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Zhang M, Jia W, Zhu G, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Xiong H, Yang L, Zhang F. Contribution of recycled moisture to precipitation and its influencing factors in the subalpine zone of Qilian Mountains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45947-45959. [PMID: 35152354 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recycled moisture, the part of precipitating vapor that comes from surface evapotranspiration, plays an important role in the hydrological process and the feedback of the land surface-atmosphere system. In this study, we use the δ2H and δ18O data of precipitation, plant water, and surface water systematically collected in the subalpine area of the Qilian Mountains from May to October, 2019, and assess the contribution of recycled moisture to precipitation based on the three-component isotopic mixing model. The results indicated that the main source of precipitating vapor comes from the advected vapor, and its contribution reaches up to 87.8 ± 1.6%. The contribution of local recycled moisture is 12.2 ± 1.6%, in which the proportion of transpiration and evaporation are 8.9 ± 0.6% and 3.3 ± 1.0%, respectively. In terms of the correlation between recycled moisture and its influencing factors, the temperature has a positive effect on evapotranspiration and promotes moisture recycling, while precipitation and humidity have a certain inhibition effect on evapotranspiration and reduce the contribution of recycled moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wenxiong Jia
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Guofeng Zhu
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Shi
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Le Yang
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fuhua Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Stable Water Isotopologues in the Stratosphere Retrieved from Odin/SMR Measurements. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Galewsky J, Steen-Larsen HC, Field RD, Worden J, Risi C, Schneider M. Stable isotopes in atmospheric water vapor and applications to the hydrologic cycle. REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1985) 2016; 54:809-865. [PMID: 32661517 PMCID: PMC7357203 DOI: 10.1002/2015rg000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The measurement and simulation of water vapor isotopic composition has matured rapidly over the last decade, with long-term datasets and comprehensive modeling capabilities now available. Theories for water vapor isotopic composition have been developed by extending the theories that have been used for the isotopic composition of precipitation to include a more nuanced understanding of evaporation, large-scale mixing, deep convection, and kinetic fractionation. The technologies for in-situ and remote sensing measurements of water vapor isotopic composition have developed especially rapidly over the last decade, with discrete water vapor sampling methods, based on mass spectroscopy, giving way to laser spectroscopic methods and satellite- and ground-based infrared absorption techniques. The simulation of water vapor isotopic composition has evolved from General Circulation Model (GCM) methods for simulating precipitation isotopic composition to sophisticated isotope-enabled microphysics schemes using higher-order moments for water- and ice-size distributions. The incorporation of isotopes into GCMs has enabled more detailed diagnostics of the water cycle and has led to improvements in its simulation. The combination of improved measurement and modeling of water vapor isotopic composition opens the door to new advances in our understanding of the atmospheric water cycle, in processes ranging from the marine boundary layer, through deep convection and tropospheric mixing, and into the water cycle of the stratosphere. Finally, studies of the processes governing modern water vapor isotopic composition provide an improved framework for the interpretation of paleoclimate proxy records of the hydrological cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Galewsky
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Robert D Field
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Worden
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Camille Risi
- Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Dessler AE, Ye H, Wang T, Schoeberl MR, Oman LD, Douglass AR, Butler AH, Rosenlof KH, Davis SM, Portmann RW. Transport of ice into the stratosphere and the humidification of the stratosphere over the 21 st century. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 43:2323-2329. [PMID: 29551841 PMCID: PMC5854491 DOI: 10.1002/2016gl067991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict that tropical lower-stratospheric humidity will increase as the climate warms. We examine this trend in two state-of-the-art chemistry-climate models. Under high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, the stratospheric entry value of water vapor increases by ~1 part per million by volume (ppmv) over this century in both models. We show with trajectory runs driven by model meteorological fields that the warming tropical tropopause layer (TTL) explains 50-80% of this increase. The remainder is a consequence of trends in evaporation of ice convectively lofted into the TTL and lower stratosphere. Our results further show that, within the models we examined, ice lofting is primarily important on long time scales - on interannual time scales, TTL temperature variations explain most of the variations in lower stratospheric humidity. Assessing the ability of models to realistically represent ice-lofting processes should be a high priority in the modeling community.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Dessler
- Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - H Ye
- Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - T Wang
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory / Caltech, Pasadena, CA
| | | | - L D Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | | | - A H Butler
- NOAA Earth System Research Lab, Boulder, CO
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | | | - S M Davis
- NOAA Earth System Research Lab, Boulder, CO
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO
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Zelinger Z, Barret B, Kubát P, Ricaud P, Attie JL, Le Flochmoën E, Urban J, Murtagh D, Střižík M. Observation of HD18O, CH3OH and vibrationally-excited N2O from Odin/SMR measurements. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970600875380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Zelinger
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Praha, Czech Republic
| | - B. Barret
- Laboratoire d'Aerologie UMR 5560 CNRS/Universite Paul Sabatier , Observatoire de Midi–Pyrenees 14, Toulouse, France
| | - P. Kubát
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Praha, Czech Republic
| | - P. Ricaud
- Laboratoire d'Aerologie UMR 5560 CNRS/Universite Paul Sabatier , Observatoire de Midi–Pyrenees 14, Toulouse, France
| | - J.-L. Attie
- Laboratoire d'Aerologie UMR 5560 CNRS/Universite Paul Sabatier , Observatoire de Midi–Pyrenees 14, Toulouse, France
| | - E. Le Flochmoën
- Laboratoire d'Aerologie UMR 5560 CNRS/Universite Paul Sabatier , Observatoire de Midi–Pyrenees 14, Toulouse, France
| | - J. Urban
- Chalmers University , Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | - M. Střižík
- VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava , Faculty of Safety Engineering, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Sayres DS, Pfister L, Hanisco TF, Moyer EJ, Smith JB, St. Clair JM, O'Brien AS, Witinski MF, Legg M, Anderson JG. Influence of convection on the water isotopic composition of the tropical tropopause layer and tropical stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bony S, Risi C, Vimeux F. Influence of convective processes on the isotopic composition (δ18O andδD) of precipitation and water vapor in the tropics: 1. Radiative-convective equilibrium and Tropical Ocean–Global Atmosphere–Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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St Clair JM, Hanisco TF, Weinstock EM, Moyer EJ, Sayres DS, Keutsch FN, Kroll JH, Demusz JN, Allen NT, Smith JB, Spackman JR, Anderson JG. A new photolysis laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the detection of H2O and HDO in the lower stratosphere. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:064101. [PMID: 18601418 DOI: 10.1063/1.2940221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a new instrument, Hoxotope, for the in situ measurement of H(2)O and its heavy deuterium isotopologue (HDO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere aboard the NASA WB-57. Sensitive measurements of deltaD are accomplished through the vacuum UV photolysis of water followed by laser-induced fluorescence detection of the resultant OH and OD photofragments. The photolysis laser-induced fluorescence technique can obtain S/N>20 for 1 ppbv HDO and S/N>30 for 5 ppmv H(2)O for 10 s data, providing the sensitivity required for deltaD measurements in the tropopause region. The technique responds rapidly to changing water concentrations due to its inherently small sampling volume, augmented by steps taken to minimize water uptake on instrument plumbing. Data from the summer 2005 Aura Validation Experiment Water Isotope Intercomparison Flights (AVE-WIIF) out of Houston, TX show agreement for H(2)O between Hoxotope and the Harvard water vapor instrument and for HDO between Hoxotope and the Harvard ICOS water isotope instrument, to within stated instrument uncertainties. The successful intercomparison validates Hoxotope as a credible source of deltaD data in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M St Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Nassar R, Bernath PF, Boone CD, Gettelman A, McLeod SD, Rinsland CP. Variability in HDO/H2O abundance ratios in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dessler AE, Hanisco TF, Fueglistaler S. Effects of convective ice lofting on H2O and HDO in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gettelman A. Simulations of water isotope abundances in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and implications for stratosphere troposphere exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Schmidt GA, Hoffmann G, Shindell DT, Hu Y. Modeling atmospheric stable water isotopes and the potential for constraining cloud processes and stratosphere-troposphere water exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McCarthy MC. The hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor entering the stratosphere inferred from high-precision measurements of δD-CH4and δD-H2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Webster CR, Heymsfield AJ. Water isotope ratios D/H, 18O/16O, 17O/16O in and out of clouds map dehydration pathways. Science 2003; 302:1742-5. [PMID: 14657493 DOI: 10.1126/science.1089496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Water isotope ratios have been measured by laser absorption spectroscopy in and out of cirrus clouds formed in situ and convectively generated in anvils over subtropical regions. Water vapor in the tropical and subtropical upper troposphere shows a wide range of isotopic depletion not observed previously. The range suggests that dehydration of upper tropospheric air occurs both by convective dehydration and by gradual dehydration mechanisms. Twenty-five percent of upper tropospheric water sampled is in ice particles whose isotopic signatures are used to identify those grown in situ from those lofted from below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Webster
- Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
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Sandor BJ. HDO in the mesosphere: Observation and modeling of novel isotopic variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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