1
|
Long-Term Variation of Greenhouse Gas N2O Observed by MLS during 2005–2020. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent and long-lived greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming with a global warming potential (GWP) 298 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this paper, we analyzed the trend of N2O concentration in vertical layers of the stratosphere from 2005 to 2020 using the N2O observed from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) that is on board the Aura satellite. We found that the local N2O concentration showed a downward trend in the lower stratosphere but rose or fluctuated in the upper stratosphere. The reduction reached −5 ppb/yr at pressure levels of 31.62 hPa and 68.13 hPa, with a confidence level of over 90%. The growth was around 1–2 ppb/yr in the upper stratosphere. In addition, a concentration anomaly was observed in the tropical stratosphere in 2013. After the appearance of this anomaly, the N2O concentration in the middle and lower layers of the tropical stratosphere was lower than before 2013. We speculated that the enhancement of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) upwelling before and after stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) is the main reason for the abnormal concentration distribution in 2013. Stratospheric N2O has changed significantly in the past 16 years with the mutual coupling effect of BDC and SSW and such changes can have further impact on the chemical equilibrium and radiation balance in the stratosphere, as well as on the persistent climate-warming trend.
Collapse
|
2
|
Witte JC, Thompson AM, Smit HGJ, Vömel H, Posny F, Stübi R. First Reprocessing of Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) Profile Records: 3. Uncertainty in Ozone Profile and Total Column. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:3243-3268. [PMID: 33154879 PMCID: PMC7641110 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reprocessed ozonesonde data from eight SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes) sites have been used to derive the first analysis of uncertainty estimates for both profile and total column ozone (TCO). The ozone uncertainty is a composite of the uncertainties of the individual terms in the ozone partial pressure (PO3) equation, those being the ozone sensor current, background current, internal pump temperature, pump efficiency factors, conversion efficiency, and flow-rate. Overall, PO3 uncertainties (ΔPO3) are within 15% and peak around the tropopause (15±3km) where ozone is a minimum and ΔPO3 approaches the measured signal. The uncertainty in the background and sensor currents dominate the overall ΔPO3 in the troposphere including the tropopause region, while the uncertainties in the conversion efficiency and flow-rate dominate in the stratosphere. Seasonally, ΔPO3 is generally a maximum in the March-May, with the exception of SHADOZ sites in Asia, for which the highest ΔPO3 occurs in September-February. As a first approach, we calculate sonde TCO uncertainty (ΔTCO) by integrating the profile ΔPO3 and adding the ozone residual uncertainty, derived from the McPeters and Labow [2012] 1-σ ozone mixing ratios. Overall, ΔTCO are within ±15 DU, representing ~5-6% of the TCO. TOMS and OMI satellite overpasses are generally within the sonde ΔTCO. However, there is a discontinuity between TOMS v8.6 (1998-2004/09) and OMI (2004/10-2016) TCO on the order of 10DU that accounts for the significant 16DU overall difference observed between sonde and TOMS. By comparison, the sonde-OMI absolute difference for the eight stations is only ~4DU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn C Witte
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Herman G J Smit
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere: Troposphere, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Holger Vömel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Françoise Posny
- Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105 (Université, Météo-France, CNRS), La Réunion, France
| | - Rene Stübi
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuang S, Newchurch MJ, Thompson AM, Stauffer RM, Johnson BJ, Wang L. Ozone Variability and Anomalies Observed during SENEX and SEAC 4RS Campaigns in 2013. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:11227-11241. [PMID: 30057866 PMCID: PMC6058320 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone variability occurs because of multiple forcing factors including surface emission of ozone precursors, stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT), and meteorological conditions. Analyses of ozonesonde observations made in Huntsville, AL, during the peak ozone season (May to September) in 2013 indicate that ozone in the planetary boundary layer was significantly lower than the climatological average, especially in July and August when the Southeastern United States (SEUS) experienced unusually cool and wet weather. Because of a large influence of the lower stratosphere, however, upper-tropospheric ozone was mostly higher than climatology, especially from May to July. Tropospheric ozone anomalies were strongly anti-correlated (or correlated) with water vapor (or temperature) anomalies with a correlation coefficient mostly about 0.6 throughout the entire troposphere. The regression slopes between ozone and temperature anomalies for surface up to mid-troposphere are within 3.0-4.1 ppbv·K-1. The occurrence rates of tropospheric ozone laminae due to STT are ≥50% in May and June and about 30% in July, August and September suggesting that the stratospheric influence on free-tropospheric ozone could be significant during early summer. These STT laminae have a mean maximum ozone enhancement over the climatology of 52±33% (35±24 ppbv) with a mean minimum relative humidity of 2.3±1.7%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Kuang
- Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
| | - Michael J Newchurch
- Atmospheric Science Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
| | - Anne M Thompson
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Ryan M Stauffer
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Bryan J Johnson
- Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coy L, Wargan K, Molod AM, McCarty WR, Pawson S. Structure and Dynamics of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in MERRA-2. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE 2016; 29:5339-5354. [PMID: 29551854 PMCID: PMC5853128 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0809.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The structure, dynamics, and ozone signal of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation produced by the 35-year NASA MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications) reanalysis are examined based on monthly mean output. Along with the analysis of the QBO in assimilation winds and ozone, the QBO forcings created by assimilated observations, dynamics, parameterized gravity wave drag, and ozone chemistry parameterization are examined and compared with the original MERRA system. Results show that the MERRA-2 reanalysis produces a realistic QBO in the zonal winds, mean meridional circulation, and ozone over the 1980-2015 time period. In particular, the MERRA-2 zonal winds show improved representation of the QBO 50 hPa westerly phase amplitude at Singapore when compared to MERRA. The use of limb ozone observations creates improved vertical structure and realistic downward propagation of the ozone QBO signal during times when the MLS ozone limb observations are available (October 2004 to present). The increased equatorial GWD in MERRA-2 has reduced the zonal wind data analysis contribution compared to MERRA so that the QBO mean meridional circulation can be expected to be more physically forced and therefore more physically consistent. This can be important for applications in which MERRA-2 winds are used to drive transport experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Coy
- Corresponding author address: Lawrence Coy, NASA GSFC Code 610.1, Greenbelt, MD, MD/USA.
| | | | - Andrea M. Molod
- NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA and ESSIC, U. of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thompson AM, Miller SK, Tilmes S, Kollonige DW, Witte JC, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Fujiwara M, Schmidlin FJ, Coetzee GJR, Komala N, Maata M, bt Mohamad M, Nguyo J, Mutai C, Ogino SY, Da Silva FR, Leme NMP, Posny F, Scheele R, Selkirk HB, Shiotani M, Stübi R, Levrat G, Calpini B, Thouret V, Tsuruta H, Canossa JV, Vömel H, Yonemura S, Diaz JA, Tan Thanh NT, Thuy Ha HT. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
The quasi-biennial and semi-annual oscillation features of tropical O3, NO2, and NO3 revealed by GOMOS satellite observations for 2002–2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Randel WJ, Thompson AM. Interannual variability and trends in tropical ozone derived from SAGE II satellite data and SHADOZ ozonesondes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Thompson AM, Allen AL, Lee S, Miller SK, Witte JC. Gravity and Rossby wave signatures in the tropical troposphere and lower stratosphere based on Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ), 1998–2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Stajner I, Wargan K, Pawson S, Hayashi H, Chang LP, Hudman RC, Froidevaux L, Livesey N, Levelt PF, Thompson AM, Tarasick DW, Stübi R, Andersen SB, Yela M, König-Langlo G, Schmidlin FJ, Witte JC. Assimilated ozone from EOS-Aura: Evaluation of the tropopause region and tropospheric columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Newman PA, Lait LR, Lary D, Waters J, Livesey N, Froidevaux L, Lambert A, Read W, Filipiak MJ, Pumphrey HC. QBO and annual cycle variations in tropical lower stratosphere trace gases from HALOE and Aura MLS observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. R. Douglass
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - P. A. Newman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - L. R. Lait
- University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - D. Lary
- University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - J. Waters
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. Livesey
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - L. Froidevaux
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. Lambert
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - W. Read
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. J. Filipiak
- School of GeoSciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - H. C. Pumphrey
- School of GeoSciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Terao Y, Logan JA. Consistency of time series and trends of stratospheric ozone as seen by ozonesonde, SAGE II, HALOE, and SBUV(/2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Thompson AM, Witte JC, Smit HGJ, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Kirchhoff VWJH, Schmidlin FJ. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2004 tropical ozone climatology: 3. Instrumentation, station-to-station variability, and evaluation with simulated flight profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|