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Li L, Cao J, Hao Y. Spatial and species-specific responses of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions to elevated ozone from 2014-2020 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161636. [PMID: 36657678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
China suffered from serious and elevated ozone (O3) pollution during 2014-2020. O3 exposure increased with W126, a biologically based cumulative exposure index, at a rate of 1.738 ppm-hr yr-1. MEGAN3.1 was applied to estimate biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and their response to O3 pollution in China by quantifying species responses to O3 stress. In 2020, China's BVOC emissions were 23.26 Tg when considering the effects of O3 pollution, which was 1.7 % higher than that without O3 stress. Isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other VOC emissions changed by -1.0 %, 1.4 %, 15.5 %, and 2.7 %, respectively. The stimulated BVOC emissions were mainly focused on the North China Plain (NCP) and a partial area of the Tibetan Plateau, which increased by >45 %. Changes in monthly emissions differed, with the greatest increase, 181 tons (3.25 %), in August. The seasonal patterns for the impacts of O3 pollution were also distinguished spatially. The elevated O3 exposure caused BVOC emission increases of 104.7 Gg yr-1 during 2014-2020, with isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other VOCs contributing -18.6 %, 27.5 %, 40.4 %, and 50.8 %, respectively. The greatest increase in emissions appeared on the NCP and eastern and central China, with annual increases of >100 tons per grid (36 km × 36 km). The interannual variations in BVOC emissions also displayed different seasonal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yufang Hao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Energy and Environment Research Division, Paul Scherrer Institute/ETH, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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Guo W, Yang Y, Chen Q, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li G, Sun W, She J. Chemical reactivity of volatile organic compounds and their effects on ozone formation in a petrochemical industrial area of Lanzhou, Western China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:155901. [PMID: 35569665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of ozone (O3) and its precursors were performed in the summer of 2019 in Lanzhou, a petrochemical industrial city, to better understand the reactivity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their effects on O3 production. During the campaign, the daily maximum 8-hour average (MDA8) O3, NO2, and total VOC (TVOC) concentrations reached 72.2 ± 19.9 ppb, 24.9 ± 10.8 ppb, and 50.8 ± 46.1 ppb, respectively. Alkanes, alkenes, halocarbons, aromatics, and alkynes contributed 45.3%, 24.0%, 16.5%, 10.0%, and 4.2% to TVOCs, respectively. The OH reactivity and relative incremental reactivity (RIR) of VOCs at different times were calculated. The results indicated that alkenes played a predominant role, accounting for an average of 68.5% of the initial VOC reactivity. Compared to other regions, alkenes are relatively more important for O3 formation in the petrochemical industry area of Lanzhou, while aromatics are relatively less important. Generally, O3 formation occurred in a VOC-limited regime in the morning and in a transitional regime in the afternoon. The response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a chemical box model was applied to obtain relationships between O3 and its precursors and determine the most effective way to reduce the O3 concentration. Reduction in the non-alkene concentration slightly affected the O3 concentration. In contrast, the effect of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was closely related to the alkene concentration, and NOx concentration reduction could lead to an increase in the O3 concentration when alkenes were abated to less than 80% of the present concentration. To mitigate O3 pollution near the petrochemical industrial area of Lanzhou, reducing the alkene concentration, especially the C4 alkene concentration (1,3-butadiene, cis-2-butene, and trans-2-butene), was the fastest and most effective control strategy. The results of this study serve as a reference for O3 pollution control in petrochemical industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Guo
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Northwest Institute of Eco-environmental Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Environmental Monitoring Center, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuhuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yongle Liu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing She
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Fu S, Guo M, Luo J, Han D, Chen X, Jia H, Jin X, Liao H, Wang X, Fan L, Cheng J. Improving VOCs control strategies based on source characteristics and chemical reactivity in a typical coastal city of South China through measurement and emission inventory. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140825. [PMID: 32755775 PMCID: PMC7354770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In China, the corresponding control directives for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been based on primary emissions, rarely considering reactive speciation. To seek more effective VOCs control strategies, we investigated 107 VOC species in a typical coastal city (Beihai) of South China, from August to November 2018. Meanwhile, a high-resolution anthropogenic VOCs monthly emission inventory (EI) was established for 2018. For source apportionments (SAs) reliability, comparisons of source structures derived from positive matrix factorization (PMF) and EI were made mainly in terms of reaction losses, uncertainties and specific ratios. Finally, for the source-end control, a comprehensive reactivity control index (RCI) was established by combing SAs with reactive speciation profiles. Ambient measurements showed that the average concentration of VOCs was 26.38 ppbv, dominated by alkanes (36.7%) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) (29.4%). VOC reactivity was estimated using ozone formation potential (52.35 ppbv) and propylene-equivalent concentration (4.22 ppbv). EI results displayed that the entire VOC, OFP, and propylene-equivalent emissions were 40.98 Gg, 67.98 Gg, and 105.93 Gg, respectively. Comparisons of source structures indicated that VOC SAs agreed within ±100% between two perspectives. Both PMF and EI results showed that petrochemical industry (24.0% and 33.0%), food processing and associated combustion (19.1% and 29.2%) were the significant contributors of anthropogenic VOCs, followed by other industrial processes (22.2% and 13.3%), transportation (18.9% and 12.0%), and solvent utilization (9.1% and10.5%). Aimed at VOCs abatement according to RCI: for terminal control, fifteen ambient highly reactive species (predominantly alkenes and alkanes) were targeted; for source control, the predominant anthropogenic sources (food industry, solvent usage, petrochemical industry and transportation) and their emitted highly reactive species were determined. Particularly, with low levels of ambient VOC and primary emissions, in this VOC and NOx double-controlled regime, crude disorganized emission from food industry contributed a high RCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meixiu Guo
- Beihai Ecology and Environment Agency, Beihai, Guangxi 536000, China
| | - Jinmin Luo
- Beihai Ecology and Environment Agency, Beihai, Guangxi 536000, China
| | - Deming Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haohao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaodan Jin
- Environmental Protection Research Institute of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China
| | - Haoxiang Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linping Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Dominutti P, Nogueira T, Fornaro A, Borbon A. One decade of VOCs measurements in São Paulo megacity: Composition, variability, and emission evaluation in a biofuel usage context. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139790. [PMID: 32559485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In South America, the observations of atmospheric pollutants are deficient, and few cities have implemented air quality monitoring programs. In addition, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) observations are still missing, and little is known about their contributions to the atmospheric composition and impacts in a large ethanol usage context like Brazil. Here, we present a wide range of VOCs that have been measured for ten years in São Paulo Megacity (SPM) in different campaigns at traffic, urban and background sites. When compared with other cities worldwide, the average VOCs ambient concentrations in SPM were higher by factors of 2 to 10. However, the ambient VOCs distribution among these cities is homogeneous even for ethanol, aldehydes and alkenes species. Emission ratios (ER) were established related to carbon monoxide and acetylene, which did not depict strong seasonal and interannual variability in SPM. When compared with previous studies, ERs showed an enrichment from road-tunnel to background, suggesting the presence of other sources than traffic. A good agreement in ER was found with Los Angeles and Paris; but limited consistencies with Middle East and Asia cities. Our ethanol measurements show that contrasted ER can be obtained depending on the emission process involved, with a strong impact of evaporation on ethanol concentrations. The multiyear acetaldehyde analysis displayed that ER could be a valuable metric to assess the long-term changes in emissions sources. Finally, VOCs emissions were calculated from ER and compared with those estimated by the global emission inventory (Edgar). The total VOC emissions estimated by the global inventory agree very well with those from our observations up to 75%. Nevertheless, the VOCs speciation is misrepresented in the inventory, mainly for oxygenated and heavier alkanes compounds. These inconsistencies will also have an impact on the quantification of secondary atmospheric pollutants formation associated to road transport emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Dominutti
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo (IAG-USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, LaMP-UMR 6016, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Thiago Nogueira
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo (IAG-USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalgiza Fornaro
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo (IAG-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agnès Borbon
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, LaMP-UMR 6016, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63178 Aubière, France
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Zhang F, Shang X, Chen H, Xie G, Fu Y, Wu D, Sun W, Liu P, Zhang C, Mu Y, Zeng L, Wan M, Wang Y, Xiao H, Wang G, Chen J. Significant impact of coal combustion on VOCs emissions in winter in a North China rural site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137617. [PMID: 32325589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was carried out using an online GC-FID/MS at a rural site in North China Plain from 1 Nov. 2017 to 21 Jan. 2018. Their concentrations, emission ratios and source apportionment are investigated. During the entire experiment period, the average mixing ratio of VOCs was 69.5 ± 51.9 ppb, among which alkanes contributed the most (37% on average). Eight sources were identified in the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) model as short-chain alkanes (13.3%), biomass burning (4.6%), solvent (10.8%), industry (3.7%), coal combustion (41.1%), background (4.5%), vehicular emission (7.7%) and secondary formation (14.2%). In addition to the formation of OVOCs through photochemical reactions, the primary sources, such as coal combustion, biomass burning, vehicular emission, solvent and industry, can also contribute to OVOCs emissions. High OVOCs emission ratios thus were observed at Wangdu site. Primary emission was estimated to contribute 50%, 45%, 73%, 77%, 40%, and 29% on average to acrolein, acetone, methylvinylketone (MVK), methylethylketone (MEK), methacrolein and n-hexanal according to NMF analysis, respectively, which was well consistent with the contribution from photochemical age method. Secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) was evaluated by SOA yield, which was significantly higher under low-NOx condition (13.4 μg m-3 ppm-1) than that under high-NOx condition (3.2 μg m-3 ppm-1). Moreover, the photochemical reactivity and sources of VOCs showed differences in seven observed pollution episodes. Among, the largest OH loss rate and SOAFP were found in severe pollution plumes, which were induced primarily by coal combustion. Therefore, mitigation strategies for severe pollution formation should focus on reducing coal combustion emitted VOCs that lead to SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314000, China
| | - Xiaona Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Guangzhao Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314000, China
| | - Di Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314000, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 200062, China.
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6
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Wang S, Apel EC, Hornbrook RS, Hills A, Emmons LK, Tilmes S, Lamarque JF, Jimenez JL, Campuzano-Jost P, Nault BA, Crounse JD, Wennberg PO, Ryerson TB, Thompson CR, Peischl J, Moore F, Nance D, Hall B, Elkins J, Tanner D, Gregory Huey L, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Orlando JJ, Tyndall GS, Flocke FM, Ray E, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, St.Clair J, Commane R, Daube B, Barletta B, Blake DR, Weinzierl B, Dollner M, Conley A, Vitt F, Wofsy SC, Riemer DD. Atmospheric Acetaldehyde: Importance of Air-Sea Exchange and a Missing Source in the Remote Troposphere. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 46:5601-5613. [PMID: 32606484 PMCID: PMC7325730 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl082034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report airborne measurements of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) during the first and second deployments of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). The budget of CH3CHO is examined using the Community Atmospheric Model with chemistry (CAM-chem), with a newly-developed online air-sea exchange module. The upper limit of the global ocean net emission of CH3CHO is estimated to be 34 Tg a-1 (42 Tg a-1 if considering bubble-mediated transfer), and the ocean impacts on tropospheric CH3CHO are mostly confined to the marine boundary layer. Our analysis suggests that there is an unaccounted CH3CHO source in the remote troposphere and that organic aerosols can only provide a fraction of this missing source. We propose that peroxyacetic acid (PAA) is an ideal indicator of the rapid CH3CHO production in the remote troposphere. The higher-than-expected CH3CHO measurements represent a missing sink of hydroxyl radicals (and halogen radical) in current chemistry-climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- Advanced Study Program (ASP), National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Alan Hills
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Louisa K. Emmons
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Simone Tilmes
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Jean-François Lamarque
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Benjamin A. Nault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Paul O. Wennberg
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Chelsea R. Thompson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Fred Moore
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - David Nance
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Brad Hall
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - James Elkins
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - David Tanner
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - L. Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - John J. Orlando
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Geoff S. Tyndall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Frank M. Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Eric Ray
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Thomas F. Hanisco
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228
| | - Jason St.Clair
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228
| | - Róisín Commane
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - Bruce Daube
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Barbara Barletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine; CA 92697
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine; CA 92697
| | - Bernadett Weinzierl
- Faculty of Physics, Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Maximilian Dollner
- Faculty of Physics, Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Andrew Conley
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Francis Vitt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Steven C. Wofsy
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Ye JT, Bai FY, Pan XM. Computational study of H-abstraction reactions from CH 3OCH 2CH 2Cl/CH 3CH 2OCH 2CH 2Cl by Cl atom and OH radical and fate of alkoxy radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23467-23484. [PMID: 27614635 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multichannel gas-phase reactions of CH3OCH2CH2Cl/CH3CH2OCH2CH2Cl with chlorine atom and hydroxyl radical have been investigated using ab initio method and canonical variational transition-state dynamic computations with the small-curvature tunneling correction. Further energetic information is refined by the coupled-cluster calculations with single and double excitations (CCSD)(T) method. Both hydrogen abstraction and displacement processes are carried out at the same level. Our results reveal that H-abstraction from the -OCH2- group is the dominant channel for CH3OCH2CH2Cl by OH radical or Cl atom, and from α-CH2 of the group CH3CH2- is predominate for the reaction CH3CH2OCH2CH2Cl with Cl/OH. The contribution of displacement processes may be unimportant due to the high barriers. The values of the calculated rate constants reproduce remarkably well the available experiment data. Standard enthalpies of formation for reactants and product radicals are calculated by isodesmic reactions. The Arrhenius expressions are given within 220-1200 K. The atmospheric lifetime, ozone depleting potential (ODP), ozone formation potential (OFP), and global warming potential (GWP) of CH3OCH2CH2Cl/CH3CH2OCH2CH2Cl are investigated. Meanwhile, the atmospheric fate of the alkoxy radicals are also researched using the same level of theory. To shed light on the atmospheric degradation, a mechanistic study is obtained, which indicates that reaction with O2 is the dominant path for the decomposition of CH3OCH(O•)CH2Cl, the C-C bond scission reaction is the primary reaction path in the consumption of CH3CH(O•)OCH2CH2Cl in the atmosphere. HIGHLIGHTS Ab initio method and canonical variational transition-state theory are employed to study the kinetic nature of hydrogen abstraction reactions of CH3OCH2CH2Cl/CH3CH2OCH2CH2Cl with Cl atom and OH radical and fate of alkoxy radicals (CH3OCH(O•)CH2Cl/CH3CH(O•)OCH2CH2Cl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ting Ye
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yang Bai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Pan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Liu C, Mu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Sheng J, Quan J. Development of gas chromatography-flame ionization detection system with a single column and liquid nitrogen-free for measuring atmospheric C2–C12 hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1427:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Gilman JB, Lerner BM, Kuster WC, de Gouw JA. Source signature of volatile organic compounds from oil and natural gas operations in northeastern Colorado. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:1297-1305. [PMID: 23316938 DOI: 10.1021/es304119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An extensive set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was measured at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in winter 2011 in order to investigate the composition and influence of VOC emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) operations in northeastern Colorado. BAO is 30 km north of Denver and is in the southwestern section of Wattenberg Field, one of Colorado's most productive O&NG fields. We compare VOC concentrations at BAO to those of other U.S. cities and summertime measurements at two additional sites in northeastern Colorado, as well as the composition of raw natural gas from Wattenberg Field. These comparisons show that (i) the VOC source signature associated with O&NG operations can be clearly differentiated from urban sources dominated by vehicular exhaust, and (ii) VOCs emitted from O&NG operations are evident at all three measurement sites in northeastern Colorado. At BAO, the reactivity of VOCs with the hydroxyl radical (OH) was dominated by C(2)-C(6) alkanes due to their remarkably large abundances (e.g., mean propane = 27.2 ppbv). Through statistical regression analysis, we estimate that on average 55 ± 18% of the VOC-OH reactivity was attributable to emissions from O&NG operations indicating that these emissions are a significant source of ozone precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States.
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10
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Isocyanic acid in the atmosphere and its possible link to smoke-related health effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:8966-71. [PMID: 21576489 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103352108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured isocyanic acid (HNCO) in laboratory biomass fires at levels up to 600 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), demonstrating that it has a significant source from pyrolysis/combustion of biomass. We also measured HNCO at mixing ratios up to 200 pptv (parts-per-trillion by volume) in ambient air in urban Los Angeles, CA, and in Boulder, CO, during the recent 2010 Fourmile Canyon fire. Further, our measurements of aqueous solubility show that HNCO is highly soluble, as it dissociates at physiological pH. Exposure levels > 1 ppbv provide a direct source of isocyanic acid and cyanate ion (NCO(-)) to humans at levels that have recognized health effects: atherosclerosis, cataracts, and rheumatoid arthritis, through the mechanism of protein carbamylation. In addition to the wildland fire and urban sources, we observed HNCO in tobacco smoke, HNCO has been reported from the low-temperature combustion of coal, and as a by-product of urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems that are being phased-in to control on-road diesel NO(x) emissions in the United States and the European Union. Given the current levels of exposure in populations that burn biomass or use tobacco, the expected growth in biomass burning emissions with warmer, drier regional climates, and planned increase in diesel SCR controls, it is imperative that we understand the extent and effects of this HNCO exposure.
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11
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Hopkins JR, Jones CE, Lewis AC. A dual channel gas chromatograph for atmospheric analysis of volatile organic compounds including oxygenated and monoterpene compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2268-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Parrish DD, Allen DT, Bates TS, Estes M, Fehsenfeld FC, Feingold G, Ferrare R, Hardesty RM, Meagher JF, Nielsen-Gammon JW, Pierce RB, Ryerson TB, Seinfeld JH, Williams EJ. Overview of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Gilman JB, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Herndon SC, Zahniser MS, Tucker SC, Brewer WA, Lerner BM, Williams EJ, Harley RA, Fehsenfeld FC, Warneke C, de Gouw JA. Measurements of volatile organic compounds during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS campaign: Industrial influences, regional characteristics, and diurnal dependencies of the OH reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Shao M, Lu S, Liu Y, Xie X, Chang C, Huang S, Chen Z. Volatile organic compounds measured in summer in Beijing and their role in ground‐level ozone formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Osthoff HD, Bates TS, Johnson JE, Kuster WC, Goldan P, Sommariva R, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Pettersson A, Baynard T, Meagher JF, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR, Brown SS. Regional variation of the dimethyl sulfide oxidation mechanism in the summertime marine boundary layer in the Gulf of Maine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Simon H, Kimura Y, McGaughey G, Allen DT, Brown SS, Osthoff HD, Roberts JM, Byun D, Lee D. Modeling the impact of ClNO2on ozone formation in the Houston area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Shao M, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Li X, Lu S, de Gouw JA. Source identification of reactive hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs in the summertime in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:75-81. [PMID: 19209587 DOI: 10.1021/es801716n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is important to identify the sources of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Beijing for effective ground-level ozone abatement. In this paper, semihourly measurements of hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were taken at an urban site in Beijing in August2005. C2-C5 alkenes, isoprene, and C1-C3 aldehydes were determined as "key reactive species" by their OH loss rates. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define the major sources of reactive species and to classify the dominant air mass types at the sampling site. Vehicle exhaust was the largest contributor to reactive alkenes. More aged air masses with enriched OVOCs traveled mainly from the east or southeast of Beijing. The OVOC sources were estimated by a least-squares fit approach and included primary emissions, secondary sources, and background. Approximately half of the C1-C3 aldehydes were attributed to secondary sources, while regional background accounted for 21-23% of the mixing ratios of aldehydes. Primary anthropogenic emissions were comparable to biogenic contributions (10-16%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Song Y, Dai W, Shao M, Liu Y, Lu S, Kuster W, Goldan P. Comparison of receptor models for source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 156:174-183. [PMID: 18234404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is key to reducing ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Several receptor models have been developed to apportion sources, but an intercomparison of these models had not been performed for VOCs in China. In the present study, we compared VOC sources based on chemical mass balance (CMB), UNMIX, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models. Gasoline-related sources, petrochemical production, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were identified by all three models as the major contributors, with UNMIX and PMF producing quite similar results. The contributions of gasoline-related sources and LPG estimated by the CMB model were higher, and petrochemical emissions were lower than in the UNMIX and PMF results, possibly because the VOC profiles used in the CMB model were for fresh emissions and the profiles extracted from ambient measurements by the two-factor analysis models were "aged".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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Bechara J, Borbon A, Jambert C, Perros PE. New off-line aircraft instrumentation for non-methane hydrocarbon measurements. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:865-76. [PMID: 18751685 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
New off-line instrumentation was developed to implement measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) on (French) research aircraft. NMHC are collected on multisorbent tubes by AMOVOC (Airborne Measurements Of Volatile Organic Compounds), a new automatic sampler. AMOVOC is a versatile and portable sampler targeting a wide range of NMHC at high frequency (sampling time of 10 min). Multisorbent tubes are analyzed on the ground by short-path thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The development and optimization of both NMHC sampling and analysis are reported here. On the one hand, the paper points out technical choices that were made according to aircraft constraints and avoiding sample loss or contamination. On the other hand, it describes analytical optimization, tube storage stability, and moisture removal. The method shows high selectivity, sensitivity (limit of detection less than 10 ppt) and precision (less than 24%). Finally, NMHC data collected on French aircraft during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis campaign are reported for the first time. The results highlight instrumentation validity and protocol efficiency for NMHC measurements in the lower and upper troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Bechara
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, Universités Paris 12 et Paris 7, CNRS, 94000, Créteil, France.
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20
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Huang S, Shao M, Lu S, Liu Y. Reactivity of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in summer of 2004 in Beijing. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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de Gouw JA, Brock CA, Atlas EL, Bates TS, Fehsenfeld FC, Goldan PD, Holloway JS, Kuster WC, Lerner BM, Matthew BM, Middlebrook AM, Onasch TB, Peltier RE, Quinn PK, Senff CJ, Stohl A, Sullivan AP, Trainer M, Warneke C, Weber RJ, Williams EJ. Sources of particulate matter in the northeastern United States in summer: 1. Direct emissions and secondary formation of organic matter in urban plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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White ML, Russo RS, Zhou Y, Mao H, Varner RK, Ambrose J, Veres P, Wingenter OW, Haase K, Stutz J, Talbot R, Sive BC. Volatile organic compounds in northern New England marine and continental environments during the ICARTT 2004 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Shively DD, Pape BMC, Mower RN, Zhou Y, Russo R, Sive BC. Blowing smoke in Yellowstone: air quality impacts of oversnow motorized recreation in the park. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2008; 41:183-199. [PMID: 18026785 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-007-9036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Snowmobile use in Yellowstone National Park has been shown to impact air quality, with implications for the safety and welfare of Park staff and other Park resource values. Localized impacts have been documented at several high-use sites in the Park, but the broader spatial variability of snowmobile emissions and air quality was not understood. Measurements of 87 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were made for ambient air sampled across the Park and West Yellowstone, Montana, during 2 days of the 2002-2003 winter use season, 1 year before the implementation of a new snowmobile policy. The data were compared with similar data from pristine West Coast sites at similar latitudes. Backward trajectories of local air masses, alkyl nitrate-parent alkane ratios, and atmospheric soundings were used to identify the VOC sources and assess their impact. Different oversnow vehicle types used in the Park were sampled to determine their relative influence on air mass pollutant composition. VOCs were of local origin and demonstrated strong spatiotemporal variability that is primarily influenced by levels of snowmobile traffic on given road segments at different times of day. High levels of snowmobile traffic in and around West Yellowstone produced consistently high levels of benzene, toluene, and carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Shively
- Department of Geography, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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24
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Miller BR, Weiss RF, Salameh PK, Tanhua T, Greally BR, Mühle J, Simmonds PG. Medusa: A Sample Preconcentration and GC/MS Detector System for in Situ Measurements of Atmospheric Trace Halocarbons, Hydrocarbons, and Sulfur Compounds. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1536-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac702084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Miller
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Leibniz-Institut für
Meereswissenschaften, Marine Biogeochemie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-241 05 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ray F. Weiss
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Leibniz-Institut für
Meereswissenschaften, Marine Biogeochemie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-241 05 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Peter K. Salameh
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Leibniz-Institut für
Meereswissenschaften, Marine Biogeochemie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-241 05 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Toste Tanhua
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Leibniz-Institut für
Meereswissenschaften, Marine Biogeochemie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-241 05 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Brian R. Greally
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Leibniz-Institut für
Meereswissenschaften, Marine Biogeochemie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-241 05 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jens Mühle
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Leibniz-Institut für
Meereswissenschaften, Marine Biogeochemie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-241 05 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Peter G. Simmonds
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, Leibniz-Institut für
Meereswissenschaften, Marine Biogeochemie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-241 05 Kiel, Germany, and School of Chemistry,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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25
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Brown SS, Dubé WP, Osthoff HD, Stutz J, Ryerson TB, Wollny AG, Brock CA, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Atlas E, Neuman JA, Holloway JS, Lerner BM, Williams EJ, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Angevine WM, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Vertical profiles in NO3and N2O5measured from an aircraft: Results from the NOAA P-3 and surface platforms during the New England Air Quality Study 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Roberts JM, Marchewka M, Bertman SB, Sommariva R, Warneke C, de Gouw J, Kuster W, Goldan P, Williams E, Lerner BM, Murphy P, Fehsenfeld FC. Measurements of PANs during the New England Air Quality Study 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Warneke C, McKeen SA, de Gouw JA, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Holloway JS, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, Parrish DD, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Kato S, Atlas EL, Baker A, Blake DR. Determination of urban volatile organic compound emission ratios and comparison with an emissions database. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Warneke
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. A. McKeen
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. de Gouw
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. J. Williams
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. M. Lerner
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - S. Kato
- Department of Chemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. L. Atlas
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
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28
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Chen M, Talbot R, Mao H, Sive B, Chen J, Griffin RJ. Air mass classification in coastal New England and its relationship to meteorological conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Robert Talbot
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Huiting Mao
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Barkley Sive
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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29
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Stark H, Brown SS, Goldan PD, Aldener M, Kuster WC, Jakoubek R, Fehsenfeld FC, Meagher J, Bates TS, Ravishankara AR. Influence of nitrate radical on the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide in a polluted marine environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Stark
- Chemical Sciences Division; Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division; Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Chemical Sciences Division; Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Aldener
- Chemical Sciences Division; Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Chemical Sciences Division; Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Jakoubek
- Chemical Sciences Division; Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Chemical Sciences Division; Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Meagher
- Chemical Sciences Division; Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division; Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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30
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Parrish DD, Stohl A, Forster C, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, de Gouw JA. Effects of mixing on evolution of hydrocarbon ratios in the troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Department of Regional and Global Pollution Issues; Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - C. Forster
- Department of Regional and Global Pollution Issues; Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - E. L. Atlas
- Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. de Gouw
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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31
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Fehsenfeld FC, Ancellet G, Bates TS, Goldstein AH, Hardesty RM, Honrath R, Law KS, Lewis AC, Leaitch R, McKeen S, Meagher J, Parrish DD, Pszenny AAP, Russell PB, Schlager H, Seinfeld J, Talbot R, Zbinden R. International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe-Overview of the 2004 summer field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. M. Hardesty
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. Leaitch
- Science and Technology Branch; Environment Canada; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - S. McKeen
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Meagher
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. A. P. Pszenny
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - J. Seinfeld
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. Zbinden
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; UMR 5560, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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32
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Quinn PK, Bates TS, Coffman D, Onasch TB, Worsnop D, Baynard T, de Gouw JA, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Williams E, Roberts JM, Lerner B, Stohl A, Pettersson A, Lovejoy ER. Impacts of sources and aging on submicrometer aerosol properties in the marine boundary layer across the Gulf of Maine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Quinn
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - D. Coffman
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - T. B. Onasch
- Aerodyne Research, Inc.; Billerica Massachusetts USA
| | - D. Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research, Inc.; Billerica Massachusetts USA
| | - T. Baynard
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. Williams
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. M. Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Department of Regional and Global Pollution Issues; Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | | | - E. R. Lovejoy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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33
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Osthoff HD, Sommariva R, Baynard T, Pettersson A, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, Roberts JM, Stark H, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Bates TS, Coffman D, Ravishankara AR, Brown SS. Observation of daytime N2
O5
in the marine boundary layer during New England Air Quality Study-Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans D. Osthoff
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Roberto Sommariva
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Tahllee Baynard
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Anders Pettersson
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Eric J. Williams
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brian M. Lerner
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Harald Stark
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paul D. Goldan
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William C. Kuster
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Timothy S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Derek Coffman
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Cooperate Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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34
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Roberts JM, Marchewka M, Bertman SB, Goldan P, Kuster W, de Gouw J, Warneke C, Williams E, Lerner B, Murphy P, Apel E, Fehsenfeld FC. Analysis of the isoprene chemistry observed during the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) 2002 intensive experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Mathew Marchewka
- Department of Chemistry; Western Michigan University; Kalamazoo Michigan USA
| | - Steven B. Bertman
- Department of Chemistry; Western Michigan University; Kalamazoo Michigan USA
| | - Paul Goldan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William Kuster
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Joost de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Eric Williams
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brian Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paul Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Eric Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Fred C. Fehsenfeld
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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35
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Aldener M, Brown SS, Stark H, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Quinn PK, Bates TS, Fehsenfeld FC, Ravishankara AR. Reactivity and loss mechanisms of NO3
and N2
O5
in a polluted marine environment: Results from in situ measurements during New England Air Quality Study 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Aldener
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Harald Stark
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Eric J. Williams
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brian M. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William C. Kuster
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paul D. Goldan
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | | | - A. R. Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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36
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Pollmann J, Helmig D, Hueber J, Tanner D, Tans PP. Evaluation of solid adsorbent materials for cryogen-free trapping—gas chromatographic analysis of atmospheric C2–C6 non-methane hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1134:1-15. [PMID: 17010353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nine commercial solid adsorbent materials (in order of decreasing surface area: Carboxen 1000, Carbosieve S III, molecular sieve 5A, molecular sieve 4A, silica gel, Carboxen 563, activated alumina, Carbotrap and Carboxen 1016) were investigated for their ability to trap and release C2-C6 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in atmospheric samples for subsequent thermal desorption gas chromatography-flame ionization detection analysis (GC-FID). Recovery rates for 23 NMHCs and methyl chloride (CH3Cl) were determined. A microtrap filled with the three adsorbents Carbosieve S III, Carboxen 563 and Carboxen 1016 was found to allow for the analysis of the widest range of target analytes. A detection limit of approximately 3pptC [parts per trillion (carbon)] in a 1l air sample and a linear response over a wide range of volatilities and sample volumes was determined for this configuration. Water vapor in the sample air was found to causes interference in trapping and subsequent chromatographic analysis of light NMHCs. A Peltier-cooled, regenerable water trap inserted into the sample flow path was found to mitigate these problems and to allow quantitative and reproducible results for all analytes at all tested humidity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pollmann
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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37
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Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Stohl A, Cooper OR, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Holloway JS, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, McKeen SA, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Atlas EL, Donnelly SG, Stroud V, Lueb A, Kato S. Biomass burning and anthropogenic sources of CO over New England in the summer 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - O. R. Cooper
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. J. Williams
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. M. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. A. McKeen
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. L. Atlas
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - S. G. Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry; Fort Hays State University; Fort Hays Kansas USA
| | - Verity Stroud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Amy Lueb
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Kato
- Department of Chemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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38
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Tanner D, Helmig D, Hueber J, Goldan P. Gas chromatography system for the automated, unattended, and cryogen-free monitoring of C2 to C6 non-methane hydrocarbons in the remote troposphere. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1111:76-88. [PMID: 16497314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An unattended, automated, on-line, cryogen-free, remotely controlled gas chromatography (GC) system was developed and has been deployed for more than 1 year for the continuous determination of C(2) to C(6) hydrocarbons at an observatory located at 2225 m elevation, on the summit caldera of an inactive volcano on the island of Pico, Azores. The GC instrument is tailored to the measurement challenges at this remote and high altitude site. All consumable gases are prepared in situ. Total power use remains below 700 W at all times. Sample collection and analysis is performed without use of cryogen. Hydrocarbons are concentrated on a one-stage trapping/injection system consisting of a Peltier-cooled multi-bed solid adsorbent trap. Analytes are detected after thermal desorption and separation on an alumina-PLOT (porous-layer open tubular) column by flame ionization detection (FID). Sample focusing, desorption, separation and detection parameters were thoroughly investigated to ensure quantitative collection and subsequent injection onto the GC system. GC operation is controlled remotely and data are downloaded daily. Sample volumes (600 and 3000 ml) are alternated for analysis of C(2) to C(3) and C(3) to C(6) hydrocarbons, respectively. Detection limits are in the low parts per trillion by volume (pptv) range, sufficient for quantification of the compounds of interest at their central North Atlantic lower free troposphere background concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tanner
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, 80309-0450, USA
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39
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Warneke C, Kato S, De Gouw JA, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Shao M, Lovejoy ER, Fall R, Fehsenfeld FC. Online volatile organic compound measurements using a newly developed proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometry instrument during New England Air Quality Study--Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2004: performance, intercomparison, and compound identification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:5390-7. [PMID: 16082971 DOI: 10.1021/es050602o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have used a newly developed proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometry (PIT-MS) instrument for online trace gas analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the 2004 New England Air Quality Study-Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation study. The PIT-MS instrument uses proton-transfer reactions with H3O+ ions to ionize VOCs, similarto a PTR-MS (proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry) instrument but uses an ion trap mass spectrometer to analyze the product ions. The advantages of an ion trap are the improved identification of VOCs and a near 100% duty cycle. During the experiment, the PIT-MS instrument had a detection limit between 0.05 and 0.3 pbbv (S/N = 3 (signal-to-noise ratio)) for 2-min integration time for most tested VOCs. PIT-MS was used for ambient air measurements onboard a research ship and agreed well with a gas chromatography mass spectrometer). The comparison included oxygenated VOCs, aromatic compounds, and others such as isoprene, monoterpenes, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfide. Automated collision-induced dissociation measurements were used to determine the contributions of acetone and propanal to the measured signal at 59 amu; both species are detected at this mass and are thus indistinguishable in conventional PTR-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Warneke
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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40
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Rajakumar B, Burkholder JB, Portmann RW, Ravishankara AR. Rate coefficients for the OH + CFH2CH2OH reaction between 238 and 355 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2498-505. [PMID: 15962035 DOI: 10.1039/b503332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate coefficient for the reaction OH + CFH2CH2OH --> products (k1) between 238 and 355 K was measured using the pulsed laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) technique to be (5.15 +/- 0.88)x 10(-12) exp[-(330 +/- 45)/T] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1); k1(298 K)= 1.70 x 10(-12) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted uncertainties are 2sigma(95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. The present results are discussed in relation to the measured rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with other fluorinated alcohols and those calculated using recently reported structure additivity relationships for fluorinated compounds (K. Tokuhashi, H. Nagai, A. Takahashi, M. Kaise, S. Kondo, A. Sekiya, M. Takahashi, Y. Gotoh and A. Suga, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 2664-2672, ). Infrared absorption cross sections for CFH2CH2OH are reported and they are used to calculate the global warming potentials (GWP) for CFH2CH2OH of approximately 8, approximately 2, and approximately 1, respectively, for the 20, 100 and 500 year horizons. A brief discussion of the atmospheric degradation of CFH2CH2OH is provided. It is concluded that CFH2CH2OH is an acceptable substitute for CFCs in terms of its impact on Earth's climate and the composition of the atmosphere. The room temperature rate coefficient for the reaction OH + CFH2CH2OH --> products (k10) was measured to be 3.26 x 10(-12) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1), in good agreement with recent measurements from this laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rajakumar
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325, Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305-3328, USA.
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41
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de Gouw JA. Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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