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Aswini AR, Hegde P, Aryasree S, Girach IA, Nair PR. Continental outflow of anthropogenic aerosols over Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean during wintertime: ICARB-2018 campaign. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135214. [PMID: 31836221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols over Arabian Sea (AS) and Indian Ocean (IO) have been carried out during the winter period (January to February 2018) as part of the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB-2018). Mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble and insoluble OC (WSOC, WIOC), primary and secondary OC (POC, SOC), water-soluble inorganic ions and trace metals have been estimated with a view to identify and quantify the major anthropogenic pollutants affecting the oceanic environments. Aerosol mass loading was found to exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity (varying from 13 to 84 μg m-3), significantly modulated by the origin of air-mass trajectories. Chemical analysis of aerosols revealed the presence of an intense pollution plume over south-eastern coastal Arabian Sea, near to south-west Indian peninsula (extending from ~ 12°N to 0° at 75°E) with a strong latitudinal gradient (~3 μg m-3/deg. from north to south) dominated by anthropogenic species contributing as high as 73% (38% nss-SO42-, 24.2% carbonaceous aerosols (21% Organic Matter, 3.2% EC) and 10% NH4+). Anthropogenic signature over oceanic environment was also evident from the dominance and high enrichment of elements like Zn, Cu, Mn and Pb in trace metals. Long-range transport of air-masses originating from Indo Gangetic Plains and its outflow regions in Bay of Bengal, has been seen over Arabian Sea during winter, that imparted such strong anthropogenic signatures over this oceanic environment. Comparison with previous cruise studies conducted nearly two decades ago shows a more than two-fold increase in the concentration of nss-SO42-, over the continental outflow region in Arabian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Aswini
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Prashant Hegde
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - S Aryasree
- Institute for applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Imran A Girach
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Prabha R Nair
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Carbonaceous Aerosol Emitted from Biofuel Household Stove Combustion in South China. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Near-source measurements of smoke emissions from household stove combustion in a rural area of South China were conducted with 7 typical biomass fuels. Particulate matter samples (both PM10 and PM2.5) were analyzed for their carbonaceous components, including organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) as well as levoglucosan (molecular tracer of biomass burning), employing thermal-optical and GC-MS analysis. The OC and EC content in PM2.5 and PM10 smoke particles derived from the various types of vegetation showed different patterns with the smallest values observed for straw type fuels. The OC/EC ratios in PM2.5 and PM10 showed an order of straw > hardwood > bamboo > softwood. Mass concentrations of particulate matter emitted from rice straw burning were highest with 12.23 ± 0.87 mg/m3 (PM10) and 9.31 ± 0.81 mg/m3 (PM2.5), while the mass ratios (LG/PM and OC/PM) were lowest among the 7 fuels, indicating that particle emissions from straw burning were higher than those from woody fuels, using similar burning conditions. The levoglucosan emission ratios were rather high and this single most abundant organic species was mainly present in the fine particle mode. Linear correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between levoglucosan and EC emissions.
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Aswini AR, Hegde P, Nair PR, Aryasree S. Seasonal changes in carbonaceous aerosols over a tropical coastal location in response to meteorological processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1261-1279. [PMID: 30625656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Near-surface atmospheric aerosols (PM10) collected from a tropical coastal location in south-west peninsular Indian region for a duration of 6 years (2012-18) (N = 461) were analysed for carbonaceous aerosol components, the less studied aerosol species. Organic carbon (OC), its water soluble-insoluble (WSOC and WIOC) components, primary-secondary (POC and SOC) fractions and elemental carbon (EC) were examined for understanding the annual, seasonal, day-night variations in abundance pattern along with associated physical and meteorological processes. Total carbonaceous aerosols accounting for 36% of the collected aerosol mass with 31.5% organic matter (OM) and 4.5% EC respectively, exhibited consistent seasonal pattern throughout the study period with high concentration during winter followed by post-monsoon, pre-monsoon and monsoon. Delineation of marine and continental components of carbonaceous species based on their relative dominance during different air-mass periods, shows that while marine aerosols were a combination of natural sources comprising of volatile, semi-volatile species and secondary organics (from marine VOC precursors); the continental aerosols were composed of anthropogenic combustion sources (fossil fuel, biomass emissions etc). Based on the measurements of OC and EC during 2005-09 and 2012-18, their long term trends (for more than a decade) were investigated. Although OC showed an increasing tendency, EC exhibited a decrease with the total carbonaceous aerosols exhibiting a gradual decreasing trend over the years, indicating that they do not strictly reverberate the reported increasing trend observed over north-central parts of India. This can be presumed to be due to the reduced anthropogenic inputs over the location owing to the control measures and policies. The strong convective activity and large scale monsoon phenomena also helps in the effective dispersion of pollutants. Making use of comprehensive measurement of carbonaceous aerosols and the previous measurements of other aerosol components, an improved chemical composition model is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Aswini
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Prashant Hegde
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - Prabha R Nair
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Aryasree
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Sahu RK, Pervez S, Chow JC, Watson JG, Tiwari S, Panicker AS, Chakrabarty RK, Pervez YF. Temporal and spatial variations of PM 2.5 organic and elemental carbon in Central India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2205-2222. [PMID: 29603086 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study describes spatiotemporal patterns from October 2015 to September 2016 for PM2.5 mass and carbon measurements in rural (Kosmarra), urban (Raipur), and industrial (Bhilai) environments, in Chhattisgarh, Central India. Twenty-four-hour samples were acquired once every other week at the rural and industrial sites. Twelve-hour daytime and nighttime samples were acquired either a once a week or once every other week at the urban site. Each site was equipped with two portable, battery-powered, miniVol air samplers with PM2.5 inlets. Annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations were 71.8 ± 27 µg m-3 at the rural site, 133 ± 51 µg m-3 at the urban site, and 244.5 ± 63.3 µg m-3 at the industrial site, ~ 2-6 times higher than the Indian Annual National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 40 µg m-3. Average monthly nighttime PM2.5 and carbon concentrations at the urban site were consistently higher than those of daytime from November 2015 to April 2016, when temperatures were low. Annual average total carbon (TC = OC + EC) at the urban (46.8 ± 23.8 µg m-3) and industrial (98.0 ± 17.2 µg m-3) sites also exceeded the Indian PM2.5 NAAQS. TC accounted for 30-40% of PM2.5 mass. Annual average OC ranged from 17.8 ± 6.1 µg m-3 at the rural site to 64 ± 9.4 µg m-3 at the industrial site, with EC ranging from 4.51 ± 2.2 to 34.01 ± 7.8 µg m-3. The average OC/EC ratio at the industrial site (1.88) was 18% lower than that at the urban site and 52% lower than that at the rural site. OC was attributed to 43.0% of secondary organic carbon (SOC) at the rural site, twice that estimated for the urban and industrial sites. Mortality burden estimates for PM2.5 EC are 4416 and 6196 excess deaths at the urban and industrial sites, respectively, during 2015-2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Sahu
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Shamsh Pervez
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
| | - Judith C Chow
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV, USA
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - John G Watson
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV, USA
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Suresh Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | | | - Rajan K Chakrabarty
- Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering (CASE), Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yasmeen Fatima Pervez
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, CSIT, Kolihapuri, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
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Samset BH, Stjern CW, Andrews E, Kahn RA, Myhre G, Schulz M, Schuster GL. Aerosol Absorption: Progress Towards Global and Regional Constraints. CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTS 2018; 4:65-83. [PMID: 31008020 PMCID: PMC6448288 DOI: 10.1007/s40641-018-0091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Some aerosols absorb solar radiation, altering cloud properties, atmospheric stability and circulation dynamics, and the water cycle. Here we review recent progress towards global and regional constraints on aerosol absorption from observations and modeling, considering physical properties and combined approaches crucial for understanding the total (natural and anthropogenic) influences of aerosols on the climate. RECENT FINDINGS We emphasize developments in black carbon absorption alteration due to coating and ageing, brown carbon characterization, dust composition, absorbing aerosol above cloud, source modeling and size distributions, and validation of high-resolution modeling against a range of observations. SUMMARY Both observations and modeling of total aerosol absorption, absorbing aerosol optical depths and single scattering albedo, as well as the vertical distribution of atmospheric absorption, still suffer from uncertainties and unknowns significant for climate applications. We offer a roadmap of developments needed to bring the field substantially forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn H. Samset
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ralph A. Kahn
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - Gunnar Myhre
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
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Hegde P, Kawamura K. Chemical Constituents of Carbonaceous and Nitrogen Aerosols over Thumba Region, Trivandrum, India. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:456-473. [PMID: 28668997 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol filter samples collected at a tropical coastal site Thumba over Indian region were analysed for water-soluble ions, total carbon and nitrogen, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon/nitrogen and their sources for different seasons of the year. For the entire study period, the order of abundance of ions showed the dominance of secondary ions, such as SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+. On average, Mg2+ (56%), K+ (11%), SO42- (8.8%), and Ca2+ (8.1%) contributions were from maritime influence. There was significant chloride depletion due to enhanced levels of inorganic acids, such as SO42- and NO3-. Total carbon contributed 21% of the aerosol total suspended particulate matter in which 85% is organic carbon. Primary combustion-generated carbonaceous aerosols contributed 41% of aerosol mass for the entire study period. High average ratios of OC/EC (5.5 ± 1.8) and WSOC/OC (0.38 ± 0.11) suggest that organic aerosols are predominantly comprised of secondary species. In our samples, major fraction (89 ± 9%) was found to be inorganic nitrate in total nitrogen (TN). Good correlations (R 2 ≥ 0.82) were observed between TN with NO3- plus NH4+, indicating that nitrate and ammonium ions account for a significant portion of TN. The temporal variations in the specific carbonaceous aerosols and air mass trajectories demonstrated that several pollutants and/or their precursor compounds are likely transported from north western India and the oceanic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Hegde
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, India.
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
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Novakov T, Rosen H. The black carbon story: early history and new perspectives. AMBIO 2013; 42:840-51. [PMID: 23558981 PMCID: PMC3790137 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-013-0392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A number of recent studies have suggested that black carbon (BC), the light-absorbing fraction of soot, is next to CO2 one of the strongest contributors to the global climate change. BC heats the air, darkens the snow and ice surfaces and could contribute to the melting of Arctic ice, snowpacks, and glaciers. Although soot is the oldest known pollutant its importance in climate modification has only been recently recognized. In this article, we trace the historical developments over about three decades that changed the view of the role of BC in the environment, from a pollutant of marginal importance to one of the main climate change agents. We also discuss some of the reasons for the initial lack of interest in BC and the subsequent rigorous research activity on the role of aerosols in climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tica Novakov
- />Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Bldg 70, Rm 215, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Hal Rosen
- />Hitachi Research in San Jose, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135 USA
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Kristensen TB, Wex H, Nekat B, Nøjgaard JK, van Pinxteren D, Lowenthal DH, Mazzoleni LR, Dieckmann K, Bender Koch C, Mentel TF, Herrmann H, Gannet Hallar A, Stratmann F, Bilde M. Hygroscopic growth and CCN activity of HULIS from different environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sheesley RJ, Kirillova E, Andersson A, Kruså M, Praveen PS, Budhavant K, Safai PD, Rao PSP, Gustafsson Ö. Year-round radiocarbon-based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols at two background sites in South Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Fu P, Kawamura K, Miura K. Molecular characterization of marine organic aerosols collected during a round-the-world cruise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Miyazaki Y, Aggarwal SG, Singh K, Gupta PK, Kawamura K. Dicarboxylic acids and water-soluble organic carbon in aerosols in New Delhi, India, in winter: Characteristics and formation processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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van Pinxteren D, Brüggemann E, Gnauk T, Iinuma Y, Müller K, Nowak A, Achtert P, Wiedensohler A, Herrmann H. Size‐ and time‐resolved chemical particle characterization during CAREBeijing‐2006: Different pollution regimes and diurnal profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Gligorovski S, Rousse D, George CH, Herrmann H. Rate constants for the OH reactions with oxygenated organic compounds in aqueous solution. INT J CHEM KINET 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Edgerton ES, Casuccio GS, Saylor RD, Lersch TL, Hartsell BE, Jansen JJ, Hansen DA. Measurements of OC and EC in coarse particulate matter in the southeastern United States. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2009; 59:78-90. [PMID: 19216191 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.59.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content of filter-based, 24-hr integrated particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters between 2.5 and 10 microm (PM10-2.5) was measured at two urban and two rural locations in the southeastern United States. On average, total carbon (OC + EC) comprised approximately 30% of PM10-2.5 mass at these four sites. Carbonate carbon was measured on a subset of samples from three sites and was found to be undetectable at a rural site in central Alabama, less than 2% of PM10-2.5 at an urban site in Georgia, and less than 10% of PM10-2.5 at an urban-industrial site in Alabama. Manual scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computer-controlled SEM (CCSEM) along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to identify individual carbonaceous particles in a selected subset of samples collected at one rural site and one urban-industrial site in Alabama. CCSEM results showed that biological material (e.g., fungal spores, pollen, and vegetative detritus) accounted for 60-70% of the carbonaceous mass in PM10-2.5 samples with concentrations in the range of 2-16 microg/m3. Samples with higher PM10-2.5 concentrations (25-42 microg/m3) at the urban-industrial site were found by manual SEM to have significant amounts of unidentified carbonaceous material, likely originating from local industrial activities. Both filter-based OC and EC concentrations and SEM-identified biological material tended to have higher concentrations during warmer months. Upper limits for organic mass (OM) to OC ratios (OM/OC) are estimated for PM10-2.5 samples at 2.1 for urban sites and 2.6-2.7 for rural sites.
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George SK, Nair PR, Parameswaran K, Jacob S, Abraham A. Seasonal trends in chemical composition of aerosols at a tropical coastal site of India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Spencer MT, Holecek JC, Corrigan CE, Ramanathan V, Prather KA. Size-resolved chemical composition of aerosol particles during a monsoonal transition period over the Indian Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Nair VS, Babu SS, Moorthy KK. Aerosol characteristics in the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during ICARB: Spatial distribution and latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sullivan RC, Prather KA. Investigations of the diurnal cycle and mixing state of oxalic acid in individual particles in Asian aerosol outflow. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:8062-8069. [PMID: 18186338 DOI: 10.1021/es071134g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mixing state of oxalic acid was measured in Asian outflow during ACE-Asia by direct shipboard measurements using an ATOFMS single-particle mass spectrometer. Oxalic and malonic acids were found to be predominantly internally mixed with mineral dust and aged sea salt particles. A persistent diurnal cycle of oxalic acid in mineral dust occurred for over 25 days in marine, polluted marine, and dust storm air masses. The preferential enrichment of diacids in mineral dust over carbonaceous particles and their diurnal behavior indicate a photochemical source of the diacids. Oxalate was only detected simultaneously with elevated aged dust particle counts. This suggests that the diurnal production of diacids most likely results from episodic atmospheric processing of the polluted dust aerosol. We propose a mechanism to explain these observations in which the photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds is followed by partitioning of the diacids and precursors to the alkaline Asian dust, with subsequent heterogeneous and aqueous oxidation. Our data indicate that the particulate diacids were produced over just a few hours close to the source; no significant production or destruction appears to have occurred during long-range transport to the ship. No evidence of extensive cloud processing of the sampled aerosol was found. This mixing state of diacids has important implications for the solubility and cloud nucleation properties of the dominant fraction of water-soluble organics and the bioavailability of iron in dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, USA
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Stone EA, Lough GC, Schauer JJ, Praveen PS, Corrigan CE, Ramanathan V. Understanding the origin of black carbon in the atmospheric brown cloud over the Indian Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Ramanathan V, Li F, Ramana MV, Praveen PS, Kim D, Corrigan CE, Nguyen H, Stone EA, Schauer JJ, Carmichael GR, Adhikary B, Yoon SC. Atmospheric brown clouds: Hemispherical and regional variations in long-range transport, absorption, and radiative forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mochida M, Umemoto N, Kawamura K, Lim HJ, Turpin BJ. Bimodal size distributions of various organic acids and fatty acids in the marine atmosphere: Influence of anthropogenic aerosols, Asian dusts, and sea spray off the coast of East Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Cheng YF, Eichler H, Wiedensohler A, Heintzenberg J, Zhang YH, Hu M, Herrmann H, Zeng LM, Liu S, Gnauk T, Brüggemann E, He LY. Mixing state of elemental carbon and non-light-absorbing aerosol components derived from in situ particle optical properties at Xinken in Pearl River Delta of China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Park RJ, Alexander B, Fairlie TD, Yantosca RM, Chu DA. Transpacific transport of Asian anthropogenic aerosols and its impact on surface air quality in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Moorthy KK, Babu SS. Aerosol black carbon over Bay of Bengal observed from an island location, Port Blair: Temporal features and long-range transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Quinn PK, Bates TS. Regional aerosol properties: Comparisons of boundary layer measurements from ACE 1, ACE 2, Aerosols99, INDOEX, ACE Asia, TARFOX, and NEAQS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Quinn
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Timothy S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
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Venkataraman C, Habib G, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Miguel AH, Friedlander SK. Residential biofuels in South Asia: carbonaceous aerosol emissions and climate impacts. Science 2005; 307:1454-6. [PMID: 15746423 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of pollution particles, including "soot" or black carbon, exist over the Indian Ocean, but their sources and geographical origins are not well understood. We measured emissions from the combustion of biofuels, used widely in south Asia for cooking, and found that large amounts of carbonaceous aerosols are emitted per kilogram of fuel burnt. We calculate that biofuel combustion is the largest source of black carbon emissions in India, and we suggest that its control is central to climate change mitigation in the south Asian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Venkataraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
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Schuster GL. Inferring black carbon content and specific absorption from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mader BT, Yu JZ, Xu JH, Li QF, Wu WS, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH. Molecular composition of the water-soluble fraction of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols collected during ACE-Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. T. Mader
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. Z. Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - J. H. Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Q. F. Li
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - W. S. Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - R. C. Flagan
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. H. Seinfeld
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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Crimmins BS. Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean atmospheres during the Indian Ocean Experiment and Aerosols99: Continental sources to the marine atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reddy MS. General circulation model estimates of aerosol transport and radiative forcing during the Indian Ocean Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Guazzotti SA. Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols outflow from India and Arabia: Biomass/biofuel burning and fossil fuel combustion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Burkert J. Trace gas and radical diurnal behavior in the marine boundary layer during INDOEX 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Busch B, Kandler K, Schütz L, Neusüß C. Hygroscopic properties and water-soluble volume fraction of atmospheric particles in the diameter range from 50 nm to 3.8 μm during LACE 98. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Busch
- GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health; Institute for Inhalation Biology; Oberschleißheim Germany
- Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - K. Kandler
- Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - L. Schütz
- Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Neusüß
- Institute for Tropospheric Research; Leipzig Germany
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Clarke AD. INDOEX aerosol: A comparison and summary of chemical, microphysical, and optical properties observed from land, ship, and aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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