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Zheng G, Su H, Cheng Y. Role of Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia, and Organic Acids in Buffering Atmospheric Acidity: The Distinct Contribution in Clouds and Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12571-12582. [PMID: 37599651 PMCID: PMC10469486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Acidity is one central parameter in atmospheric multiphase reactions, influencing aerosol formation and its effects on climate, health, and ecosystems. Weak acids and bases, mainly CO2, NH3, and organic acids, are long considered to play a role in regulating atmospheric acidity. However, unlike strong acids and bases, their importance and influencing mechanisms in a given aerosol or cloud droplet system remain to be clarified. Here, we investigate this issue with new insights provided by recent advances in the field, in particular, the multiphase buffer theory. We show that, in general, aerosol acidity is primarily buffered by NH3, with a negligible contribution from CO2 and a potential contribution from organic acids under certain conditions. For fogs, clouds, and rains, CO2, organic acids, and NH3 may all provide certain buffering under higher pH levels (pH > ∼4). Despite the 104to 107 lower abundance of NH3 and organic weak acids, their buffering effect can still be comparable to that of CO2. This is because the cloud pH is at the very far end of the CO2 multiphase buffering range. This Perspective highlights the need for more comprehensive field observations under different conditions and further studies in the interactions among organic acids, acidity, and cloud chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Zheng
- Minerva
Research Group, Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric
Physics, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Minerva
Research Group, Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
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2
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Zhao S, Qi J, Ding X. Characteristics, seasonal variations, and dry deposition fluxes of carbonaceous and water-soluble organic components in atmospheric aerosols over China's marginal seas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114940. [PMID: 37087828 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 37 atmospheric aerosol samples were collected over the Yellow and Bohai Seas (YBS) during four cruises in autumn, winter, spring and summer from 2017 to 2018. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) ranged from 1.04 to 15.43 μg m-3 and 0.77-5.49 μg m-3, respectively, with higher values in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. WSOC contributed 68.49 % to OC in summer and 34.55 % in winter and was affected by temperature and relative humidity. Dicarboxylic acid showed a predominance of oxalic acid followed by malonic and then succinic acids. The contributions of secondary sources to OC and WSOC were 54 % and 65.3 %, respectively, indicating the importance of secondary aging in improving the water solubility of OC. The dry deposition flux of WSOC over the YBS was estimated to be 0.87 mg m-2 d-1, which might play a potential role in the marine carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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3
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Moschos V, Dzepina K, Bhattu D, Lamkaddam H, Casotto R, Daellenbach KR, Canonaco F, Rai P, Aas W, Becagli S, Calzolai G, Eleftheriadis K, Moffett CE, Schnelle-Kreis J, Severi M, Sharma S, Skov H, Vestenius M, Zhang W, Hakola H, Hellén H, Huang L, Jaffrezo JL, Massling A, Nøjgaard JK, Petäjä T, Popovicheva O, Sheesley RJ, Traversi R, Yttri KE, Schmale J, Prévôt ASH, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I. Equal abundance of summertime natural and wintertime anthropogenic Arctic organic aerosols. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2022; 15:196-202. [PMID: 35341076 PMCID: PMC8916957 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols play an important yet uncertain role in modulating the radiation balance of the sensitive Arctic atmosphere. Organic aerosol is one of the most abundant, yet least understood, fractions of the Arctic aerosol mass. Here we use data from eight observatories that represent the entire Arctic to reveal the annual cycles in anthropogenic and biogenic sources of organic aerosol. We show that during winter, the organic aerosol in the Arctic is dominated by anthropogenic emissions, mainly from Eurasia, which consist of both direct combustion emissions and long-range transported, aged pollution. In summer, the decreasing anthropogenic pollution is replaced by natural emissions. These include marine secondary, biogenic secondary and primary biological emissions, which have the potential to be important to Arctic climate by modifying the cloud condensation nuclei properties and acting as ice-nucleating particles. Their source strength or atmospheric processing is sensitive to nutrient availability, solar radiation, temperature and snow cover. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the current pan-Arctic organic aerosol, which can be used to support modelling efforts that aim to quantify the climate impacts of emissions in this sensitive region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaios Moschos
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Katja Dzepina
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Deepika Bhattu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Casotto
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Canonaco
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Datalystica Ltd, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Pragati Rai
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Wenche Aas
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | - Silvia Becagli
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Giulia Calzolai
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Florence Division, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Claire E. Moffett
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
| | | | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Sangeeta Sharma
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Henrik Skov
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mika Vestenius
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wendy Zhang
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hannele Hakola
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Hellén
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lin Huang
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Andreas Massling
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jakob K. Nøjgaard
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Popovicheva
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Rita Traversi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Julia Schmale
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André S. H. Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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Manousakas M, Papaefthymiou H, Diapouli E, Migliori A, Karydas AG, Bogdanovic-Radovic I, Eleftheriadis K. Assessment of PM2.5 sources and their corresponding level of uncertainty in a coastal urban area using EPA PMF 5.0 enhanced diagnostics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:155-164. [PMID: 27631196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Datasets that include only the PM elemental composition and no other important constituents such as ions and OC, should be treated carefully when used for source apportionment. This work is demonstrating how a source apportionment study utilizing PMF 5.0 enhanced diagnostic tools can achieve an improved solution with documented levels of uncertainty for such a dataset. The uncertainty of the solution is rarely reported in source apportionment studies or it is reported partially. Reporting the uncertainty of the solution is very important especially in the case of small datasets. PM2.5 samples collected in Patras during the year 2011 were used. The concentrations of 22 elements (Z=11-33) were determined using PIXE. Source apportionment analysis revealed that PM2.5 emission sources were biomass burning (11%), sea salt (8%), shipping emissions (10%), vehicle emissions (33%), mineral dust (2%) and secondary sulfates (33%) while unaccounted mass was 3%. Although Patras city center is located in a very close proximity to the city's harbor, the contribution of shipping originating emissions was never before quantified. As rotational stability is hard to be achieved when a small dataset is used the rotational stability of the solution was thoroughly evaluated. A number of constraints were applied to the solution in order to reduce rotational ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manousakas
- E.R.L., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece.
| | - H Papaefthymiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Achaia, Greece
| | - E Diapouli
- E.R.L., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - A Migliori
- Physics Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - A G Karydas
- Physics Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR "Demokritos", 153 10 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | | | - K Eleftheriadis
- E.R.L., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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5
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Yin HL, Qiu CY, Ye ZX, Li SP, Liang JF. Seasonal variation and source apportionment of organic tracers in PM10 in Chengdu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2015; 37:195-205. [PMID: 25119534 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic compound tracers including n-alkanes, triterpane, sterane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dicarboxylic acids of airborne particulate matter (PM10) were characterized for samples collected at five sites from July 2010 to March 2011 using GC/MS. Spatial and temporal variations of these organic tracers in PM10 were studied, and their sources were then identified respectively. Average daily concentrations of PM10 varied in different seasons with the trend of PM10 in winter (0.133 mg/m(3)) > autumn (0.120 mg/m(3)) > spring (0.103 mg/m(3)) > summer (0.098 mg/m(3)). Daily concentrations of n-alkanes (C11-C36) ranged from 12.11 to 163.58 ng/m(3) with a mean of 61.99 ng/m(3). The C max and CPI index of n-alkanes indicated that vehicle emissions were the major source in winter, while the contributions of high plant wax emissions became significant in other seasons. It was discovered that the main sources of triterpenoid and steranes were gasoline and diesel engine emissions. Concentrations of ∑15PAHs in PM10 also varied (12.25-58.56 ng/m(3)) in different seasons, and chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(ghi) perylene and fluoranthene were the dominant components. In the four seasons, the concentration of ∑15PAHs was relatively higher at the northern site because of traffic congestion. The main source of airborne PAHs was traffic emissions and coal combustion. Average daily concentrations of dicarboxylic acids (C4-C10) in PM10 ranged from 12.11 to 163.58 ng/m(3), of which azeleic acid was the major compound (0.49-52.04 ng/m(3), average 14.93 ng/m(3)), followed by succinic acid (0.56-19.08 ng/m(3), average 6.84 ng/m(3)). The ratio of C6/C9 showed that the major source in winter was biological, while the contributions of emissions from anthropogenic activities were much higher in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Yin
- Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan Province, China,
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Steinlin C, Bogdal C, Scheringer M, Pavlova PA, Schwikowski M, Schmid P, Hungerbühler K. Polychlorinated biphenyls in glaciers. 2. Model results of deposition and incorporation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7849-7857. [PMID: 24999726 DOI: 10.1021/es501793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In previous work, Alpine glaciers have been identified as a secondary source of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, detailed understanding of the processes organic chemicals undergo in a glacial system was missing. Here, we present results from a chemical fate model describing deposition and incorporation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into an Alpine glacier (Fiescherhorn, Switzerland) and an Arctic glacier (Lomonosovfonna, Norway). To understand PCB fate and dynamics, we investigate the interaction of deposition, sorption to ice and particles in the atmosphere and within the glacier, revolatilization, diffusion and degradation, and discuss the effects of these processes on the fate of individual PCB congeners. The model is able to reproduce measured absolute concentrations in the two glaciers for most PCB congeners. While the model generally predicts concentration profiles peaking in the 1970s, in the measurements, this behavior can only be seen for higher-chlorinated PCB congeners on Fiescherhorn glacier. We suspect seasonal melt processes are disturbing the concentration profiles of the lower-chlorinated PCB congeners. While a lower-chlorinated PCB congener is mainly deposited by dry deposition and almost completely revolatilized after deposition, a higher-chlorinated PCB congener is predominantly transferred to the glacier surface by wet deposition and then is incorporated into the glacier ice. The incorporated amounts of PCBs are higher on the Alpine glacier than on the Arctic glacier due to the higher precipitation rate and aerosol particle concentration on the former. Future studies should include the effects of seasonal melt processes, calculate the quantities of PCBs incorporated into the entire glacier surface, and estimate the quantity of chemicals released from glaciers to determine the importance of glaciers as a secondary source of organic chemicals to remote aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Steinlin
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Voisin D, Jaffrezo JL, Houdier S, Barret M, Cozic J, King MD, France JL, Reay HJ, Grannas A, Kos G, Ariya PA, Beine HJ, Domine F. Carbonaceous species and humic like substances (HULIS) in Arctic snowpack during OASIS field campaign in Barrow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jacobi HW, Voisin D, Jaffrezo JL, Cozic J, Douglas TA. Chemical composition of the snowpack during the OASIS spring campaign 2009 at Barrow, Alaska. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Huang L, Gong SL, Jia CQ, Lavoué D. Importance of deposition processes in simulating the seasonality of the Arctic black carbon aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Preunkert S, Legrand M, Jourdain B, Dombrowski-Etchevers I. Acidic gases (HCOOH, CH3COOH, HNO3, HCl, and SO2) and related aerosol species at a high mountain Alpine site (4360 m elevation) in Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pio CA, Legrand M, Oliveira T, Afonso J, Santos C, Caseiro A, Fialho P, Barata F, Puxbaum H, Sanchez-Ochoa A, Kasper-Giebl A, Gelencsér A, Preunkert S, Schock M. Climatology of aerosol composition (organic versus inorganic) at nonurban sites on a west-east transect across Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Legrand M, Preunkert S, Schock M, Cerqueira M, Kasper-Giebl A, Afonso J, Pio C, Gelencsér A, Dombrowski-Etchevers I. Major 20th century changes of carbonaceous aerosol components (EC, WinOC, DOC, HULIS, carboxylic acids, and cellulose) derived from Alpine ice cores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Legrand M, Preunkert S, Oliveira T, Pio CA, Hammer S, Gelencsér A, Kasper-Giebl A, Laj P. Origin of C2–C5dicarboxylic acids in the European atmosphere inferred from year-round aerosol study conducted at a west-east transect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gómez-Amo JL, Martínez-Lozano JA, Utrillas MP, Pedrós R, Estellés V. Column-integrated aerosol optical properties in Sodankylä (Finland) during the Solar Induced Fluorescence Experiment (SIFLEX-2002). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Treffeisen RE, Thomason LW, Ström J, Herber AB, Burton SP, Yamanouchi T. Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II and III aerosol extinction measurements in the Arctic middle and upper troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Legrand M. Atmospheric year-round records of dicarboxylic acids and sulfate at three French sites located between 630 and 4360 m elevation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Xu J. Aerosol chemical, physical, and radiative characteristics near a desert source region of northwest China during ACE-Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Sellegri K. Mass balance of free tropospheric aerosol at the Puy de Dôme (France) in winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Ferrari CP, Dommergue A, Veysseyre A, Planchon F, Boutron CF. Mercury speciation in the French seasonal snow cover. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2002; 287:61-69. [PMID: 11883760 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Snow samples have been collected in the French Alps in 1998, 1999 and 2000 in order to measure both total Hg (HgT) and reactive Hg (HgR). Concentrations of HgT were between 13 and 130 pg g(-1) and HgR concentrations were below the detection limit (approximately 0.8 pg g(-1)). Hg speciation in snow was evaluated on the basis of ionic complexation equilibrium with chloride, hydroxide, oxalate. The pH of the snow was found to be an important parameter for Hg speciation. For pH values near 3, HgC2O4 is predominant in snow samples except for snow strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources (in which case HgCl2 predominates). When pH > 4, Hg(OH)2 and HgOHCl are predominant. These latter pH values are observed for precipitation not influenced by anthropogenic sources but more by soil erosion, e.g. Saharan dusts. The knowledge of Hgr speciation in snow is a key question for understanding the mechanisms of transformation of these complexes in snow after precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe P Ferrari
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement du CNRS, Domaine Universitaire, Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
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Ricard V. Size distributions and modal parameters of aerosol constituents in northern Finland during the European Arctic Aerosol Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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