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Niu X, Li J, Wang Q, Ho SSH, Sun J, Li L, Cao J, Ho KF. Characteristics of fresh and aged volatile organic compounds from open burning of crop residues. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138545. [PMID: 32305762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Open burning of crop residues is a major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which contribute substantially to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the atmosphere. An integrated system of combustion chamber coupled with potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor was used to demonstrate the emission characteristics of fresh and aged VOCs (corresponding to 2- and 7-day atmospheric aging) from the burning of rice, maize, and wheat straws. The average emission factor (EF) of quantified non-methane VOCs (NMVOCs) emitted from the straw (fresh) was 1.82 ± 0.41 g/kg and wheat straw had the highest EFs. The EF residues of quantified NMVOCs decreased considerably after photo-oxidation in PAM. Stronger oxidation condition (7-day aging) produced a 57.2% decline in NMVOC EFs, compared with 42.3% decline during 2-day atmospheric aging. The largest declines were observed in the alkenes group: 82.6% and 66.2% after 7- and 2-day aging, respectively, which is consistent with their high reactivity toward oxidation with ozone and hydroxyl radical (OH). Aromatic compounds mainly reacted with OH, and their EFs decreased 59.1% on average. Alkanes were much less reactive, and their EFs only decreased an average of 29.8% after the oxidation processes. Considerable SOAs formation was observed in the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) filter samples collected after the oxidation of isoprene, benzene and toluene. The moderate to strong correlations between isoprene and isoprene-derived SOAs, between benzene and toluene with nitrophenols, and between toluene and aromatic acids demonstrate that the VOCs were degraded in the reactions with oxidative radicals, producing active contributors to SOAs formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Hong Kong, China; Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, China.
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Newland MJ, Nelson BS, Muñoz A, Ródenas M, Vera T, Tárrega J, Rickard AR. Trends in stabilisation of Criegee intermediates from alkene ozonolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13698-13706. [PMID: 32525165 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00897d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Criegee Intermediates (CI), formed in the ozonolysis of alkenes, play a central role in tropospheric chemistry as an important source of radicals, with stabilised CI (SCI) able to participate in bimolecular reactions, affecting climate through the formation of inorganic and organic aerosol. However, total SCI yields have only been determined for a few alkene systems, while speciated SCI yields from asymmetrical alkenes are almost entirely unknown. Here we report for the first time a systematic experimental exploration of the stabilisation of CH2OO and (CH3)2COO CI, formed from ten alkene-ozone systems with a range of different sizes and structures, under atmospherically relevant conditions in the EUPHORE chamber. Experiments in the presence of excess SO2 (an SCI scavenger) determined total SCI yields from each alkene-ozone system. Comparison of primary carbonyl yields in the presence/absence of SO2 determined the stabilisation fraction of a given CI. The results show that the stabilisation of a given CI increases as the size of the carbonyl co-product increases. This is interpreted in terms of the nascent population of CI formed following decomposition of the primary ozonide (POZ) having a lower mean energy distribution when formed with a larger carbonyl co-product, as more of the energy from the POZ is taken by the carbonyl. These findings have significant implications for atmospheric modelling of alkene ozonolysis. Higher stabilisation of small CI formed from large alkenes is expected to lead to lower radical yields from CI decomposition, and higher SCI concentrations, increasing the importance of SCI bimolecular reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike J Newland
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, UK.
| | - Beth S Nelson
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, UK.
| | - Amalia Muñoz
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda Charles R. Darwin 14. Parque Tecnológico, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Ródenas
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda Charles R. Darwin 14. Parque Tecnológico, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Vera
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda Charles R. Darwin 14. Parque Tecnológico, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Tárrega
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda Charles R. Darwin 14. Parque Tecnológico, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrew R Rickard
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, UK. and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, UK
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Chattopadhyay A, Samanta M, Mondal K, Chakraborty T. Mid-infrared quantum cascade laser spectroscopy probing of the kinetics of an atmospherically significant radical reaction,
$$\hbox {CH}_{3}\hbox {O}_{2}+\hbox {NO}_{2}+\hbox {M}\rightarrow \hbox {CH}_{3}\hbox {O}_{2}\hbox {NO}_{2}+\hbox {M}$$
CH
3
O
2
+
NO
2
+
M
→
CH
3
O
2
NO
2
+
M
, in the gas phase. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang Q, Liu J, He Y, Yang J, Gao J, Liu H, Tang W, Chen Y, Fan W, Chen X, Chai F, Hatakeyama S. Measurement of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide concentrations during autumn in Beijing, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 64:72-81. [PMID: 29478663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous peroxides play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. To understand the pathways of the formation and removal of peroxides, atmospheric peroxide concentrations and their controlling factors were measured from 7:00 to 20:00 in September, October, and November 2013 at a heavily trafficked residential site in Beijing, China, with average concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) at 0.55ppb and 0.063ppb, respectively. H2O2 concentrations were higher in the afternoon and lower in the morning and evening, while MHP concentrations did not exhibit a regular diurnal pattern. Both H2O2 and MHP concentrations increased at dusk in most cases. Both peroxides displayed monthly variations with higher concentrations in September. These results suggested that photochemical activity was the main controlling factor on variations of H2O2 concentrations during the measurement period. Increasing concentrations of volatile organic compounds emitted by motor vehicles were important contributors to H2O2 and MHP enrichment. High levels of H2O2 and MHP concentrations which occurred during the measurement period probably resulted from the transport of a polluted air mass with high water vapor content passing over the Bohai Bay, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaoyu Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youjiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Houfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenhao Fan
- Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fahe Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Shiro Hatakeyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
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Huang M, Miller TA, McCoy AB, Hsu KH, Huang YH, Lee YP. Modeling the CH Stretch/Torsion/Rotation Couplings in Methyl Peroxy (CH3OO). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9619-9630. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Terry A. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Hsu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Huang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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7
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Hsu KH, Huang YH, Lee YP, Huang M, Miller TA, McCoy AB. Manifestations of Torsion-CH Stretch Coupling in the Infrared Spectrum of CH3OO. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4827-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Hsu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Huang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Meng Huang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Terry A. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Klems JP, Lippa KA, McGivern WS. Quantitative Evidence for Organic Peroxy Radical Photochemistry at 254 nm. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:344-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509165x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Klems
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Katrice A. Lippa
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - W. Sean McGivern
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Liu CG, Shu JN, Yang B, Zhang P. Products and kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction of particulate ametryn with NO3 radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:2686-2691. [PMID: 25301341 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As a renowned s-triazine herbicide, ametryn is worldwide emitted into the atmosphere in both gaseous and particulate phases via spray drifts from treatments and post application emissions, but its chemical degradation in the atmosphere has not been well characterized. In this study, the heterogeneous kinetics of particulate ametryn with NO3 radicals were investigated with a mixed-phase relative rate method. A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS) and an atmospheric gas analysis mass spectrometer were synchronously used to online monitor the decays of particulate ametryn and gas-phase isoprene. The reactive uptake coefficient of NO3 radicals on ametryn particles was calculated to be 2.9 × 10(-2), according to the measured ametryn loss ratio and the average NO3 concentration. The effective rate constant for the heterogeneous reaction of particulate ametryn with NO3 radicals measured under experimental conditions was 8.4 × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). In addition, atraton, ametryn sulfoxide and ametryn sulfone were identified as the reaction products by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The experimental results might shed light on the chemical behavior of atmospheric ametryn at night-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Geng Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China.
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10
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Kalafut-Pettibone AJ, Klems JP, Burgess DR, McGivern WS. Alkylperoxy Radical Photochemistry in Organic Aerosol Formation Processes. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:14141-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4094996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J. Kalafut-Pettibone
- Chemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Joseph P. Klems
- Chemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Donald R. Burgess
- Chemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - W. Sean McGivern
- Chemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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11
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Liu C, Zhang P, Wang Y, Yang B, Shu J. Heterogeneous reactions of particulate methoxyphenols with NO₃ radicals: kinetics, products, and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:13262-9. [PMID: 23171305 DOI: 10.1021/es303889z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Methoxyphenols, tracers for wood smoke, are emitted into the atmosphere in large quantities, but their chemical degradation in the atmosphere has not been well characterized. In this study, heterogeneous kinetics of particulate syringaldehyde (SA), vanillic acid (VA), and coniferyl aldehyde (CA) with NO₃ radicals is investigated with a mixed-phase relative rate method. A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer and an atmospheric gas analysis mass spectrometer are used to monitor online the decays of particulate methoxyphenols and gas-phase isoprene synchronously. The reactive uptake coefficients of NO₃ radicals on SA, VA, and CA particles are calculated to be 0.33, 0.31, and 0.28, respectively, according to the measured methoxyphenol loss ratios and the average NO₃ concentrations. The effective rate constants for heterogeneous reactions of particulate SA, VA, and CA with NO₃ radicals measured under experimental conditions are 5.7 × 10⁻¹², 5.2 × 10⁻¹², and 3.5 × 10⁻¹² cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively. In addition, oxalic acid, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone, 5-nitro-VA, 4,6-dinitrogaiacol, protocatechuic acid, vanillin, 5-nitrovanillin, VA, and 5-nitro-CA are identified as the reaction products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. On the basis of the identified products, the reaction mechanisms of methoxyphenols with NO₃ radicals are proposed. The main transformation pathway of methoxyphenols is the NO₃ electrophilic addition, followed by H-abstraction and nitro-substituted processes. The experimental results might shed light on the chemical behaviors of methoxyphenols at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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12
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Liu Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Gong X, Yang B, Tan L, Qi B. Nighttime peroxy radicals chemistry at Rishiri Island during the campaign RISFEX 2003. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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14
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Stone D, Whalley LK, Heard DE. Tropospheric OH and HO2 radicals: field measurements and model comparisons. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6348-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brown SS, Dubé WP, Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Atlas E, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, te Lintel Hekkert S, Brock CA, Flocke F, Trainer M, Parrish DD, Feshenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Budgets for nocturnal VOC oxidation by nitrate radicals aloft during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William P. Dubé
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Elliot Atlas
- Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Charles A. Brock
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Frank Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Michael Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - David D. Parrish
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Frederick C. Feshenfeld
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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Khan MAH, Hoque MMN, Alam SS, Ashfold MJ, Nickless G, Shallcross DE. Estimation and comparison of night-time OH levels in the UK urban atmosphere using two different analysis methods. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:60-64. [PMID: 21476341 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites (Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly measurements of NO, NO2, O3, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 x 10(5) - 1 x 10(6) molecules/cm3 at these four urban sites in the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant difference between the OH levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. Night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer and spring time tracking the night-time O3 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anwar H Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
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Garzón A, Albaladejo J, Notario A, Peña-Ruiz T, Fernández-Gómez M. Kinetic and theoretical study of the reaction of Cl atoms with a series of linear thiols. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:194303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3012355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Huang DR, Chu LK, Lee YP. Infrared absorption of gaseous CH3OO detected with a step-scan Fourier-transform spectrometer. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:234318. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2807241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Chung CY, Cheng CW, Lee YP, Liao HY, Sharp EN, Rupper P, Miller TA. Rovibronic bands of the Ã←X̃ transition of CH3OO and CD3OO detected with cavity ringdown absorption near 1.2–1.4μm. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:044311. [PMID: 17672694 DOI: 10.1063/1.2747616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recorded several rovibronic bands of CH3OO and CD3OO in their A<--X transitions in the range of 1.18-1.40 microm with the cavity ringdown technique. While the electronic origins for these species have been reported previously, many newly observed rovibronic bands are described here. The experimental vibrational frequencies (given as nu in the unit cm(-1) in this paper) for the COO bending (nu8) and COO symmetric stretching (nu7) modes in the A state are 378 and 887 cm(-1) for CH3OO, and 348 and 824 cm(-1) for CD3OO, respectively. In addition, two other vibrational frequencies were observed for the A state of CD3OO, namely, nu5 (954 cm(-1)) and nu6 (971 cm(-1)). These experimental vibrational frequencies for the A state of both CH3OO and CD3OO are in good agreement with predictions from quantum-chemical calculations at the UB3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The enhanced activity of the nu5 vibrational mode in CD3OO is rationalized by mode mixing with the nu7 mode, as supported by calculations of multidimensional Franck-Condon factors. In addition, many hot bands involving the methyl torsional mode (nu12) are observed for both normal and deuterated methyl peroxy. These bands include the "typical" sequence transitions and some "atypical" ones due to the nature of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions which are a consequence of the low, but very different, torsional barriers in the X and A states. In addition, the 12(2)2 band in CH3OO and the 12(3)3 band in CD3OO show quite different structures than the origin bands, an effect which results from tunneling splittings comparable to the rotational contour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Kanaya Y, Cao R, Kato S, Miyakawa Y, Kajii Y, Tanimoto H, Yokouchi Y, Mochida M, Kawamura K, Akimoto H. Chemistry of OH and HO2radicals observed at Rishiri Island, Japan, in September 2003: Missing daytime sink of HO2and positive nighttime correlations with monoterpenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Garzón A, Notario A, Albaladejo J, Peña-Ruiz T, Fernández-Gómez M. An experimental and theoretical study of the reaction of ethanethiol with Cl atoms. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aldener M, Brown SS, Stark H, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Quinn PK, Bates TS, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Reactivity and loss mechanisms of NO3
and N2
O5
in a polluted marine environment: Results from in situ measurements during New England Air Quality Study 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Aldener
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Harald Stark
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Eric J. Williams
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brian M. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William C. Kuster
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paul D. Goldan
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | | | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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23
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Ren X, Brune WH, Oliger A, Metcalf AR, Simpas JB, Shirley T, Schwab JJ, Bai C, Roychowdhury U, Li Y, Cai C, Demerjian KL, He Y, Zhou X, Gao H, Hou J. OH, HO2, and OH reactivity during the PMTACS-NY Whiteface Mountain 2002 campaign: Observations and model comparison. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Ren
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - William H. Brune
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Angelique Oliger
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Andrew R. Metcalf
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - James B. Simpas
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Terry Shirley
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - James J. Schwab
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Chunhong Bai
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Utpal Roychowdhury
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Yongquan Li
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Chenxia Cai
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Kenneth L. Demerjian
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Honglian Gao
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology; State University of New York; Albany New York USA
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24
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Vaughan S, Canosa-Mas CE, Pfrang C, Shallcross DE, Watson L, Wayne RP. Kinetic studies of reactions of the nitrate radical (NO3) with peroxy radicals (RO2): an indirect source of OH at night? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:3749-60. [PMID: 16896438 DOI: 10.1039/b605569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A discharge-flow system, coupled to cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) detection systems for NO3 at lambda=662 nm and NO2 at lambda=404 nm, was used to investigate the kinetics of the reactions of NO3 with eight peroxy radicals at P approximately 5 Torr and T approximately 295 K. Values of the rate constants obtained were (k/10(-12) cm3 molecule-1 s-1): CH3O2 (1.1+/-0.5), C2H5O2 (2.3+/-0.7), CH2FO2 (1.4+/-0.9), CH2ClO2 (3.8(+1.4)(-2.6)), c-C5H9O2 (1.2(+1.1)(-0.5)), c-C6H11O2 (1.9+/-0.7), CF3O2 (0.62+/-0.17) and CF3CFO2CF3 (0.24+/-0.13). We explore possible relationships between k and the orbital energies of the reactants. We also provide a brief discussion of the potential impact of the reactions of NO3 with RO2 on the chemistry of the night-time atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Vaughan
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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25
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Green TJ, Reeves CE, Fleming ZL, Brough N, Rickard AR, Bandy BJ, Monks PS, Penkett SA. An improved dual channel PERCA instrument for atmospheric measurements of peroxy radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:530-6. [PMID: 16688354 DOI: 10.1039/b514630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new dual-channel PEroxy RadiCal Amplification (PERCA) instrument, which has been designed to improve the time resolution and signal to noise and to reduce the interference caused by variations in ambient ozone concentrations. The instrument was run at the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (WAO), North Norfolk, during WAOWEX (Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory Winter Experiment) in January/February 2002 and INSPECTRO (Influence of clouds on the spectral actinic flux in the lower troposphere) in September 2002. The performance of the instrument is assessed and compared to that of a single channel instrument. In particular, it is shown how the precision is greatly improved in fluctuating background ozone conditions. In addition the improved time response of the instrument allows changes in peroxy radical concentrations to be related to rapid changes in nitric oxide concentrations and the ozone photolysis frequency, j(O(1)D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Green
- School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia, University Plain, Norwich, UKNR4 7TJ
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26
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Abstract
Atmospheric free radicals are low concentration, relatively fast reacting species whose influence is felt throughout the atmosphere. Reactive radicals have a key role in maintaining a balanced atmospheric composition through their central function in controlling the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. In this tutorial review, the chemistry of three main groups of atmospheric radicals HO(x), NO(x) and XO(x)(X = Cl, Br, I) are examined in terms of their sources, interconversions and sinks. Key examples of the chemistry are given for each group of radicals in their atmospheric context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Monks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, UK.
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27
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Chuong B, Zhang J, Donahue NM. Cycloalkene Ozonolysis: Collisionally Mediated Mechanistic Branching. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:12363-73. [PMID: 15453770 DOI: 10.1021/ja0485412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Master equation calculations on a computational potential energy surface reveal that collisional stabilization at atmospheric pressure becomes important in the gas-phase ozonolysis of endocyclic alkenes for a carbon number between 8 and 15. Because the reaction products from endocyclic ozonolysis are tethered, this system is ideal for consideration of collisional energy transfer, as chemical activation is confined to a single reaction product. Collisional stabilization of the Criegee intermediate precedes collisional stabilization of the primary ozonide by roughly an order of magnitude in pressure. The stabilization of the Criegee intermediate leads to a dramatic transformation in the dominant oxidation pathway from a radical-forming process at low carbon number to a secondary ozonide-forming process at high carbon number. Secondary ozonide formation is important even for syn-isomer Criegee intermediates, contrary to previous speculation. We use substituted cyclohexenes as analogues for atmospherically important mono- and sesquiterpenes, which are major precursors for secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere. Combining these calculations with literature experimental data, we conclude that the transformation from chemically activated to collisionally stabilized behavior most probably occurs between the mono- and sesquiterpenes, thus causing dramatically different atmospheric behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Chuong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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28
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Monks PS. Attenuation of spectral actinic flux and photolysis frequencies at the surface through homogenous cloud fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Sadanaga Y, Matsumoto J, Kajii Y. Photochemical reactions in the urban air: Recent understandings of radical chemistry. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(03)00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Geyer A. Direct observations of daytime NO3: Implications for urban boundary layer chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Volz-Thomas A. Introduction to Special Section: Photochemistry Experiment in BERLIOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Holland F. Measurements of OH and HO2radical concentrations and photolysis frequencies during BERLIOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Creasey DJ, Heard DE, Lee JD. Eastern Atlantic Spring Experiment 1997 (EASE97) 1. Measurements of OH and HO2concentrations at Mace Head, Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. E. Heard
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. D. Lee
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
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34
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Carslaw N. Eastern Atlantic Spring Experiment 1997 (EASE97) 2. Comparisons of model concentrations of OH, HO2, and RO2with measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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