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Park HJ, Sherman T, Freire LS, Wang G, Bolster D, Xian P, Sorooshian A, Reid JS, Richter DH. Predicting Vertical Concentration Profiles in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer With a Markov Chain Random Walk Model. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2020; 125:e2020JD032731. [PMID: 33204581 PMCID: PMC7668278 DOI: 10.1029/2020jd032731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to better represent aerosol transport in mesoscale and global-scale models, large eddy simulations (LES) from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Turbulence with Particles (NTLP) code are used to develop a Markov chain random walk model that predicts aerosol particle profiles in a cloud-free marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). The evolution of vertical concentration profiles are simulated for a range of aerosol particle sizes and in a neutral and an unstable boundary layer. For the neutral boundary layer we find, based on the LES statistics and a specific model time step, that there exist significant correlation for particle positions, meaning that particles near the bottom of the boundary are more likely to remain near the bottom of the boundary layer than being abruptly transported to the top, and vice versa. For the unstable boundary layer, a similar time interval exhibits a weaker tendency for an aerosol particle to remain close to its current location compared to the neutral case due to the strong nonlocal convective motions. In the limit of a large time interval, particles have been mixed throughout the MABL and virtually no temporal correlation exists. We leverage this information to parameterize a Markov chain random walk model that accurately predicts the evolution of vertical concentration profiles. The new methodology has significant potential to be applied at the subgrid level for coarser-scale weather and climate models, the utility of which is shown by comparison to airborne field data and global aerosol models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwon John Park
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Thomas Sherman
- FTS International, LLC, Dulles, VA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Livia S Freire
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Guiquan Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Diogo Bolster
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Peng Xian
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - David H Richter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Abstract
Aerosol mixing state significantly affects concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), wet removal rates, thermodynamic properties, heterogeneous chemistry, and aerosol optical properties, with implications for human health and climate. Over the last two decades, significant research effort has gone into finding computationally-efficient methods for representing the most important aspects of aerosol mixing state in air pollution, weather prediction, and climate models. In this review, we summarize the interactions between mixing-state and aerosol hygroscopicity, optical properties, equilibrium thermodynamics and heterogeneous chemistry. We focus on the effects of simplified assumptions of aerosol mixing state on CCN concentrations, wet deposition, and aerosol absorption. We also summarize previous approaches for representing aerosol mixing state in atmospheric models, and we make recommendations regarding the representation of aerosol mixing state in future modelling studies.
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The Effect of Aerosol Radiative Heating on Turbulence Statistics and Spectra in the Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9090347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Turbulence statistics and spectra in a radiatively heated convective boundary layer (CBL) under aerosol pollution conditions are less investigated than their counterparts in the clear CBL. In this study, a large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled with an aerosol radiative transfer model is employed to determine the impact of aerosol radiative heating on CBL turbulence statistics. One-dimensional velocity spectra and velocity–temperature cospectra are invoked to characterize the turbulence flow in the CBL with varying aerosol pollution conditions. The results show that aerosol heating makes the profiles of turbulent heat flux curvilinear, while the total (turbulent plus radiative) heat flux profile retains the linear relationship with height throughout the CBL. The horizontal and vertical velocity variances are reduced significantly throughout the radiatively heated CBL with increased aerosol optical depth (AOD). The potential temperature variance is also reduced, especially in the entrainment zone and near the surface. The velocity spectral density tends to be smaller overall, and the peak of the velocity spectra is shifted toward larger wavenumbers as AOD increases. This shift reveals that the energy-containing turbulent eddies become smaller, which is also supported by visual inspection of the vertical velocity pattern over horizontal planes. The modified CBL turbulence scales for velocity and temperature are found to be applicable for normalizing the corresponding profiles, indicating that a correction factor for aerosol radiative heating is needed for capturing the general features of the CBL structure in the presence of aerosol radiative heating.
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Ching J, Riemer N, West M. Impacts of black carbon mixing state on black carbon nucleation scavenging: Insights from a particle-resolved model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zink K, Vogel H, Vogel B, Magyar D, Kottmeier C. Modeling the dispersion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. pollen with the model system COSMO-ART. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2012; 56:669-80. [PMID: 21744099 PMCID: PMC3382656 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-011-0468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is a highly allergenic plant that is spreading throughout Europe. Ragweed pollen can be transported over large distances by the wind. Even low pollen concentrations of less than 10 pollen m(-3) can lead to health problems in sensitive persons. Therefore, forecasting the airborne concentrations of ragweed pollen is becoming more and more important for public health. The question remains whether distant pollen sources need to be considered in reliable forecasts. We used the extended numerical weather prediction system COSMO-ART to simulate the release and transport of ragweed pollen in central Europe. A pollen episode (September 12-16, 2006) in north-eastern Germany was modeled in order to find out where the pollen originated. For this purpose, several different source regions were taken into account and their individual impact on the daily mean pollen concentration and the performance of the forecast were studied with the means of a 2 × 2 contingency table and skill scores. It was found that the majority of the pollen originated in local areas, but up to 20% of the total pollen load came from distant sources in Hungary. It is concluded that long-distance transport should not be neglected when predicting pollen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zink
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Vogel
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Donát Magyar
- Department of Aerobiological Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christoph Kottmeier
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Ferrero L, Mocnik G, Ferrini BS, Perrone MG, Sangiorgi G, Bolzacchini E. Vertical profiles of aerosol absorption coefficient from micro-Aethalometer data and Mie calculation over Milan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:2824-2837. [PMID: 21546060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vertical profiles of aerosol number-size distribution and black carbon (BC) concentration were measured between ground-level and 500m AGL over Milan. A tethered balloon was fitted with an instrumentation package consisting of the newly-developed micro-Aethalometer (microAeth® Model AE51, Magee Scientific, USA), an optical particle counter, and a portable meteorological station. At the same time, PM(2.5) samples were collected both at ground-level and at a high altitude sampling site, enabling particle chemical composition to be determined. Vertical profiles and PM(2.5) data were collected both within and above the mixing layer. Absorption coefficient (b(abs)) profiles were calculated from the Aethalometer data: in order to do so, an optical enhancement factor (C), accounting for multiple light-scattering within the filter of the new microAeth® Model AE51, was determined for the first time. The value of this parameter C (2.05±0.03 at λ=880nm) was calculated by comparing the Aethalometer attenuation coefficient and aerosol optical properties determined from OPC data along vertical profiles. Mie calculations were applied to the OPC number-size distribution data, and the aerosol refractive index was calculated using the effective medium approximation applied to aerosol chemical composition. The results compare well with AERONET data. The BC and b(abs) profiles showed a sharp decrease at the mixing height (MH), and fairly constant values of b(abs) and BC were found above the MH, representing 17±2% of those values measured within the mixing layer. The BC fraction of aerosol volume was found to be lower above the MH: 48±8% of the corresponding ground-level values. A statistical mean profile was calculated, both for BC and b(abs), to better describe their behaviour; the model enabled us to compute their average behaviour as a function of height, thus laying the foundations for valid parametrizations of vertical profile data which can be useful in both remote sensing and climatic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferrero
- POLARIS Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, Italy.
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Oshima N, Koike M, Zhang Y, Kondo Y. Aging of black carbon in outflow from anthropogenic sources using a mixing state resolved model: 2. Aerosol optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Riemer N, Vogel H, Vogel B, Anttila T, Kiendler-Scharr A, Mentel TF. Relative importance of organic coatings for the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5during summer in Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Riemer N, West M, Zaveri RA, Easter RC. Simulating the evolution of soot mixing state with a particle‐resolved aerosol model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Oshima N, Koike M, Zhang Y, Kondo Y, Moteki N, Takegawa N, Miyazaki Y. Aging of black carbon in outflow from anthropogenic sources using a mixing state resolved model: Model development and evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vogel H, Pauling A, Vogel B. Numerical simulation of birch pollen dispersion with an operational weather forecast system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2008; 52:805-14. [PMID: 18651182 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-008-0174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We included a parameterisation of the emissions of pollen grains into the comprehensive model system COSMO-ART. In addition, a detailed density distribution of birch trees within Switzerland was derived. Based on these new developments, we carried out numerical simulations of the dispersion of pollen grains for an episode that occurred in April 2006 over Switzerland and the adjacent regions. Since COSMO-ART is based on the operational forecast model of the German Weather Service, we are presenting a feasibility study of daily pollen forecast based on methods which have been developed during the last two decades for the treatment of anthropogenic aerosol. A comparison of the model results and very detailed pollen counts documents the current possibilities and the shortcomings of the method and gives hints for necessary improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Vogel
- Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe/Universität Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Bäumer D, Lohmann U, Lesins G, Li J, Croft B. Parameterizing the optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols in the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis Atmospheric General Circulation Model with impacts on global radiation and energy fluxes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Bäumer
- Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe/Universität Karlsruhe; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - U. Lohmann
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science; ETH Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - G. Lesins
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - J. Li
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis; Meteorological Service of Canada; Victoria, British Columbia Canada
| | - B. Croft
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
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Bond TC, Habib G, Bergstrom RW. Limitations in the enhancement of visible light absorption due to mixing state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sullivan RC, Prather KA. Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Made Possible by On-Line Aerosol Analysis Instrumentation. Anal Chem 2005; 77:3861-85. [PMID: 15952760 DOI: 10.1021/ac050716i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, USA
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15
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Marsden DC. Continental aerosol properties inferred from measurements of direct and diffuse solar irradiance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Schnaiter M. Absorption amplification of black carbon internally mixed with secondary organic aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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