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Han Y, He Z, Yang GP. Distributions of volatile halocarbons and impacts of ocean acidification on their production in coastal waters of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141756. [PMID: 32890825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The volatile halocarbons (VHCs) CH3I, C2HCl3, C2Cl4, and CH2Br2 were measured in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent waters during autumn 2018. Results revealed that their concentrations in coastal waters were influenced by anthropogenic activities, biological release, and complex hydrographic features. The vertical distributions of VHCs were determined mostly by the mixing of water masses. By investigating the impacts of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, nutrients, and pH on the distributions of these trace gases we revealed that C2HCl3 and C2Cl4 were positively correlated with salinity and nutrient availability. The sea-to-air fluxes of CH3I, C2HCl3, C2Cl4, and CH2Br2 were estimated to be 27.62, 280.3, 221.73, and 142.41 nmol m-2 day-1, respectively, suggesting that the study area was a net source of these trace gases. The impact of elevated fCO2 on the production of the four volatile halocarbons was studied using mesocosms in Wu Yuan Bay, Xiamen. The results showed that elevated fCO2 had little impact on the VHCs. Positive relationships were observed between CH2Br2 and phytoplankton biomass when fCO2 was low, and between CH3I and phytoplankton biomass when fCO2 was high, suggesting that algal release was a significant source of both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhen He
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Zhang Y, Song R, Sun Y, Sun J, Liu YG, Wang R. Computational study on the mechanisms and reaction pathways of the brominated alkyl radical (CHBr 2 /CBr 3 ) with NO 2 reactions. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Simpson WR, Brown SS, Saiz-Lopez A, Thornton JA, Glasow RV. Tropospheric halogen chemistry: sources, cycling, and impacts. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4035-62. [PMID: 25763598 PMCID: PMC4469175 DOI: 10.1021/cr5006638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R Simpson
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Steven S Brown
- ‡NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- ¶Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joel A Thornton
- §Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1640, United States
| | - Roland von Glasow
- ∥Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Development of a simplified, cost effective GC-ECD methodology for the sensitive detection of bromoform in the troposphere. SENSORS 2012. [PMID: 23202011 PMCID: PMC3545582 DOI: 10.3390/s121013583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wherever measurements have been made bromoform was found to be ubiquitous in the surface ocean in pmolar-nmolar concentrations. These measurements show concentrations in coastal regions orders of magnitude higher than in the pelagic oceans. Its atmospheric presence is primarily due to its release from algae and rapid transport to the marine boundary troposphere where it is known to participate in ozone chemistry via photochemical and catalytic pathways. Until quite recently, a limited number of studies existed (compared to other marine volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), mainly due to the analytical challenge(s) presented by the low environmental mixing ratios. In this work we detail the development of a simplified, cost effective method to detect and quantify bromoform in environmental air samples. Air samples (1.5 L) were preconcentrated onto a precooled adsorbent (Carbopack X/Carboxen 1016) trap. These samples were injected by means of rapid thermal desorption for separation and detection by GC-ECD. The system was calibrated by means of a custom-built permeation oven. A linear system response was achieved, having a detection limit of 0.73 ± 0.09 ppt. A range of environmental samples was analysed to demonstrate the ability of the technique to separate and identify bromoform from air samples. The results showed that bromoform concentrations typically averaged 24.7 ± 17.3 ppt in marine air samples, 68.5 ± 26.3 ppt in Cape Town urban air samples and 33.9 ± 40.5 ppt in simulated biomass burning plumes (SBBP).
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Liu Y, Yvon-Lewis SA, Hu L, Salisbury JE, O'Hern JE. CHBr3, CH2Br2, and CHClBr2in U.S. coastal waters during the Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jc006729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhou Y, Mao H, Russo RS, Blake DR, Wingenter OW, Haase KB, Ambrose J, Varner RK, Talbot R, Sive BC. Bromoform and dibromomethane measurements in the seacoast region of New Hampshire, 2002–2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Warwick NJ, Pyle JA, Carver GD, Yang X, Savage NH, O'Connor FM, Cox RA. Global modeling of biogenic bromocarbons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sioris CE, Kovalenko LJ, McLinden CA, Salawitch RJ, Van Roozendael M, Goutail F, Dorf M, Pfeilsticker K, Chance K, von Savigny C, Liu X, Kurosu TP, Pommereau JP, Bösch H, Frerick J. Latitudinal and vertical distribution of bromine monoxide in the lower stratosphere from Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography limb scattering measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Grecea ML, Backus EHG, Kleyn AW, Bonn M. Surface Photochemistry of Bromoform on Ice: Cross Section and Competing Reaction Pathways. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:17574-8. [PMID: 16853248 DOI: 10.1021/jp052586n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 266 nm photodissociation of bromoform adsorbed on an amorphous solid water (ASW) layer has been investigated for the first time under well-defined ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements indicate direct release of gas-phase Br, CHBr2, Br2, and CHBr species, with potential implications for stratospheric chemistry. Furthermore, new, ice-surface-mediated C-C (C2H2Br2) and C-O (CHBrO, CO) species are revealed in postirradiation temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection absorption infrared (RAIR) spectra. A cross section of approximately 5 x 10(-20) cm2 is determined for bromoform photodissociation at 266 nm based on the integrated area of both the TOF spectra of Br and Br2 and the postirradiation TPD curves of CHBr3. The involvement of the free, non-hydrogen-bonded water groups at the ASW surface in the formation of the photoproducts is evident from the RAIRS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail L Grecea
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, University of Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Bayes KD, Friedl RR, Sander SP. Kinetics of the Reactions of the CHBr2 and CHBr2O2 Radicals with O2 and NO. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3045-51. [PMID: 16833628 DOI: 10.1021/jp044842m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When bromoform (CHBr3) is photolyzed at 266 or 303 nm in the presence of O2 and NO, the formation of secondary Br atoms is observed. By following the rate of growth of this secondary Br atom signal as a function of conditions, rate constants have been determined for the reactions CHBr2 + O2, CHBr2 + NO (both pressure-dependent), and CHBr2O2 + NO (k(2a) = (1.74 +/- 0.16) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) at 23 degrees C). By measuring the amplitude of the secondary Br signal compared to the primary Br formed in the initial photolysis, it is established that the CHBr2O radical spontaneously decomposes to form CHBrO + Br at least 90%, and probably 100%, of the time, in agreement with previous work and with recent ab initio calculations. A survey of four other polybrominated methanes, CH2Br2, CHClBr2, CF2Br2, and CBr4, shows that they all generate secondary Br atoms when photolyzed at 266 nm in the presence of O2 and NO, suggesting that their reaction sequences are similar to that of bromoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Bayes
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
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Yang X, Cox RA, Warwick NJ, Pyle JA, Carver GD, O'Connor FM, Savage NH. Tropospheric bromine chemistry and its impacts on ozone: A model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chuck AL. Oceanic distributions and air-sea fluxes of biogenic halocarbons in the open ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jc002741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grecea M, Backus E, Fraser H, Pradeep T, Kleyn A, Bonn M. Mobility of haloforms on ice surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kawa SR. Global CO2transport simulations using meteorological data from the NASA data assimilation system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bayes KD, Friedl RR, Sander SP, Toohey DW. Measurements of quantum yields of bromine atoms in the photolysis of bromoform from 266 to 324 nm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Bayes
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Randall R. Friedl
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Stanley P. Sander
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Darin W. Toohey
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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McGivern WS, Francisco JS, North SW. Investigation of the Atmospheric Oxidation Pathways of Bromoform: Initiation via OH/Cl Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0255886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Sean McGivern
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
| | - Simon W. North
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, and Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
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