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A Dataset of Overshooting Cloud Top from 12-Year CloudSat/CALIOP Joint Observations. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A strong convective storm is a disastrous weather system with a small spatio-temporal scale. It often occurs suddenly and can cause huge disasters. Thus, it is necessary to improve the forecast accuracy of strong convective storms. Overshooting cloud top (OT) is the product of strong updrafts in convective storms, which can penetrate the tropopause and enter the lower stratosphere. OT is closely related to severe weather and can influence water vapor transport and the material exchange between the troposphere and stratosphere. Therefore, the timely detection of OT can help improve the accuracy of forecasting. In this study, we develop a new objective OT detection algorithm based on geostationary satellite observations from 2006 to 2017. The accuracy of the new algorithm in identifying OT is verified by manually comparing it with the radar echo images and the cloud images of MODIS 250 m. Then, the OT is statistically analyzed in a long time series. It is found that OT events are mainly concentrated in equatorial and low latitude regions, with higher frequency in summer. There are obvious differences between OT events on land and sea. Additionally, this dataset also reveals the close connection between the seasonal shift of OT and the seasonal average precipitation distribution around the globe. This study provides a scientific basis for determining the geographical characteristics of OT frequency and explores the application of this OT objective detection algorithm in the operational forecast of strong convective weather. We hope this study can benefit OT monitoring in operational weather forecasting.
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Baumgartner M, Weigel R, Harvey AH, Plöger F, Achatz U, Spichtinger P. Reappraising the appropriate calculation of a common meteorological quantity: Potential Temperature. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2020; 20:10.5194/acp-20-15585-2020. [PMID: 34093695 PMCID: PMC8174307 DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-15585-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential temperature is a widely used quantity in atmospheric science since it is conserved for dry air's adiabatic changes of state. Its definition involves the specific heat capacity of dry air, which is traditionally assumed as constant. However, the literature provides different values of this allegedly constant parameter, which are reviewed and discussed in this study. Furthermore, we derive the potential temperature for a temperature-dependent parameterisation of the specific heat capacity of dry air, thus providing a new reference potential temperature with a more rigorous basis. This new reference shows different values and vertical gradients, in particular in the stratosphere and above, compared to the potential temperature that assumes constant heat capacity. The application of the new reference potential temperature is discussed for computations of the Brunt-Väisälä frequency, Ertel's potential vorticity, diabatic heating rates, and for the vertical sorting of observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Baumgartner
- Zentrum für Datenverarbeitung, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Ralf Weigel
- Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Allan H. Harvey
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Felix Plöger
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ulrich Achatz
- Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Spichtinger
- Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Dessler AE, Ye H, Wang T, Schoeberl MR, Oman LD, Douglass AR, Butler AH, Rosenlof KH, Davis SM, Portmann RW. Transport of ice into the stratosphere and the humidification of the stratosphere over the 21 st century. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 43:2323-2329. [PMID: 29551841 PMCID: PMC5854491 DOI: 10.1002/2016gl067991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict that tropical lower-stratospheric humidity will increase as the climate warms. We examine this trend in two state-of-the-art chemistry-climate models. Under high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, the stratospheric entry value of water vapor increases by ~1 part per million by volume (ppmv) over this century in both models. We show with trajectory runs driven by model meteorological fields that the warming tropical tropopause layer (TTL) explains 50-80% of this increase. The remainder is a consequence of trends in evaporation of ice convectively lofted into the TTL and lower stratosphere. Our results further show that, within the models we examined, ice lofting is primarily important on long time scales - on interannual time scales, TTL temperature variations explain most of the variations in lower stratospheric humidity. Assessing the ability of models to realistically represent ice-lofting processes should be a high priority in the modeling community.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Dessler
- Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - H Ye
- Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - T Wang
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory / Caltech, Pasadena, CA
| | | | - L D Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | | | - A H Butler
- NOAA Earth System Research Lab, Boulder, CO
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | | | - S M Davis
- NOAA Earth System Research Lab, Boulder, CO
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO
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Thompson AM, Allen AL, Lee S, Miller SK, Witte JC. Gravity and Rossby wave signatures in the tropical troposphere and lower stratosphere based on Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ), 1998–2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thampi BV, Sunilkumar SV, Parameswaran K. Lidar studies of particulates in the UTLS region at a tropical station over the Indian subcontinent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Allen G, Vaughan G, Bower KN, Williams PI, Crosier J, Flynn M, Connolly P, Hamilton JF, Lee JD, Saxton JE, Watson NM, Gallagher M, Coe H, Allan J, Choularton TW, Lewis AC. Aerosol and trace-gas measurements in the Darwin area during the wet season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Dessler AE, Hanisco TF, Fueglistaler S. Effects of convective ice lofting on H2O and HDO in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park M, Randel WJ, Gettelman A, Massie ST, Jiang JH. Transport above the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone inferred from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder tracers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wong S, Dessler AE. Regulation of H2O and CO in tropical tropopause layer by the Madden-Julian oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jensen EJ, Ackerman AS, Smith JA. Can overshooting convection dehydrate the tropical tropopause layer? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Levine JG, Braesicke P, Harris NRP, Savage NH, Pyle JA. Pathways and timescales for troposphere-to-stratosphere transport via the tropical tropopause layer and their relevance for very short lived substances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Folkins I, Bernath P, Boone C, Donner LJ, Eldering A, Lesins G, Martin RV, Sinnhuber BM, Walker K. Testing convective parameterizations with tropical measurements of HNO3
, CO, H2
O, and O3
: Implications for the water vapor budget. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Folkins
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - P. Bernath
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - C. Boone
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - L. J. Donner
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - A. Eldering
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - Glen Lesins
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - R. V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - B.-M. Sinnhuber
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - K. Walker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
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Dessler AE, Palm SP, Hart WD, Spinhirne JD. Tropopause-level thin cirrus coverage revealed by ICESat/Geoscience Laser Altimeter System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hong G, Heygster G, Rodriguez CAM. Effect of cirrus clouds on the diurnal cycle of tropical deep convective clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dessler AE, Palm SP, Spinhirne JD. Tropical cloud-top height distributions revealed by the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)/Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Randel WJ, Wu F, Vömel H, Nedoluha GE, Forster P. Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after 2001: Links to changes in the tropical tropopause and the Brewer-Dobson circulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hong G. Detection of tropical deep convective clouds from AMSU-B water vapor channels measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu C, Zipser EJ. Global distribution of convection penetrating the tropical tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dessler AE, Sherwood SC. Effect of convection on the summertime extratropical lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Dessler
- Earth Systems Science Interdisciplinary Center; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - S. C. Sherwood
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut USA
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Fueglistaler S, Wernli H, Peter T. Tropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport inferred from trajectory calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Fueglistaler
- Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; Zürich Switzerland
| | - H. Wernli
- Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; Zürich Switzerland
| | - T. Peter
- Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; Zürich Switzerland
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Küpper C. Mass and water transport into the tropical stratosphere: A cloud-resolving simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McCarthy MC. The hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor entering the stratosphere inferred from high-precision measurements of δD-CH4and δD-H2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alcala CM, Dessler AE. Observations of deep convection in the tropics using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Alcala
- Earth System Sciences Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
| | - A. E. Dessler
- Earth System Sciences Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
- Department of Meteorology University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
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