1
|
Schuh AE, Jacobson AR, Basu S, Weir B, Baker D, Bowman K, Chevallier F, Crowell S, Davis KJ, Deng F, Denning S, Feng L, Jones D, Liu J, Palmer PI. Quantifying the Impact of Atmospheric Transport Uncertainty on CO 2 Surface Flux Estimates. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 2019; 33:484-500. [PMID: 31244506 PMCID: PMC6582606 DOI: 10.1029/2018gb006086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We show that transport differences between two commonly used global chemical transport models, GEOS-Chem and TM5, lead to systematic space-time differences in modeled distributions of carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride. The distribution of differences suggests inconsistencies between the transport simulated by the models, most likely due to the representation of vertical motion. We further demonstrate that these transport differences result in systematic differences in surface CO2 flux estimated by a collection of global atmospheric inverse models using TM5 and GEOS-Chem and constrained by in situ and satellite observations. While the impact on inferred surface fluxes is most easily illustrated in the magnitude of the seasonal cycle of surface CO2 exchange, it is the annual carbon budgets that are particularly relevant for carbon cycle science and policy. We show that inverse model flux estimates for large zonal bands can have systematic biases of up to 1.7 PgC/year due to large-scale transport uncertainty. These uncertainties will propagate directly into analysis of the annual meridional CO2 flux gradient between the tropics and northern midlatitudes, a key metric for understanding the location, and more importantly the processes, responsible for the annual global carbon sink. The research suggests that variability among transport models remains the largest source of uncertainty across global flux inversion systems and highlights the importance both of using model ensembles and of using independent constraints to evaluate simulated transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Schuh
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the AtmosphereColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Andrew R. Jacobson
- University of Colorado Boulder and NOAA Earth System Research LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - Sourish Basu
- University of Colorado Boulder and NOAA Earth System Research LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - Brad Weir
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - David Baker
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the AtmosphereColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Kevin Bowman
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Frédéric Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ, L'Orme des Merisiers, GifsurYvetteParisFrance
| | - Sean Crowell
- School of MeteorologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Davis
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric SciencePennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Feng Deng
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Scott Denning
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Liang Feng
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- National Centre for Earth ObservationEdinburghUK
| | - Dylan Jones
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Junjie Liu
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Paul I. Palmer
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- National Centre for Earth ObservationEdinburghUK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Overexplaining or underexplaining methane's role in climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5324-5326. [PMID: 28507153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704884114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
3
|
Chen Y, Lehmann KK, Peng Y, Pratt LM, White JR, Cadieux SB, Sherwood Lollar B, Lacrampe-Couloume G, Onstott TC. Hydrogen Isotopic Composition of Arctic and Atmospheric CH 4 Determined by a Portable Near-Infrared Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer with a Cryogenic Pre-Concentrator. ASTROBIOLOGY 2016; 16:787-797. [PMID: 27732068 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2015.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, near-infrared continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy was applied to the measurement of the δ2H of methane (CH4). The cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) system consisted of multiple DFB laser diodes to optimize selection of spectral line pairs. By rapidly switching measurements between spectral line peaks and the baseline regions, the long-term instrumental drift was minimized, substantially increasing measurement precision. The CRDS system coupled with a cryogenic pre-concentrator measured the δ2H of terrestrial atmospheric CH4 from 3 standard liters of air with a precision of ±1.7‰. The rapidity with which both C and H isotopic measurements of CH4 can be made with the CRDS will enable hourly monitoring of diurnal variations in terrestrial atmospheric CH4 signatures that can be used to increase the resolution of global climate models for the CH4 cycle. Although the current instrument is not capable of measuring the δ2H of 10 ppbv of martian CH4, current technology does exist that could make this feasible for future spaceflight missions. As biological and abiotic CH4 sources have overlapping carbon isotope signatures, dual-element (C and H) analysis is key to reliable differentiation of these sources. Such an instrument package would therefore offer improved ability to determine whether or not the CH4 recently detected in the martian atmosphere is biogenic in origin. Key Words: Arctic-Hydrogen isotopes-Atmospheric CH4-CRDS-Laser. Astrobiology 16, 787-797.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kevin K Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Y Peng
- Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - L M Pratt
- Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - J R White
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - S B Cadieux
- Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - B Sherwood Lollar
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | | | - T C Onstott
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brand WA, Rothe M, Sperlich P, Strube M, Wendeberg M. Automated simultaneous measurement of the δ(13) C and δ(2) H values of methane and the δ(13) C and δ(18) O values of carbon dioxide in flask air samples using a new multi cryo-trap/gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry system. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1523-1539. [PMID: 27321840 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The isotopic composition of greenhouse gases helps to constrain global budgets and to study sink and source processes. We present a new system for high-precision stable isotope measurements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide. The design is intended for analyzing flask air samples from existing sampling programs without the need for extra sample air for methane analysis. METHODS CO2 and CH4 isotopes are measured simultaneously using two isotope ratio mass spectrometers, one for the analysis of δ(13) C and δ(18) O values and the second one for δ(2) H values. The inlet carousel delivers air from 16 sample positions (glass flasks 1-5 L and high-pressure cylinders). Three 10-port valves take aliquots from the sample stream. CH4 from 100-mL air aliquots is preconcentrated in 0.8-mL sample loops using a new cryo-trap system. A precisely calibrated working reference air is used in parallel with the sample according to the Principle of Identical Treatment. RESULTS It takes about 36 hours for a fully calibrated analysis of a complete carousel including extractions of four working reference and one quality control reference air. Long-term precision values, as obtained from the quality control reference gas since 2012, account for 0.04 ‰ (δ(13) C values of CO2 ), 0.07 ‰ (δ(18) O values of CO2 ), 0.11 ‰ (δ(13) C values of CH4 ) and 1.0 ‰ (δ(2) H values of CH4 ). Within a single day, the system exhibits a typical methane δ(13) C standard deviation (1σ) of 0.06 ‰ for 10 repeated measurements. CONCLUSIONS The system has been in routine operation at the MPI-BGC since 2012. Consistency of the data and compatibility with results from other laboratories at a high precision level are of utmost importance. A high sample throughput and reliability of operation are important achievements of the presented system to cope with the large number of air samples to be analyzed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willi A Brand
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry (Beutenberg Campus), Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry (Beutenberg Campus), Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Sperlich
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry (Beutenberg Campus), Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
- NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Martin Strube
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry (Beutenberg Campus), Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Magnus Wendeberg
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry (Beutenberg Campus), Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Joint Application of Concentration and δ18O to Investigate the Global Atmospheric CO Budget. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Xu Y, Ke C, Wang J, Sun J, Liu Y, Harris W, Kou C. Satellite-derived estimations of spatial and seasonal variation in tropospheric carbon dioxide mass over China. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:4310-25. [PMID: 24340174 PMCID: PMC3856733 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
China has frequently been questioned about the data transparency and accuracy of its energy and emission statistics. Satellite-derived remote sensing data potentially provide a useful tool to study the variation in carbon dioxide (CO2) mass over areas of the earth's surface. In this study, Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) tropospheric CO2 concentration data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis tropopause data were integrated to obtain estimates of tropospheric CO2 mass variations over the surface of China. These variations were mapped to show seasonal and spatial patterns with reference to China's provincial areas. The estimates of provincial tropospheric CO2 were related to statistical estimates of CO2 emissions for the provinces and considered with reference to provincial populations and gross regional products (GRP). Tropospheric CO2 masses for the Chinese provinces ranged from 53 ± 1 to 14,470 ± 63 million tonnes were greater for western than for eastern provinces and were primarily a function of provincial land area. Adjusted for land area troposphere CO2 mass was higher for eastern and southern provinces than for western and northern provinces. Tropospheric CO2 mass over China varied with season being highest in July and August and lowest in January and February. The average annual emission from provincial energy statistics of CO2 by China was estimated as 10.3% of the average mass of CO2 in the troposphere over China. The relationship between statistical emissions relative to tropospheric CO2 mass was higher than 20% for developed coastal provinces of China, with Shanghai, Tianjin, and Beijing having exceptionally high percentages. The percentages were generally lower than 10% for western inland provinces. Provincial estimates of emissions of CO2 were significantly positively related to provincial populations and gross regional products (GRP) when the values for the provincial municipalities Shanghai, Tianjin, and Beijing were excluded from the linear regressions. An increase in provincial GRP per person was related to a curvilinear increase in CO2 emissions, this being particularly marked for Beijing, Tianjin, and especially Shanghai. The absence of detection of specific elevation of CO2 mass in the troposphere above these municipalities may relate to the rapid mixing and dispersal of CO2 emissions or the proportion of the depth of the troposphere sensed by GOSAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitchell LE, Brook EJ, Sowers T, McConnell JR, Taylor K. Multidecadal variability of atmospheric methane, 1000–1800 C.E. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
8
|
Dirksen RJ, Boersma KF, Eskes HJ, Ionov DV, Bucsela EJ, Levelt PF, Kelder HM. Evaluation of stratospheric NO2retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Intercomparison, diurnal cycle, and trending. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Manning AJ, O'Doherty S, Jones AR, Simmonds PG, Derwent RG. Estimating UK methane and nitrous oxide emissions from 1990 to 2007 using an inversion modeling approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- I. S. A. Isaksen
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- CICERO, Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - S. B. Dalsøren
- CICERO, Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Montzka SA, Krol M, Dlugokencky E, Hall B, Jockel P, Lelieveld J. Small Interannual Variability of Global Atmospheric Hydroxyl. Science 2011; 331:67-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1197640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
12
|
Lamsal LN, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Celarier EA, Bucsela EJ, Boersma KF, Dirksen R, Luo C, Wang Y. Indirect validation of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide retrieved from the OMI satellite instrument: Insight into the seasonal variation of nitrogen oxides at northern midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Dirksen RJ, Folkert Boersma K, de Laat J, Stammes P, van der Werf GR, Val Martin M, Kelder HM. An aerosol boomerang: Rapid around-the-world transport of smoke from the December 2006 Australian forest fires observed from space. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Zhao C, Andrews AE, Bianco L, Eluszkiewicz J, Hirsch A, MacDonald C, Nehrkorn T, Fischer ML. Atmospheric inverse estimates of methane emissions from Central California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Xiao Y, Logan JA, Jacob DJ, Hudman RC, Yantosca R, Blake DR. Global budget of ethane and regional constraints on U.S. sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Boersma KF, Jacob DJ, Eskes HJ, Pinder RW, Wang J, van der A RJ. Intercomparison of SCIAMACHY and OMI tropospheric NO2columns: Observing the diurnal evolution of chemistry and emissions from space. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
18
|
van der A RJ, Eskes HJ, Boersma KF, van Noije TPC, Van Roozendael M, De Smedt I, Peters DHMU, Meijer EW. Trends, seasonal variability and dominant NOxsource derived from a ten year record of NO2measured from space. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Lassey KR, Scheehle EA, Kruger D. Towards reconciling national emission inventories for methane with the global budget. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15693430500396931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
21
|
Bergamaschi P, Frankenberg C, Meirink JF, Krol M, Dentener F, Wagner T, Platt U, Kaplan JO, Körner S, Heimann M, Dlugokencky EJ, Goede A. Satellite chartography of atmospheric methane from SCIAMACHY on board ENVISAT: 2. Evaluation based on inverse model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
22
|
Shindell DT, Faluvegi G, Stevenson DS, Krol MC, Emmons LK, Lamarque JF, Pétron G, Dentener FJ, Ellingsen K, Schultz MG, Wild O, Amann M, Atherton CS, Bergmann DJ, Bey I, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins WJ, Derwent RG, Doherty RM, Drevet J, Eskes HJ, Fiore AM, Gauss M, Hauglustaine DA, Horowitz LW, Isaksen ISA, Lawrence MG, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Pyle JA, Rast S, Rodriguez JM, Sanderson MG, Savage NH, Strahan SE, Sudo K, Szopa S, Unger N, van Noije TPC, Zeng G. Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Bousquet P, Ciais P, Miller JB, Dlugokencky EJ, Hauglustaine DA, Prigent C, Van der Werf GR, Peylin P, Brunke EG, Carouge C, Langenfelds RL, Lathière J, Papa F, Ramonet M, Schmidt M, Steele LP, Tyler SC, White J. Contribution of anthropogenic and natural sources to atmospheric methane variability. Nature 2006; 443:439-43. [PMID: 17006511 DOI: 10.1038/nature05132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, and its atmospheric concentration has nearly tripled since pre-industrial times. The growth rate of atmospheric methane is determined by the balance between surface emissions and photochemical destruction by the hydroxyl radical, the major atmospheric oxidant. Remarkably, this growth rate has decreased markedly since the early 1990s, and the level of methane has remained relatively constant since 1999, leading to a downward revision of its projected influence on global temperatures. Large fluctuations in the growth rate of atmospheric methane are also observed from one year to the next, but their causes remain uncertain. Here we quantify the processes that controlled variations in methane emissions between 1984 and 2003 using an inversion model of atmospheric transport and chemistry. Our results indicate that wetland emissions dominated the inter-annual variability of methane sources, whereas fire emissions played a smaller role, except during the 1997-1998 El Niño event. These top-down estimates of changes in wetland and fire emissions are in good agreement with independent estimates based on remote sensing information and biogeochemical models. On longer timescales, our results show that the decrease in atmospheric methane growth during the 1990s was caused by a decline in anthropogenic emissions. Since 1999, however, they indicate that anthropogenic emissions of methane have risen again. The effect of this increase on the growth rate of atmospheric methane has been masked by a coincident decrease in wetland emissions, but atmospheric methane levels may increase in the near future if wetland emissions return to their mean 1990s levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Bousquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL-LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, F-91191, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stevenson DS, Dentener FJ, Schultz MG, Ellingsen K, van Noije TPC, Wild O, Zeng G, Amann M, Atherton CS, Bell N, Bergmann DJ, Bey I, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins WJ, Derwent RG, Doherty RM, Drevet J, Eskes HJ, Fiore AM, Gauss M, Hauglustaine DA, Horowitz LW, Isaksen ISA, Krol MC, Lamarque JF, Lawrence MG, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Pyle JA, Rast S, Rodriguez JM, Sanderson MG, Savage NH, Shindell DT, Strahan SE, Sudo K, Szopa S. Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
25
|
Laepple T. Improved albedo formulation for chemistry transport models based on satellite observations and assimilated snow data and its impact on tropospheric photochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Peters W. Toward regional-scale modeling using the two-way nested global model TM5: Characterization of transport using SF6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|