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Borhani F, Shafiepour Motlagh M, Ehsani AH, Rashidi Y, Ghahremanloo M, Amani M, Moghimi A. Current Status and Future Forecast of Short-lived Climate-Forced Ozone in Tehran, Iran, derived from Ground-Based and Satellite Observations. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:134. [PMID: 36819757 PMCID: PMC9930078 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the distribution and alterations of ozone concentrations in Tehran, Iran, in 2021 were investigated. The impacts of precursors (i.e., CO, NO2, and NO) on ozone were examined using the data collected over 12 months (i.e., January 2021 to December 2021) from 21 stations of the Air Quality Control Company (AQCC). The results of monthly heat mapping of tropospheric ozone concentrations indicated the lowest value in December and the highest value in July. The lowest and highest seasonal concentrations were in winter and summer, respectively. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between ozone and its precursors. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method was then implemented to obtain air pollution zoning maps. Then, ozone concentration modeled by the IDW method was compared with the average monthly change of total column density of ozone derived from Sentinel-5 satellite data in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. A good agreement was discovered despite the harsh circumstances that both ground-based and satellite measurements were subjected to. The results obtained from both datasets showed that the west of the city of Tehran had the highest averaged O3 concentration. In this study, the status of the concentration of ozone precursors and tropospheric ozone in 2022 was also predicted. For this purpose, the Box-Jenkins Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) approach was implemented to predict the monthly air quality parameters. Overall, it was observed that the SARIMA approach was an efficient tool for forecasting air quality. Finally, the results showed that the trends of ozone obtained from terrestrial and satellite observations throughout 2021 were slightly different due to the contribution of the tropospheric ozone precursor concentration and meteorology conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Borhani
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, Tehran, 14155-6135 Iran
| | - Majid Shafiepour Motlagh
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, Tehran, 14155-6135 Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Ehsani
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, Tehran, 14155-6135 Iran
| | - Yousef Rashidi
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghahremanloo
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA
| | - Meisam Amani
- Wood Environment and Infrastructure Solutions, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L5 Canada
| | - Armin Moghimi
- Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, K. N Iran
- Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Yan Q, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Li J. Summertime Clean-Background Ozone Concentrations Derived from Ozone Precursor Relationships are Lower than Previous Estimates in the Southeast United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12852-12861. [PMID: 34546042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background ozone in this study is defined as the amount of ozone that is not affected by the emissions of ozone precursors in the region of study and is transported from the distant troposphere or the stratosphere. It is one of the factors that must be considered in regional ozone control strategies. Different methods have been applied to define the background ozone level. We develop a new method based on the O3-CO-HCHO relationships, which can be applied to both observation and modeling data for regions with high isoprene emission ozone, such as the Southeast United States. We make use of the extensive aircraft and surface observations in the Southeast in the summer of 2013. Compared to the diagnostic results using the relationship of O3-NOz (total reactive nitrogen excluding nitrogen oxides), zero-emission (model-only), and 5th percentile methods, the new method is most consistent using observation or model data and the resulting background ozone concentrations are 4-50% lower than the other methods for field campaigns. Using this method, we find that the summertime background ozone at the surface is in the range of 10-15 ppbv in the inland areas of the Southeast, which is lower than that reported in previous studies. This background ozone tends to increase from urban centers to rural regions and from the surface to higher altitude due to changing ozone lifetime driven by anthropogenic emissions and dry deposition to the surface. The better quantification of background ozone using the new method highlights the importance of the contributions by natural emissions to ozone and the necessity to control anthropogenic emissions in ozone nonattainment areas of the Southeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Yan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ye Cheng
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Liu H, Liu J, Liu Y, Ouyang B, Xiang S, Yi K, Tao S. Analysis of wintertime O 3 variability using a random forest model and high-frequency observations in Zhangjiakou-an area with background pollution level of the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114191. [PMID: 32126436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The short-term health effects of ozone (O3) have highlighted the need for high-temporal-resolution O3 observations to accurately assess human exposure to O3. Here, we performed 20-s resolution observations of O3 precursors and meteorological factors to train a random forest model capable of accurately predicting O3 concentrations. Our model performed well with an average validated R2 of 0.997. Unlike in typical linear model frameworks, variable dependencies are not clearly modelled by random forest model. Thus, we conducted additional studies to provide insight into the photochemical and atmospheric dynamic processes driving variations in O3 concentrations. At nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations of 10-20 ppb, all the other O3 precursors were in states that increased the production of O3. Over a short timescale, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can almost track each high-frequency variation in O3. Meteorological factors play a more important role than O3 precursors do in predicting O3 concentrations at a high temporal resolution; however, individual meteorological factors are not sufficient to track every high-frequency change in O3. Nevertheless, the sharp variations in O3 related to flow dynamics are often accompanied by steep temperature changes. Our results suggest that high-temporal-resolution observations, both ground-based and vertical profiles, are necessary for the accurate assessment of human exposure to O3 and the success and accountability of the emission control strategies for improving air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Statistics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Songlin Xiang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kan Yi
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Choi HD, Liu H, Crawford JH, Considine DB, Allen DJ, Duncan BN, Horowitz LW, Rodriguez JM, Strahan SE, Zhang L, Liu X, Damon MR, Steenrod SD. Global O 3-CO Correlations in a Chemistry and Transport Model During July-August: Evaluation with TES Satellite Observations and Sensitivity to Input Meteorological Data and Emissions. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:8429-8452. [PMID: 32457810 PMCID: PMC7250209 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-8429-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examine the capability of the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model to reproduce global mid-tropospheric (618hPa) O3-CO correlations determined by the measurements from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard NASA's Aura satellite during boreal summer (July-August). The model is driven by three meteorological data sets (fvGCM with sea surface temperature for 1995, GEOS4-DAS for 2005, and MERRA for 2005), allowing us to examine the sensitivity of model O3-CO correlations to input meteorological data. Model simulations of radionuclide tracers (222Rn, 210Pb, and 7Be) are used to illustrate the differences in transport-related processes among the meteorological data sets. Simulated O3 values are evaluated with climatological ozone profiles from ozonesonde measurements and satellite tropospheric O3 columns. Despite the fact that three simulations show significantly different global and regional distributions of O3 and CO concentrations, all simulations show similar patterns of O3-CO correlations on a global scale. These patterns are consistent with those derived from TES observations, except in the tropical easterly biomass burning outflow regions. Discrepancies in regional O3-CO correlation patterns in the three simulations may be attributed to differences in convective transport, stratospheric influence, and subsidence, among other processes. To understand how various emissions drive global O3-CO correlation patterns, we examine the sensitivity of GMI/MERRA model-calculated O3 and CO concentrations and their correlations to emission types (fossil fuel, biomass burning, biogenic, and lightning NOx emissions). Fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions are mainly responsible for the strong positive O3-CO correlations over continental outflow regions in both hemispheres. Biogenic emissions have a relatively smaller impact on O3-CO correlations than other emissions, but are largely responsible for the negative correlations over the tropical eastern Pacific, reflecting the fact that O3 is consumed and CO generated during the atmospheric oxidation process of isoprene under low NOx conditions. We find that lightning NOx emissions degrade both positive correlations at mid-/high- latitudes and negative correlations in the tropics because ozone production downwind of lightning NOx emissions is not directly related to the emission and transport of CO. Our study concludes that O3-CO correlations may be used effectively to constrain the sources of regional tropospheric O3 in global 3-D models, especially for those regions where convective transport of pollution plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongyu Liu
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA
| | | | - David B. Considine
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Now at NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan E. Strahan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
| | - Lin Zhang
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Now at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Megan R. Damon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD
| | - Stephen D. Steenrod
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
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Abstract
The extent to which stratospheric intrusions on synoptic scales influence the tropospheric ozone (O3) levels remains poorly understood, because quantitative detection of stratospheric air has been challenging. Cosmogenic 35S mainly produced in the stratosphere has the potential to identify stratospheric air masses at ground level, but this approach has not yet been unambiguously shown. Here, we report unusually high 35S concentrations (7,390 atoms m-3; ∼16 times greater than annual average) in fine sulfate aerosols (aerodynamic diameter less than 0.95 µm) collected at a coastal site in southern California on May 3, 2014, when ground-level O3 mixing ratios at air quality monitoring stations across southern California (43 of 85) exceeded the recently revised US National Ambient Air Quality Standard (daily maximum 8-h average: 70 parts per billion by volume). The stratospheric origin of the significantly enhanced 35S level is supported by in situ measurements of air pollutants and meteorological variables, satellite observations, meteorological analysis, and box model calculations. The deep stratospheric intrusion event was driven by the coupling between midlatitude cyclones and Santa Ana winds, and it was responsible for the regional O3 pollution episode. These results provide direct field-based evidence that 35S is an additional sensitive and unambiguous tracer in detecting stratospheric air in the boundary layer and offer the potential for resolving the stratospheric influences on the tropospheric O3 level.
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6
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Sources and Dynamic Processes Controlling Background and Peak Concentrations of TGM in Nanjing, China. ATMOSPHERE 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos5010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Comparison of Particulate Mercury Measured with Manual and Automated Methods. ATMOSPHERE 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hudman RC, Murray LT, Jacob DJ, Turquety S, Wu S, Millet DB, Avery M, Goldstein AH, Holloway J. North American influence on tropospheric ozone and the effects of recent emission reductions: Constraints from ICARTT observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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White ML, Russo RS, Zhou Y, Mao H, Varner RK, Ambrose J, Veres P, Wingenter OW, Haase K, Stutz J, Talbot R, Sive BC. Volatile organic compounds in northern New England marine and continental environments during the ICARTT 2004 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Ambrose JL, Mao H, Mayne HR, Stutz J, Talbot R, Sive BC. Nighttime nitrate radical chemistry at Appledore Island, Maine during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Darby LS, McKeen SA, Senff CJ, White AB, Banta RM, Post MJ, Brewer WA, Marchbanks R, Alvarez RJ, Peckham SE, Mao H, Talbot R. Ozone differences between near-coastal and offshore sites in New England: Role of meteorology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Yu S, Mathur R, Schere K, Kang D, Pleim J, Otte TL. A detailed evaluation of the Eta-CMAQ forecast model performance for O3, its related precursors, and meteorological parameters during the 2004 ICARTT study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Russell LM, Mensah AA, Fischer EV, Sive BC, Varner RK, Keene WC, Stutz J, Pszenny AAP. Nanoparticle growth following photochemical α
- and β
-pinene oxidation at Appledore Island during International Consortium for Research on Transport and Transformation/Chemistry of Halogens at the Isles of Shoals 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Russell
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California; San Diego, La Jolla California USA
| | - A. A. Mensah
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California; San Diego, La Jolla California USA
| | - E. V. Fischer
- Mount Washington Observatory; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - B. C. Sive
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. K. Varner
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - W. C. Keene
- Department of Environmental Science; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - J. Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - A. A. P. Pszenny
- Mount Washington Observatory; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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14
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Ziemba LD, Fischer E, Griffin RJ, Talbot RW. Aerosol acidity in rural New England: Temporal trends and source region analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. D. Ziemba
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Climate Change Research Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - E. Fischer
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Climate Change Research Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
- Mount Washington Observatory; North Conway New Hampshire USA
| | - R. J. Griffin
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Climate Change Research Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. W. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Climate Change Research Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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15
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Griffin RJ, Chen J, Carmody K, Vutukuru S, Dabdub D. Contribution of gas phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds to atmospheric carbon monoxide levels in two areas of the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Griffin
- Climate Change Research Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Climate Change Research Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Kevin Carmody
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - Satish Vutukuru
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - Donald Dabdub
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; University of California; Irvine California USA
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Griffin RJ, Beckman PJ, Talbot RW, Sive BC, Varner RK. Deviations from ozone photostationary state during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign: Use of measurements and photochemical modeling to assess potential causes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Griffin
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Pieter J. Beckman
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Robert W. Talbot
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Barkley C. Sive
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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17
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White AB, Darby LS, Senff CJ, King CW, Banta RM, Koermer J, Wilczak JM, Neiman PJ, Angevine WM, Talbot R. Comparing the impact of meteorological variability on surface ozone during the NEAQS (2002) and ICARTT (2004) field campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. White
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. S. Darby
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. J. Senff
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. W. King
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. M. Banta
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Koermer
- Chemical, Earth, Atmospheric and Physical Sciences Department; Plymouth State University; Plymouth New Hampshire USA
| | - J. M. Wilczak
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. J. Neiman
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. M. Angevine
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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18
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Ziemba LD, Griffin RJ, Talbot RW. Observations of elevated particle number concentration events at a rural site in New England. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. D. Ziemba
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Climate Change Research Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. J. Griffin
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Climate Change Research Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. W. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Climate Change Research Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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19
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Yu S, Mathur R, Kang D, Schere K, Eder B, Pleim J. Performance and diagnostic evaluation of ozone predictions by the Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality Forecast System during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2006; 56:1459-71. [PMID: 17063868 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A real-time air quality forecasting system (Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality [CMAQ] model suite) has been developed by linking the National Centers for Environmental Estimation Eta model to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) CMAQ model. This work presents results from the application of the Eta-CMAQ modeling system for forecasting ozone (O3) over the Northeastern United States during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS). Spatial and temporal performance of the Eta-CMAQ model for O3 was evaluated by comparison with observations from the EPA Air Quality System (AQS) network. This study also examines the ability of the model to simulate the processes governing the distributions of tropospheric O3 on the basis of the intensive datasets obtained at the four Atmospheric Investigation, Regional Modeling, Analysis, and Estimation (AIRMAP) and Harvard Forest (HF) surface sites. The episode analysis reveals that the model captured the buildup of O3 concentrations over the northeastern domain from August 11 and reproduced the spatial distributions of observed O3 very well for the daytime (8:00 p.m.) of both August 8 and 12 with most of normalized mean bias (NMB) within +/- 20%. The model reproduced 53.3% of the observed hourly O3 within a factor of 1.5 with NMB of 29.7% and normalized mean error of 46.9% at the 342 AQS sites. The comparison of modeled and observed lidar O3 vertical profiles shows that whereas the model reproduced the observed vertical structure, it tended to overestimate at higher altitude. The model reproduced 64-77% of observed NO2 photolysis rate values within a factor of 1.5 at the AIRMAP sites. At the HF site, comparison of modeled and observed O3/nitrogen oxide (NOx) ratios suggests that the site is mainly under strongly NOx-sensitive conditions (>53%). It was found that the modeled lower limits of the O3 production efficiency values (inferred from O3-CO correlation) are close to the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocai Yu
- Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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20
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Wilson AM, Wake CP, Kelly T, Salloway JC. Air pollution, weather, and respiratory emergency room visits in two northern New England cities: an ecological time-series study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2005; 97:312-21. [PMID: 15589240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Revised: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Daily emergency room (ER) visits for all respiratory (ICD-9 460-519) and asthma (ICD-9 493) were compared with daily sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and weather variables over the period 1998-2000 in Portland, Maine (population 248,000), and 1996-2000 in Manchester, New Hampshire (population 176,000). Seasonal variability was removed from all variables using nonparametric smoothed function (LOESS) of day of study. Generalized additive models were used to estimate the effect of elevated levels of pollutants on ER visits. Relative risks of pollutants are reported over their interquartile range (IQR, the 75th -25th percentile pollutant values). In Portland, an IQR increase in SO2 was associated with a 5% (95% CI 2-7%) increase in all respiratory ER visits and a 6% (95% CI 1-12%) increase in asthma visits. An IQR increase in O3 was associated with a 5% (95% CI 1-10%) increase in Portland asthmatic ER visits. No significant associations were found in Manchester, New Hampshire, possibly due to statistical limitations of analyzing a smaller population. The absence of statistical evidence for a relationship should not be used as evidence of no relationship. This analysis reveals that, on a daily basis, elevated SO2 and O3 have a significant impact on public health in Portland, Maine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Wilson
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824,USA
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21
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Talbot R. Diurnal characteristics of surface level O3and other important trace gases in New England. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Griffin RJ. Quantification of ozone formation metrics at Thompson Farm during the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fischer EV. Summertime ozone at Mount Washington: Meteorological controls at the highest peak in the northeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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