION99) field campaign: 2. Comparison between observations and calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Hurst JM, Barket DJ, Herrera-Gomez O, Couch TL, Shepson PB, Faloona I, Tan D, Brune W, Westberg H, Lamb B, Biesenthal T, Young V, Goldstein A, Munger JW, Thornberry T, Carroll MA. Investigation of the nighttime decay of isoprene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Kanaya Y, Sadanaga Y, Nakamura K, Akimoto H. Behavior of OH and HO2radicals during the Observations at a Remote Island of Okinawa (ORION99) field campaign: 1. Observation using a laser-induced fluorescence instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Sumner AL, Shepson PB, Couch TL, Thornberry T, Carroll MA, Sillman S, Pippin M, Bertman S, Tan D, Faloona I, Brune W, Young V, Cooper O, Moody J, Stockwell W. A study of formaldehyde chemistry above a forest canopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Tan D, Faloona I, Simpas JB, Brune W, Shepson PB, Couch TL, Sumner AL, Carroll MA, Thornberry T, Apel E, Riemer D, Stockwell W. HOxbudgets in a deciduous forest: Results from the PROPHET summer 1998 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Pippin M, Bertman S, Thornberry T, Town M, Carroll MA, Sillman S. Seasonal variations of PAN, PPN, and O3at the upper Midwest PROPHET site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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