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Chang CY, Wang JL, Chen YC, Chen WN, Wang SH, Chuang MT, Lin NH, Chou CCK, Huang WS, Ke LJ, Pan XX, Ho YJ, Chen YY, Chang CC. Spatiotemporal characterization of PM 2.5, O 3, and trace gases associated with East Asian continental outflows via drone sounding. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172732. [PMID: 38663609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
East Asian continental outflows with PM2.5, O3, and other species may determine the baseline conditions and affect the air quality in downwind areas via long-range transport (LRT). To gain insight into the impact and spatiotemporal characteristics of airborne pollutants in East Asian continental outflows, a versatile multicopter drone sounding platform was used to simultaneously observe PM2.5, O3, CO2, and meteorological variables (temperature, specific humidity, pressure, and wind vector) above the northern tip of Taiwan, Cape Fuiguei, which often encounters continental outflows during winter monsoon periods. By coordinating hourly high-spatial-resolution profiles provided by drone soundings, WRF/CMAQ model air quality predictions, HYSPLIT-simulated backward trajectories, and MERRA-2 reanalysis data, we analyzed two prominent phenomena of airborne pollutants in continental outflows to better understand their physical/chemical characteristics. First, we found that pollutants were well mixed within a sounding height of 500 m when continental outflows passed through and completely enveloped Cape Fuiguei. Eddies induced by significant fluctuations in wind speeds coupled with minimal temperature inversion and LRT facilitated vertical mixing, possibly resulting in high homogeneity of pollutants within the outflow layer. Second, the drone soundings indicated exceptionally high O3 concentrations (70-100 ppbv) but relatively low concentrations of PM2.5 (10-20 μg/m3), CO2 (420-425 ppmv), and VOCs in some air masses. The low levels of PM2.5, CO2, and VOCs ruled out photochemistry as the cause of the formation of high-level O3. Further coordination of spatiotemporal data with air mass trajectories and O3 cross sections provided by MERRA-2 suggested that the high O3 concentrations could be attributed to stratospheric intrusion and advection via continental outflows. High-level O3 concentrations persisted in the lower troposphere, even reaching the surface, suggesting that stratospheric intrusion O3 may be involved in the rising trend in O3 concentrations in parts of East Asia in recent years in addition to surface photochemical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Chang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nai Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tung Chuang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Huei Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Charles C-K Chou
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Syun Huang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jin Ke
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Xu Pan
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Chang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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Chen Z, Xie Y, Liu J, Shen L, Cheng X, Han H, Yang M, Shen Y, Zhao T, Hu J. Distinct seasonality in vertical variations of tropospheric ozone over coastal regions of southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162423. [PMID: 36858237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The surface ozone pollution is strongly coupled with ozone variations above the ground. Using sufficient airborne ozone profiles during 2012-2018, this study reveals the tropospheric ozone distributions over four cities located in coastal regions of southern China. The 7-year mean tropospheric ozone profiles in the four cities consistently show a double-maxima profile, with a local maximum at 1 km altitude and the other in the middle-to-upper troposphere. Seasonally, springtime ozone is larger than the annual mean throughout the troposphere, while ozone in summer is high in the middle-to-upper troposphere, leading to largest vertical variations among seasons. Ozone in the middle-to-upper troposphere is lower in autumn than in spring and summer. The winter ozone is characterized with a minimum in the lower troposphere, and low values in the middle-to-upper troposphere, leading to least vertical variations among seasons. We untangle the causes for these complicated vertical ozone variations using the GEOS-Chem model. The tropospheric ozone over southern China is partitioned into locally produced ozone, regionally transported native ozone, imported ozone from outside of China (foreign ozone) and natural stratospheric ozone. The results suggest that the springtime ozone abundance is due to the enhanced import of foreign and stratospheric ozone and the intensified regional transport processes of native ozone. In summer, local ozone production is enhanced and regional transport of ozone in the middle-to-upper troposphere is strengthened due to upward air motions, while such transport becomes weaker in autumn leaving low ozone in the middle-to-upper troposphere. In winter, the intensive westerly jets promote foreign and stratospheric ozone again in the middle-to-upper troposphere, but the local ozone production and regional transport are sharply reduced, resulting in low ozone near the surface. This study provides new insights into regional ozone profiles and reveals the significance of vertical ozone variations on surface ozone prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangcheng Xie
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jane Liu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xugeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Han Han
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengmiao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yukun Shen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of the China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Fujian Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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Liu X, Wang N, Lyu X, Zeren Y, Jiang F, Wang X, Zou S, Ling Z, Guo H. Photochemistry of ozone pollution in autumn in Pearl River Estuary, South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141812. [PMID: 32906035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To explore the photochemical O3 pollution over the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), intensive measurements of O3 and its precursors, including trace gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were simultaneously conducted at a suburban site on the east bank of PRE (Tung Chung, TC) in Hong Kong and a rural site on the west bank (Qi'ao, QA) in Zhuhai, Guangdong in autumn 2016. Throughout the sampling period, 3 days with high O3 levels (maximum hourly O3 > 100 ppbv) were captured at both sites (pattern 1) and 13 days with O3 episodes occurred only at QA (pattern 2). It was found that O3 formation at TC was VOC-limited in both patterns because of the large local NOx emissions. However, the O3 formation at QA was co-limited by VOCs and NOx in pattern 1, but VOC-limited in pattern 2. In both patterns, isoprene, formaldehyde, xylenes and trimethylbenzenes were the top 4 VOCs that modulated local O3 formation at QA, while they were isoprene, formaldehyde, xylenes and toluene at TC. In pattern 1, the net O3 production rate at QA (13.1 ± 1.6 ppbv h-1) was high, and comparable (p = 0.40) to that at TC (12.1 ± 1.5 ppbv h-1), so was the hydroxyl radical (i.e., OH), implying high atmospheric oxidative capacity over PRE. In contrast, the net O3 production rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at QA (16.3 ± 0.4 ppbv h-1) than that at TC (4.7 ± 0.2 ppbv h-1) in pattern 2, and the OH concentration and cycling rate were also higher, indicating much stronger photochemical reactions at QA. These findings enhanced our understanding of O3 photochemistry in the Pearl River estuary, which could be extended to other estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopu Lyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangzong Zeren
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chines Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhenhao Ling
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Gaudel A, Cooper OR, Chang KL, Bourgeois I, Ziemke JR, Strode SA, Oman LD, Sellitto P, Nédélec P, Blot R, Thouret V, Granier C. Aircraft observations since the 1990s reveal increases of tropospheric ozone at multiple locations across the Northern Hemisphere. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba8272. [PMID: 32937364 PMCID: PMC7442356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is an important greenhouse gas, is detrimental to human health and crop and ecosystem productivity, and controls the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere. Because of its high spatial and temporal variability and limited observations, quantifying net tropospheric ozone changes across the Northern Hemisphere on time scales of two decades had not been possible. Here, we show, using newly available observations from an extensive commercial aircraft monitoring network, that tropospheric ozone has increased above 11 regions of the Northern Hemisphere since the mid-1990s, consistent with the OMI/MLS satellite product. The net result of shifting anthropogenic ozone precursor emissions has led to an increase of ozone and its radiative forcing above all 11 study regions of the Northern Hemisphere, despite NO x emission reductions at midlatitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gaudel
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Owen R Cooper
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kai-Lan Chang
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ilann Bourgeois
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jerry R Ziemke
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah A Strode
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Luke D Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Pasquale Sellitto
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Nédélec
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Romain Blot
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Valérie Thouret
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Claire Granier
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
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Abstract
The extent to which stratospheric intrusions on synoptic scales influence the tropospheric ozone (O3) levels remains poorly understood, because quantitative detection of stratospheric air has been challenging. Cosmogenic 35S mainly produced in the stratosphere has the potential to identify stratospheric air masses at ground level, but this approach has not yet been unambiguously shown. Here, we report unusually high 35S concentrations (7,390 atoms m-3; ∼16 times greater than annual average) in fine sulfate aerosols (aerodynamic diameter less than 0.95 µm) collected at a coastal site in southern California on May 3, 2014, when ground-level O3 mixing ratios at air quality monitoring stations across southern California (43 of 85) exceeded the recently revised US National Ambient Air Quality Standard (daily maximum 8-h average: 70 parts per billion by volume). The stratospheric origin of the significantly enhanced 35S level is supported by in situ measurements of air pollutants and meteorological variables, satellite observations, meteorological analysis, and box model calculations. The deep stratospheric intrusion event was driven by the coupling between midlatitude cyclones and Santa Ana winds, and it was responsible for the regional O3 pollution episode. These results provide direct field-based evidence that 35S is an additional sensitive and unambiguous tracer in detecting stratospheric air in the boundary layer and offer the potential for resolving the stratospheric influences on the tropospheric O3 level.
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Nath D, Chen W, Graf HF, Lan X, Gong H, Nath R, Hu K, Wang L. Subtropical Potential Vorticity Intrusion Drives Increasing Tropospheric Ozone over the Tropical Central Pacific. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21370. [PMID: 26868836 PMCID: PMC4751467 DOI: 10.1038/srep21370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawn from multiple reanalysis datasets, an increasing trend and westward shift in the number of Potential Vorticity intrusion events over the Pacific are evident. The increased frequency can be linked to a long-term trend in upper tropospheric equatorial westerly wind and subtropical jets during boreal winter to spring. These may be resulting from anomalous warming and cooling over the western Pacific warm pool and the tropical eastern Pacific, respectively. The intrusions brought dry and ozone rich air of stratospheric origin deep into the tropics. In the tropical upper troposphere, interannual ozone variability is mainly related to convection associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Zonal mean stratospheric overturning circulation organizes the transport of ozone rich air poleward and downward to the high and midlatitudes leading there to higher ozone concentration. In addition to these well described mechanisms, we observe a long-term increasing trend in ozone flux over the northern hemispheric outer tropical (10-25°N) central Pacific that results from equatorward transport and downward mixing from the midlatitude upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during PV intrusions. This increase in tropospheric ozone flux over the Pacific Ocean may affect the radiative processes and changes the budget of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Nath
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hans-F Graf
- Center for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaoqing Lan
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hainan Gong
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Reshmita Nath
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaiming Hu
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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7
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Oxygen anomaly in near surface carbon dioxide reveals deep stratospheric intrusion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11352. [PMID: 26081178 PMCID: PMC4469951 DOI: 10.1038/srep11352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stratosphere-troposphere exchange could be enhanced by tropopause folding, linked to variability in the subtropical jet stream. Relevant to tropospheric biogeochemistry is irreversible transport from the stratosphere, associated with deep intrusions. Here, oxygen anomalies in near surface air CO2 are used to study the irreversible transport from the stratosphere, where the triple oxygen isotopes of CO2 are distinct from those originating from the Earth’s surface. We show that the oxygen anomaly in CO2 is observable at sea level and the magnitude of the signal increases during the course of our sampling period (September 2013-February 2014), concordant with the strengthening of the subtropical jet system and the East Asia winter monsoon. The trend of the anomaly is found to be 0.1‰/month (R2 = 0.6) during the jet development period in October. Implications for utilizing the oxygen anomaly in CO2 for CO2 biogeochemical cycle study and stratospheric intrusion flux at the surface are discussed.
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Thompson AM, Miller SK, Tilmes S, Kollonige DW, Witte JC, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Fujiwara M, Schmidlin FJ, Coetzee GJR, Komala N, Maata M, bt Mohamad M, Nguyo J, Mutai C, Ogino SY, Da Silva FR, Leme NMP, Posny F, Scheele R, Selkirk HB, Shiotani M, Stübi R, Levrat G, Calpini B, Thouret V, Tsuruta H, Canossa JV, Vömel H, Yonemura S, Diaz JA, Tan Thanh NT, Thuy Ha HT. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Crawford JH, Considine DB, Chan C, Oltmans SJ, Thouret V. Distribution, variability and sources of tropospheric ozone over south China in spring: Intensive ozonesonde measurements at five locations and modeling analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Thompson AM, MacFarlane AM, Morris GA, Yorks JE, Miller SK, Taubman BF, Verver G, Vömel H, Avery MA, Hair JW, Diskin GS, Browell EV, Canossa JV, Kucsera TL, Klich CA, Hlavka DL. Convective and wave signatures in ozone profiles over the equatorial Americas: Views from TC4 2007 and SHADOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pfister GG, Emmons LK, Hess PG, Lamarque JF, Thompson AM, Yorks JE. Analysis of the Summer 2004 ozone budget over the United States using Intercontinental Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) observations and Model of Ozone and Related Tracers (MOZART-4) simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Kim JH, Lee HJ, Lee SH. The characteristics of tropospheric ozone seasonality observed from ozone soundings at Pohang, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2006; 118:1-12. [PMID: 16897529 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-0772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the first analysis of vertical ozone sounding measurements over Pohang, Korea. The main focus is to analyze the seasonal variation of vertical ozone profiles and determine the mechanisms controlling ozone seasonality. The maxima ozone at the surface and in the free troposphere are observed in May and June, respectively. In comparison with the ozone seasonality at Oki (near sea level) and Happo (altitude of 1840 m) in Japan, which are located at the same latitude as of Pohang, we have found that the time of the ozone maximum at the Japanese sites is always a month earlier than at Pohang. Analysis of the wind flow at the surface shows that the wind shifts from westerly to southerly in May over Japan, but in June over Pohang. However, this wind shift above boundary layer occurs a month later. This wind shift results in significantly smaller amounts of ozone because the southerly wind brings clean wet tropical air. It has been suggested that the spring ozone maximum in the lower troposphere is due to polluted air transported from China. However, an enhanced ozone amount over the free troposphere in June appears to have a different origin. A tongue-like structure in the time-height cross-section of ozone concentrations, which starts from the stratosphere and extends to the middle troposphere, suggests that the ozone enhancement occurs due to a gradual migration of ozone from the stratosphere. The high frequency of dry air with elevated ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere in June suggests that the air is transported from the stratosphere. HYSPLIT trajectory analysis supports the hypothesis that enhanced ozone in the free troposphere is not likely due to transport from sources of anthropogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae H Kim
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.
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13
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Weiss-Penzias P, Jaffe DA, Swartzendruber P, Dennison JB, Chand D, Hafner W, Prestbo E. Observations of Asian air pollution in the free troposphere at Mount Bachelor Observatory during the spring of 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Weiss-Penzias
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Department; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - Daniel A. Jaffe
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Department; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - Philip Swartzendruber
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Department; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - James B. Dennison
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Department; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - Duli Chand
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Department; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - William Hafner
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Department; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
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14
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Liu X, Chance K, Sioris CE, Kurosu TP, Spurr RJD, Martin RV, Fu TM, Logan JA, Jacob DJ, Palmer PI, Newchurch MJ, Megretskaia IA, Chatfield RB. First directly retrieved global distribution of tropospheric column ozone from GOME: Comparison with the GEOS-CHEM model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Wang KY. A 9-year climatology of airstreams in East Asia and implications for the transport of pollutants and downstream impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Cooper OR, Stohl A, Hübler G, Hsie EY, Parrish DD, Tuck AF, Kiladis GN, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Shapiro M, Moody JL, Lefohn AS. Direct transport of midlatitude stratospheric ozone into the lower troposphere and marine boundary layer of the tropical Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Hudman RC, Jacob DJ, Cooper OR, Evans MJ, Heald CL, Park RJ, Fehsenfeld F, Flocke F, Holloway J, Hübler G, Kita K, Koike M, Kondo Y, Neuman A, Nowak J, Oltmans S, Parrish D, Roberts JM, Ryerson T. Ozone production in transpacific Asian pollution plumes and implications for ozone air quality in California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Hudman
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - D. J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - O. R. Cooper
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. J. Evans
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - C. L. Heald
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - R. J. Park
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - F. Fehsenfeld
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Holloway
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hübler
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Science; Ibaraki University; Mito Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Neuman
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Nowak
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Oltmans
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. M. Roberts
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. Ryerson
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
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18
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Chan CY, Zheng XD, Chan LY, Cui H, Ginn EWL, Leung YK, Lam HM, Zheng YG, Qin Y, Zhao CS, Wang T, Blake DR, Li YS. Vertical profile and origin of wintertime tropospheric ozone over China during the PEACE-A period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Y. Chan
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - X. D. Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences; Beijing China
| | - L. Y. Chan
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - H. Cui
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | | | | | - H. M. Lam
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Y. G. Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Y. Qin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - C. S. Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - Y. S. Li
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
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