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Xing C, Liu C, Li Q, Wang S, Tan W, Zou T, Wang Z, Lu C. Observations of HONO and its precursors between urban and its surrounding agricultural fields: The vertical transports, sources and contribution to OH. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169159. [PMID: 38232854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The insufficient study on vertical observations of main atmospheric reactive nitrogen oxides (NO2 and HONO) posed a great challenge to evaluate their intertransport between urban and agricultural areas, and to further learn the atmospheric nitrogen chemistry and the atmospheric oxidation capacity at high altitudes. A stereoscopic measurement campaign (satellite remote sensing, hyperspectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and MAX-DOAS observation) was performed in a typical inland city Hefei and its surrounding agricultural fields from June to October 2022. Average aerosol vertical profiles exhibited a Gaussian shape above 100 m with maximum values of 0.67 km-1 and 0.55 km-1 at 300-400 m layer at Anhui University (AHU) and Changfeng (CF), respectively. The distinct layered structure was mainly attributed to regional transport. Average H2O and NO2 vertical profiles all showed a Gaussian shape and an exponential shape at AHU and CF, respectively. Moreover, the diurnal evolution of H2O profiles performed one peak and bi-peak patterns at AHU and CF, respectively, whereas the diurnal evolution of NO2 at two stations all exhibited bi-peak patterns attributed to vehicle emissions. Average HONO vertical profiles showed an exponential shape and a Gaussian shape at AHU and CF, respectively. Higher HONO (> 0.05 ppb) above 1.0 km at 14:00-16:00 was observed at CF. The transport flux analysis showed that the northern transport flux always larger than southern transport flux for aerosol and H2O. The maximum northern transport fluxes appeared at 300 m and surface for aerosol and H2O, respectively. It indicated that surrounding agricultural fields was an important source of atmospheric H2O of city. The southern transport flux was larger than northern transport flux for NO2, with a maximum net transport flux of 9.20 ppb m s-1 at 100 m. It demonstrated that NO2 transported from urban areas was an important source of NO2 in agricultural fields. For HONO, the southern transport flux was larger than northern transport flux under 100 m, whereas it was opposite above 100 m. It indicated that the HONO distributed at high altitudes at agricultural fields had potential to enhance the atmospheric oxidation capacity of urban area. The net horizontal transport fluxes of HONO of our defined cropland were 5.25 μg m-2 s-1 and -3.65 μg m-2 s-1 during non-fertilization and fertilization periods, respectively. It indicated that the cropland could obviously export HONO to surrounding atmosphere during the fertilization period. Deducing the contribution of direct emission, heterogeneous process was a major source of HONO at urban and agricultural areas. The average surface conversion rate of NO2-to-HONO (CHONO) was 0.01467 h-1, and this value decreased with the increase of height at urban station. While average surface CHONO was 0.0322 h-1 at agricultural fields, which was ~1.2-2.8 times higher than that at urban area. The CHONO at agricultural fields significantly increased with the increase of height. The average CHONO at 1.0 km was ~2.0-3.6 times higher than that at surface. That suggested that the heterogeneous process was the main HONO source at high altitudes at CF, and this process obviously correlated with aerosol and H2O. The higher OH production from HONO (P(OH)HONO) occurred at 0-200 m and 100-400 m with averaged values of 0.31 ppb h-1 and 0.39 ppb h-1 at AHU and CF, respectively. The high P(OH)HONO above 1.0 km at CF from September to October was strongly correlated with high O3 (> 80 ppb). This study emphasized the importance of the stereoscopic of HONO on the analysis of its distribution, evolution, source and atmospheric oxidizing contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qihua Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No.3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tiliang Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Shouxian National Climatology Observatory, Shouxian 232200, China; Huaihe River Basin Typical Farmland Ecological Meteorological Field Science Experiment Base of CMA, Shouxian 232200, China.
| | - Chuan Lu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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He S, Wang S, Zhang S, Zhu J, Sun Z, Xue R, Zhou B. Vertical distributions of atmospheric HONO and the corresponding OH radical production by photolysis at the suburb area of Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159703. [PMID: 36306851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is considered as one of the main sources of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most relevant oxidant in the atmosphere. Multi-AXis-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were conducted to obtain the vertical profiles of aerosol and HONO from November 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021 at a suburb site of Shanghai, China. HONO was mainly distributed near the surface, but high values HONO occasionally occurred around 0.7 km, indicating an unaccounted source of daytime HONO at high altitudes. The positive correlation between HONO and aerosols suggested that the photo-enhanced heterogeneous reactions on the aerosol surface were an important source of daytime HONO at high altitudes. To obtain the vertical distribution of OH production by HONO photolysis (P(OH)HONO), the vertical profiles of photolysis rate of HONO (JHONO) were calculated by establishing a method of combining observations with empirical relationship based on heterogeneous atmospheric and radiative transfer models. The JHONO increased approximately linearly with increasing altitudes and the noontime averages value of JHONO near the ground were 6.68 × 10-4 s-1, which was strongly negatively affected by aerosols in the morning and afternoon. The P(OH)HONO profile varied in different months (November, December, January) that the changes were mainly affected by HONO and JHONO. P(OH)HONO was more positively affected by JHONO at high altitude and noon but greatly influenced by HONO concentrations in the morning and afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China.
| | - Sanbao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhibin Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruibin Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Tian X, Ren B, Xie P, Xu J, Li A, Hu F, Zheng J, Ren H, Hu Z, Pan Y, Huang X, Zhang Z, Lv Y, Tian W, Wang Z. The vertical distribution and potential sources of aerosols in the Yangtze River Delta region of China during open straw burning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157749. [PMID: 35926628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore the impact of open straw burning on air quality in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and surrounding areas, three key cities in the YRD, namely Hefei, Nanjing, and Shanghai, were selected to observe changes in aerosol characteristics. Based on Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations from May to June 2021, the spatial-temporal distribution and potential sources of aerosol were studied. During the observation period, aerosol optical depth (AOD) in Shanghai was 55.15 % and 29.50 % higher than that in Hefei and Nanjing, respectively. For Shanghai, aerosols accumulated at night, and the aerosol extinction could reach 1.3 km-1 in the morning. The aerosol variations in Hefei and Nanjing were consistent due to the relative conformity of the surrounding environmental conditions (R = 0.84). The vertical distribution of aerosol in all three cities had the same Gaussian shape. The aerosol lifted layers in Nanjing and Shanghai were higher than that in Hefei, with heights of 0.2-0.8 km and 0.2-0.6 km, respectively. The averaged aerosol extinctions for these two cities were 0.34 km-1 and 0.49 km-1, respectively. Pollution source analysis was conducted based on wind field trajectory, satellite observation, and model simulation, taking Hefei as the recipient. The results showed that western Shandong Province, northern Anhui Province, northern Jiangxi Province, central Jiangsu Province, and the central YRD were the most important aerosols sources for Hefei. The contributions of central and southern Jiangsu Province were significantly higher than those of other potential sources, with a WCWTAOD (Meteoinfo concentration weight trajectory) between 1.2 and 3.0. The influence of fine particles produced by open biomass burning inside the YRD was significantly higher than that outside the region (outside contribution: 36.6 %). Regarding the influence between YRD cities, more aerosols were transported from Shanghai to Hefei and Nanjing, with similar transport contributions between Nanjing and Hefei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Feng Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhaokun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yifeng Pan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yinsheng Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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Hu Q, Liu C, Li Q, Liu T, Ji X, Zhu Y, Xing C, Liu H, Tan W, Gao M. Vertical profiles of the transport fluxes of aerosol and its precursors between Beijing and its southwest cities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:119988. [PMID: 36028076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of regional transport on aerosol pollution has been explored in previous studies based on numerical simulation or surface observation. Nevertheless, owing to inhomogeneous vertical distribution of air pollutants, vertical observations should be conducted for a comprehensive understanding of regional transport. Here we obtained the vertical profiles of aerosol and its precursors using ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) at the Nancheng site in suburban Beijing on the southwest transport pathway of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, China, and then estimated the vertical profiles of transport fluxes in the southwest-northeast direction. The maximum net transport fluxes per unit cross-sectional area, calculated as pollutant concentration multiply by wind speed, of aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC), NO2, SO2 and HCHO were 0.98 km-1 m s-1, 24, 14 and 8.0 μg m-2 s-1 from southwest to northeast, which occurred in the 200-300 m, 100-200 m, 500-600 m and 500-600 m layers, respectively, due to much higher pollutant concentrations during southwest transport than during northeast transport in these layers. The average net column transport fluxes were 1200 km-1 m2 s-1, 38, 26 and 15 mg m-1 s-1 from southwest to northeast for AEC, NO2, SO2 and HCHO, respectively, in which the fluxes in the surface layer (0-100 m) accounted for only 2.3%-4.2%. Evaluation only based on surface observation would underestimate the influence of the transport from southwest cities to Beijing. Northeast or weak southwest transports dominated in clean conditions with PM2.5 <75 μg m-3 and intense southwest transport dominated in polluted conditions with PM2.5 >75 μg m-3. Southwest transport through the middle boundary layer was a trigger factor for aerosol pollution events in urban Beijing, because it not only directly bringing air pollutants, but also induced an inverse structure of aerosols, which resulted in stronger atmospheric stability and aggravated air pollution in urban Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Qihua Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiangguang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yizhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Chengzhi Xing
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Geography, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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Zhang R, Wang S, Zhang S, Xue R, Zhu J, Zhou B. MAX-DOAS observation in the midlatitude marine boundary layer: Influences of typhoon forced air mass. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 120:63-73. [PMID: 35623773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a passive remote sensing technique, MAX-DOAS method was widely used to investigate the vertical profiles of aerosol and trace gases in the lower troposphere. However, the measurements for midlatitude marine boundary layer are rarely reported, especially during the storm weather system. In this study, the MAX-DOAS was used to retrieve the aerosol, HCHO and NO2 vertical distribution at Huaniao Island of East China Sea in summer 2018, during which a strong tropical cyclone developed and passed through the measurement site. The observed aerosol optical depth (AOD), HCHO- and NO2-VCDs (Vertical Column Density) were in the range of 0.19-0.97, (2.57-12.27) × 1015 molec/cm2, (1.24-4.71) × 1015 molec/cm2, which is much higher than remote ocean area due to the short distance to continent. The vertically resolved aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC), HCHO and NO2 presented the decline trend with the increase of height. After the typhoon passing through, the distribution of high levels of aerosol and HCHO stretched to about 1 km and the abundances of the bottom layer were found as double higher than before, reaching 0.51 km-1 and 2.44 ppbv, while NO2 was still constrained within about 300 m with 2.59 ppbv in the bottom layer. The impacts of typhoon process forced air mass were also observed at the suburban site in Shanghai in view of both the aerosol extinction and chemical components. The different changes on air quality associated with typhoon and its mechanism in two different environments: coastal island and coastal city are worthy of further investigation as it frequent occurred in East Asia during summer and fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China.
| | - Sanbao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruibin Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China; Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai 519000, China; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Xing C, Liu C, Hong Q, Liu H, Wu H, Lin J, Song Y, Chen Y, Liu T, Hu Q, Tan W, Lin H. Vertical distributions and potential sources of wintertime atmospheric pollutants and the corresponding ozone production on the coast of Bohai Sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115721. [PMID: 35863306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the wintertime vertical distributions and source areas of aerosols, NO2, and HCHO in a coastal city of Dongying from December 2020 to March 2021, using ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and a potential source contribution function (PSCF) model, respectively. Moreover, the chemical production sensitivity of O3 at different height layers was analyzed using HCHO/NO2 ratios. The results revealed that the wintertime averaged highest concentrations of aerosol (1.25 km-1), NO2 (14.81 ppb), and HCHO (2.32 ppb) were mainly distributed at the surface layer, 100-200 m layer, and 200-300 m layer, respectively. Regarding the diurnal cycles, high concentrations of aerosol (>1.4 km-1) and NO2 (>16.0 ppb) usually appeared in the early morning and late afternoon, while high concentrations of HCHO (>2.5 ppb) usually occurred during 12:00-15:00. The PSCF model revealed that the wintertime aerosol mainly originated from Shandong, northern Jiangsu, Korea, and the northwestern Mongolian Plateau. Below 200 m, NO2 was mainly from western Shandong, whereas above 600 m, it was mainly from northern Shandong and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. The corresponding sources for HCHO were central and southern Shandong (below 200 m) and northern Shandong, northern Jiangsu, and southeastern BTH (above 600 m). In addition, the chemical production sensitivity of O3 below 100 m was observed only in the VOC-limited regime. The percentages of O3 production under the NOx-limited, NOx-VOC-limited, and VOC-limited regimes were 10.75% (31.18%), 4.30% (19.35%), and 84.95% (49.47%) at the 500-600 m (900-1000 m) layer. This study has guiding significance for the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3, and can assist in the implementation of regional joint prevention and control strategies for air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Qianqian Hong
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Hanyang Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinan Lin
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuhang Song
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hua Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Zhang S, Wang S, Xue R, Zhu J, Tanvir A, Li D, Zhou B. Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Lockdown on Vertical Distributions of NO 2 and HCHO From MAX-DOAS Observations and Machine Learning Models. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2021JD036377. [PMID: 36245640 PMCID: PMC9538289 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd036377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic led to major reductions on air pollutant emissions in modern history. To date, there has been no comprehensive assessment for the impact of lockdowns on the vertical distributions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO). Based on profiles from 0 to 2 km retrieved by Multi-AXis-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy observation and a large volume of real-time data at a suburb site in Shanghai, China, four types of machine learning models were developed and compared, including multiple linear regression, support vector machine, bagged trees (BT), and artificial neural network. Ultimately BT model was employed to reproduce NO2 and HCHO profiles with the best performance. Predictions with different meteorological and surface pollution scenarios were conducted from 2017 to 2019, for assessing the corresponding impacts on the changes of NO2 and HCHO profiles during COVID-19 lockdown. The simulations illustrate that the NO2 decreased in 2020 by 43.8%, 45.5%, and 44.6%, relative to 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. For HCHO, the lockdown-induced situation presented the declines of 28.6%, 32.1%, and 10.9%, respectively. In the comparisons of vertical distributions, NO2 maintained decreasing at all altitudes, while HCHO decreased at low altitudes and increased at high altitudes. During COVID-19 lockdown, the reduction of NO2 and HCHO from the variation of surface pollutants was dominated below 0.5 km, while the relevant meteorological factors played a more significant role above 0.5 km.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanbao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP)Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP)Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC)ShanghaiChina
| | - Ruibin Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP)Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP)Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Aimon Tanvir
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP)Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Danran Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP)Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP)Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC)ShanghaiChina
- Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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8
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Hong Q, Zhu L, Xing C, Hu Q, Lin H, Zhang C, Zhao C, Liu T, Su W, Liu C. Inferring vertical variability and diurnal evolution of O 3 formation sensitivity based on the vertical distribution of summertime HCHO and NO 2 in Guangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154045. [PMID: 35217050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The vertical distributions of formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and their indicative roles in ozone (O3) sensitivity are important for designing O3 mitigation strategies. Using hyperspectral remote sensing observations, tropospheric vertical profiles of HCHO, NO2, and aerosol extinction were investigated in Guangzhou, China from July to September 2019. On both O3 non-exceedance and polluted days, the HCHO and aerosol vertical profiles exhibited similar Gaussian shapes, but the NO2 profile exhibited an exponential decreasing shape. HCHO and aerosol were especially sensitive to O3 pollution, with higher values generally occurring at approximately noon and late afternoon at higher altitudes. We attempted to study the diurnal evolution of O3 sensitivity at different altitudes based on the HCHO to NO2 ratio (FNR) vertical profile. The FNR thresholds marking the transition regime (2.5 < FNR < 4.0) were derived from the relationship between the increase in O3 (∆O3) and FNR. Our results showed that O3 sensitivity tends to be VOC-limited both at lower (below approximately 0.4 km) and higher (above approximately 1.8 km) altitudes throughout the daytime. In the middle altitudes, the photochemical formation of O3 was mainly in the transition/NOx-limited regime in the morning and afternoon but in the VOC-limited regime at noontime. The relationship between TROPOMI column FNR and near-surface O3 sensitivity was further investigated. Compared with the MAX-DOAS near-surface FNR, slightly higher values of column FNR would increase the number of days classified as transition regimes, which was mainly caused by the inhomogeneous vertical distribution of HCHO and NO2 in the lower troposphere. This study provides an improved understanding of vertical variability and diurnal evolution of O3 formation sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Hong
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linbin Zhu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hua Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenjing Su
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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9
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Observations by Ground-Based MAX-DOAS of the Vertical Characters of Winter Pollution and the Influencing Factors of HONO Generation in Shanghai, China. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13173518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing vertical distribution characters of air pollutants is conducive to study the mechanisms under polluted atmospheric conditions. Nitrous acid (HONO) is a kind of crucial species in photochemical cycles. Exploring the influence and sources of HONO in air pollution at different altitudes offers some insights into the research of tropospheric oxidation chemistry processes. Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were conducted in Shanghai, China, from December 2017 to March 2018 to investigate vertical distributions and diurnal variations of trace gases (NO2, HONO, HCHO, SO2, and water vapor) and aerosol extinction coefficient in the boundary layer. Aerosol and NO2 showed decreasing profile exponentially, SO2 and HCHO concentrations were observed relatively high values in the middle layer. SO2 was caused by industrial emissions, while HCHO was from secondary sources. As for HONO, below 0.82 km, the heterogeneous reactions of NO2 impacted on forming HONO, while in the upper layers, vertical diffusion might be the dominant source. The contribution of OH production from HONO photolysis at different altitudes was mainly controlled by the concentration of HONO. MAX-DOAS measurements characterize the vertical structure of air pollutants in Shanghai and provide further understanding for HONO formation, which can help deploy advanced measurement platforms of regional air pollution over eastern China.
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10
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Li X, Xie P, Li A, Xu J, Ren H, Ren B, Li Y, Li J. Study of aerosol characteristics and sources using MAX-DOAS measurement during haze at an urban site in the Fenwei Plain. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 107:1-13. [PMID: 34412773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols have effects on atmospheric radiation assessments, global climate change, local air quality and visibility. In particular, aerosols are more likely transformed and accumulated in winter. In this paper, we used the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument to study the characteristics of aerosol type and contributions of PM2.5 chemical components to aerosol extinction (AE), vertical distribution of aerosols, and source. From December 30, 2018 to January 27, 2019, we conducted MAX-DOAS observations on Sanmenxia. The proportion of PM2.5 to PM10 was 69.48%-95.39%, indicating that the aerosol particles were mainly fine particles. By analyzing the ion data and modifying Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) method, we found that nitrate was the largest contributor to AE, accounting for 31.51%, 28.98%, and 27.95% of AE on heavily polluted, polluted, and clean days, respectively. NH4+, OC, and SO42- were also major contributors to AE. The near-surface aerosol extinction retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurement the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations measured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) have the same trend in vertical distribution. AE increased about 3 times from surface to 500 m. With the backward trajectory of the air mass during the haze, we also found that the continuous heavy pollution was mainly caused by transport of polluted air from the northeast, then followed by local industrial emissions and other sources of emissions under continuous and steady weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ang Li
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Key laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China
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11
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Xing C, Liu C, Hu Q, Fu Q, Wang S, Lin H, Zhu Y, Wang S, Wang W, Javed Z, Ji X, Liu J. Vertical distributions of wintertime atmospheric nitrogenous compounds and the corresponding OH radicals production in Leshan, southwest China. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:44-55. [PMID: 34130838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations were operated from 02 to 21 December 2018 in Leshan, southwest China, to measure HONO, NO2 and aerosol extinction vertical distributions, and these were the first MAX-DOAS measurement results in Sichuan Basin. During the measurement period, characteristic ranges for surface concentration were found to be 0.26-4.58 km-1 and averaged at 0.93 km-1 for aerosol extinction, 0.49 to 35.2 ppb and averaged at 4.57 ppb for NO2 and 0.03 to 7.38 ppb and averaged at 1.05 ppb for HONO. Moreover, vertical profiles of aerosol, NO2 and HONO were retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements using the Heidelberg Profile (HEIPRO) algorithm. By analysing the vertical gradients of pollutants and meteorological information, we found that aerosol and HONO are strongly localised, while NO2 is mainly transmitted from the north direction (city center direction). Nitrogen oxides such as HONO and NO2 are important for the production of hydroxyl radical (OH) and oxidative capacity in the troposphere. In this study, the averaged value of OH production rate from HONO is about 0.63 ppb/hr and maximum value of ratio between OH production from HONO and from (HONO+O3) is > 93% before12:00 in Leshan. In addition, combustion emission contributes to 26% for the source of HONO in Leshan, and we found that more NO2 being converted to HONO under the conditions with high aerosol extinction coefficient and high relative humidity is also a dominant factor for the secondary produce of HONO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, USTC, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No.3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hua Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yizhi Zhu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shuntian Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiangguang Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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12
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Hong Q, Liu C, Hu Q, Xing C, Tan W, Liu T, Liu J. Vertical distributions of tropospheric SO 2 based on MAX-DOAS observations: Investigating the impacts of regional transport at different heights in the boundary layer. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 103:119-134. [PMID: 33743894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Information on the vertical distribution of air pollutants is essential for understanding their spatiotemporal evolution underlying urban atmospheric environment. This paper presents the SO2 profiles based on ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements from March 2018 to February 2019 in Hefei, East China. SO2 decrease rapidly with increasing heights in the warm season, while lifted layers were observed in the cold season, indicating accumulation or long-range transport of SO2 in different seasons might occur at different heights. The diurnal variations of SO2 were roughly consistent for all four seasons, exhibiting the minimum at noon and higher values in the morning and late afternoon. Lifted layers of SO2 were observed in the morning for fall and winter, implying the accumulation or transport of SO2 in the morning mainly occurred at the top of the boundary layer. The bivariate polar plots showed that weighted SO2 concentrations in the lower altitude were weakly dependent on wind, but in the middle and upper altitudes, higher weighted SO2 concentrations were observed under conditions of middle-high wind speed. Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis suggested that potential sources of SO2 in spring and summer were local and transported mainly occurred in the lower altitude from southern and eastern areas; while in fall and winter, SO2 concentrations were deeply affected by long-range transport from northwestern and northern polluted regions in the middle and upper altitudes. Our findings provide new insight into the impacts of regional transport at different heights in the boundary layer on SO2 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Hong
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Chengzhi Xing
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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13
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Ryan RG, Rhodes S, Tully M, Schofield R. Surface ozone exceedances in Melbourne, Australia are shown to be under NO x control, as demonstrated using formaldehyde:NO 2 and glyoxal:formaldehyde ratios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141460. [PMID: 32814203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two and a half years of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) are presented alongside in-situ ozone (O3) measurements in Melbourne, Australia. Seasonal and diurnal cycles, vertical profiles and relationships with key meteorological variables are provided. NO2 and CHOCHO were found at highest concentration for low wind speeds implying that their sources were predominantly localised and anthropogenic. HCHO showed an exponential relationship with temperature and a strong wind direction dependence from the northern and eastern sectors, and therefore most likely originated from oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from surrounding forested and rural areas. The glyoxal:formaldehyde ratio (Rgf), reported for the first time in Australia, was consistently high compared to values elsewhere in the world with a mean of 0.105 ± 0.0503 and tended to increase with increasing anthropogenic influence. The HCHO:NO2 ratio (Rfn) was used to characterise tropospheric ozone formation conditions. A strong relationship was found between high temperature, low Rgf, high Rfn and high ozone surface concentrations. Therefore, we propose that both Rgf and Rfn may be useful indicators of tropospheric ozone production regimes and concentrations. The Rfn showed that the vast majority of high ozone production episodes occurred under NOx-limited conditions, suggesting that surface ozone pollution events in Melbourne could be curtailed using NOx emission controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Ryan
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, The University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052,Australia.
| | - Steve Rhodes
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 700 Collins St, Docklands, Melbourne 3208, Australia
| | - Matt Tully
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 700 Collins St, Docklands, Melbourne 3208, Australia
| | - Robyn Schofield
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, The University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052,Australia
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14
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Validation of Water Vapor Vertical Distributions Retrieved from MAX-DOAS over Beijing, China. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12193193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water vapor vertical profiles are important in numerical weather prediction, moisture transport, and vertical flux calculation. This study presents the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) retrieval algorithm for water vapor vertical profiles and the retrieved results are validated with corresponding independent datasets under clear sky. The retrieved Vertical Column Densities (VCDs) and surface concentrations are validated with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and National Climatic Data Centre (NCDC) datasets, achieving good correlation coefficients (R) of 0.922 and 0.876, respectively. The retrieved vertical profiles agree well with weekly balloon-borne radiosonde measurements. Furthermore, the retrieved water vapor concentrations at different altitudes (100–2000 m) are validated with the corresponding European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-interim datasets, achieving a correlation coefficient (R) varying from 0.695 to 0.857. The total error budgets for the surface concentrations and VCDs are 31% and 38%, respectively. Finally, the retrieval performance of the MAX-DOAS algorithm under different aerosol loads is evaluated. High aerosol loads obstruct the retrieval of surface concentrations and VCDs, with surface concentrations more liable to severe interference from such aerosol loads. To summarize, the feasibility of detecting water vapor profiles using MAX-DOAS under clear sky is confirmed in this work.
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15
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Measuring the Vertical Profiles of Aerosol Extinction in the Lower Troposphere by MAX-DOAS at a Rural Site in the North China Plain. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were performed during the summer (13 June–20 August) of 2014 at a rural site in North China Plain. The vertical profiles of aerosol extinction (AE) in the lower troposphere were retrieved to analyze the temporal variations of AE profiles, near-surface AE, and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The average AOD and near-surface AE over the period of study were 0.51 ± 0.26 and 0.33 ± 0.18 km−1 during the effective observation period, respectively. High AE events and elevated AE layers were identified based on the time series of hourly AE profiles, near-surface AEs and AODs. It is found that in addition to the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and relative humidity (RH), the variations in the wind field have large impacts on the near-surface AE, AOD, and AE profile. Among 16 wind sectors, higher AOD or AE occur mostly in the directions of the cities upstream. The diurnal variations of the AE profiles, AODs and near-surface AEs are significant and influenced mainly by the source emissions, PBLH, and RH. The AE profile shape from MAX-DOAS measurement is generally in agreement with that from light detection and ranging (lidar) observations, although the AE absolute levels are different. Overall, ground-based MAX-DOAS can serve as a supplement to measure the AE vertical profiles in the lower troposphere.
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16
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Xing C, Liu C, Hu Q, Fu Q, Lin H, Wang S, Su W, Wang W, Javed Z, Liu J. Identifying the wintertime sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from MAX-DOAS measured formaldehyde and glyoxal in Chongqing, southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136258. [PMID: 32007868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations were performed from 27 December 2018 to 16 January 2019 in Changshou, one of subdistricts of Chongqing, China. Primary atmospheric pollutant in Changshou during wintertime was PM2.5, whose contribution averaged about 70.15% ± 9.5% of PM10. The ratio of PM2.5/PM10 decreased when PM2.5 pollution became worse, and it should attribute to biomass burning and the contribution of hygroscopic growth and enhanced heterogeneous chemistry under high relative humidity condition. Moreover, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) vertical profiles during the campaign period were retrieved separately. TROPOMI HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) and MAX-DOAS HCHO VCDs were correlated well (R = 0.93). In order to identify the sources of volatile organic compound (VOC) in Changshou, the ratio of CHOCHO to HCHO (RGF) in five different layers were estimated. The estimated daily averaged RGF were 0.0205 ± 0.0077, 0.0727 ± 0.0286, 0.0864 ± 0.0296, 0.0770 ± 0.0275 and 0.0746 ± 0.0263 in 0-100 m, 100-200 m, 300-400 m, 500-600 m and 700-800 m layers, respectively. The estimated RGF will increase when biomass burnings were dominated. Using NO2 as a tracer of anthropogenic emissions, we found the RGF values gradually decrease with the increase of NO2 levels. RGF values in 0-100 m layer and all the other upper layers are 0.015-0.025 and 0.06-0.14, and that means the dominant sources of VOCs in 0-100 m layer and all the other upper layers are biogenic emission and anthropogenic emission (especially biomass burning), respectively. In addition, we found that RGF has site dependence which is in compliance with several previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, USTC, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Hua Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuntian Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wenjing Su
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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17
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Wu X, Tan Y, Yi Y, Zhang Y, Yi F. Two-dimensional spatial heterodyne spectrometer for atmospheric nitrogen dioxide observations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20942-20957. [PMID: 31510181 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A broadband monolithic spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) system is built for measuring nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere based on our newly developed fabrication technique. This system is calibrated and tested with Hg, Kr and Xe lamps, as well as monochromator output illuminated by a high-voltage Xe lamp (as a white light source). The obtained overall efficiency profile presents an effective spectral range of 425-495 nm (when the efficiency values are greater than 40%). The maximum fringe visibility is ~0.85. The measured instrumental line shape function gives an actual spectral resolution of ~0.073 nm. The effect of phase distortion of this 2-D SHS system can be neglected. Direct solar-irradiance spectra in the NO2 absorption band were measured with the SHS system. The measured spectra are consistent with the results simulated by Modtran6 within the SHS spectral range. The vertical column contents of NO2, VC(NO2), derived from the SHS data by the direct sun - differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DS-DOAS) method coincide closely with the simultaneously acquired (OMI) satellite data.
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Chan KL, Wiegner M, Wenig M, Pöhler D. Observations of tropospheric aerosols and NO 2 in Hong Kong over 5years using ground based MAX-DOAS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1545-1556. [PMID: 29066192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present long term observations of atmospheric aerosols and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Hong Kong using a Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument. Ground based MAX-DOAS measurements were performed over 5years from December 2010 to November 2015. Vertical distribution profiles of aerosols and NO2 were derived from MAX-DOAS O4 and NO2 observations by applying the optimal estimation method. Retrieved MAX-DOAS measurements of aerosols and NO2 show good agreement with sun photometer observation of aerosol optical depths (AODs) and long path DOAS measurement of ground level NO2 mixing ratios. Tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) of NO2 derived from MAX-DOAS measurements are used to validate OMI satellite NO2 observations. Daily data show reasonably good agreement with each other with Pearson correlation coefficient R=0.7. However, MAX-DOAS NO2 VCDs are on average higher than OMI observations by a factor of 2. Introducing aerosols in the air mass factor calculation would enhance the OMI VCDs by 7-13%, the remaining discrepancy is mainly due to the differences in spatial coverage between the two instruments. Diurnal variation patterns of aerosols and NO2 indicated significant contributions from local anthropogenic emissions. Analysis of air mass transport shows that the enhancement of surface aerosols and NO2 concentrations mainly results from accumulation of local emissions under low wind speed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chan
- Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - M Wiegner
- Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Wenig
- Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - D Pöhler
- Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Imaging of Volcanic Gases and Quantitative Determination of Multi-Species Emission Fluxes. GEOSCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences8020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Liu H, Liu C, Xie Z, Li Y, Huang X, Wang S, Xu J, Xie P. A paradox for air pollution controlling in China revealed by "APEC Blue" and "Parade Blue". Sci Rep 2016; 6:34408. [PMID: 27680499 PMCID: PMC5041090 DOI: 10.1038/srep34408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of strict emission control measures were implemented in Beijing and surrounding regions to ensure good air quality during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit and 2015 Grand Military Parade (Parade), which led to blue sky days during these two events commonly referred to as "APEC Blue" and "Parade Blue". Here we calculated Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 and HCHO results based on well known DOAS trace gas fitting algorithm and WRF-Chem model (with measured climatology parameter and newest emission inventor) simulated trace gases profiles. We found the NO2 columns abruptly decreased both Parade (43%) and APEC (21%) compared with the periods before these two events. The back-trajectory cluster analysis and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) proved regional transport from southern peripheral cities plays a key role in pollutants observed at Beijing. The diminishing transport contribution from southern air mass during Parade manifests the real effect of emission control measures on NO2 pollution. Based on the ratios of HCHO over NO2 we found there were not only limited the NO2 pollutant but also suppress the O3 contaminant during Parade, while O3 increased during the APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhouqing Xie
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute for Climate and Global Change Research & School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Glyoxal Column Densities Retrieved from MAX-DOAS Observations in Pakistan and during MAD-CAT Field Campaign in Mainz, Germany. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7050068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Park SS, Kim J, Lee H, Torres O, Lee KM, Lee SD. Utilization of O 4 slant column density to derive aerosol layer height from a spaceborne UV-Visible hyperspectral sensor: Sensitivity and case study. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016; 16:1987-2006. [PMID: 32742281 PMCID: PMC7394340 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-1987-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivities of oxygen-dimer (O4) slant column densities (SCDs) to changes in aerosol layer height are investigated using the simulated radiances by a radiative transfer model, the Linearlized pseudo-spherical vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer (VLIDORT), and the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique. The sensitivities of the O4 index (O4I), which is defined as dividing O4 SCD by 1040 molecules2cm-5, to aerosol types and optical properties are also evaluated and compared. Among the O4 absorption bands at 340, 360, 380, and 477 nm, the O4 absorption band at 477 nm is found to be the most suitable to retrieve the aerosol effective height. However, the O4I at 477 nm is significantly influenced not only by the aerosol layer effective height but also by aerosol vertical profiles, optical properties including single scattering albedo (SSA), aerosol optical depth (AOD), particle size, and surface albedo. Overall, the error of the retrieved aerosol effective height is estimated to be 1276, 846, and 739 m for dust, non-absorbing, and absorbing aerosol, respectively, assuming knowledge on the aerosol vertical distribution shape. Using radiance data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), a new algorithm is developed to derive the aerosol effective height over East Asia after the determination of the aerosol type and AOD from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). About 80% of retrieved aerosol effective heights are within the error range of 1 km compared to those obtained from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) measurements on thick aerosol layer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seo Park
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jhoon Kim
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanlim Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Spatial Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Omar Torres
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
| | - Kwang-Mog Lee
- Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Deok Lee
- National Institute of Environment Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Korea
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Investigations of the Diurnal Variation of Vertical HCHO Profiles Based on MAX-DOAS Measurements in Beijing: Comparisons with OMI Vertical Column Data. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kern C, Deutschmann T, Werner C, Sutton AJ, Elias T, Kelly PJ. Improving the accuracy of SO2column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tzanis C, Varotsos C, Christodoulakis J, Tidblad J, Ferm M, Ionescu A, Lefevre RA, Theodorakopoulou K, Kreislova K. On the corrosion and soiling effects on materials by air pollution in Athens, Greece. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2011; 11:12039-12048. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-12039-2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. In the frame of the European project, entitled MULTI-ASSESS, specimens of structural metals, glass, stone and concrete materials were exposed to air pollution at a station, which was installed for this purpose on a building, located in the centre of Athens. The main purpose of this project was to determine the corrosion and soiling effects of air pollution on materials. A set of the specimens was exposed in a position that was sheltered from rain and partly from wind, and another set was exposed in unsheltered positions on the roof of the above said building. In addition, other specimens were exposed at different heights on the same building, in order to investigate for the first time the corrosion and soiling effects on various materials as a function of height. For the determination of these effects, chemical analysis of the specimens was performed and basic parameters as the weight change, the layer thickness and the optical properties were calculated. Finally, the results obtained are discussed and their plausible interpretation is attempted.
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Frieß U, Sihler H, Sander R, Pöhler D, Yilmaz S, Platt U. The vertical distribution of BrO and aerosols in the Arctic: Measurements by active and passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Galle B, Johansson M, Rivera C, Zhang Y, Kihlman M, Kern C, Lehmann T, Platt U, Arellano S, Hidalgo S. Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC)—A global network for volcanic gas monitoring: Network layout and instrument description. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Tzanis C, Varotsos C, Ferm M, Christodoulakis J, Assimakopoulos MN, Efthymiou C. Nitric acid and particulate matter measurements at Athens, Greece, in connection with corrosion studies. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2009; 9:8309-8316. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-9-8309-2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. For a long time, scientists have been concerned about the effects of air pollution on materials and especially on the monuments of the cultural heritage. The EU funded a project, entitled MULTI-ASSESS, to determine these effects and to develop dose-response functions appropriate for the new multi-pollutant environment. The University of Athens participated in this effort as a targeted field exposure test site. In the present paper, the measurements of the passive samplers, which were exposed during the same period with the samples for corrosion studies, at the Athens station, are presented. The results have shown that only 16.5% of the deposited mass was water soluble. The vertical distribution of passive particle collectors has led to the conclusion that the height of maximum deposition of each ion is different. In addition, a variation of the water-soluble mass to total deposited mass between 8% and 31% was observed.
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Takashima H, Irie H, Kanaya Y, Shimizu A, Aoki K, Akimoto H. Atmospheric aerosol variations at Okinawa Island in Japan observed by MAX-DOAS using a new cloud-screening method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Melamed ML, Langford AO, Daniel JS, Portmann RW, Miller HL, Eubank CS, Schofield R, Holloway J, Solomon S. Sulfur dioxide emission flux measurements from point sources using airborne near ultraviolet spectroscopy during the New England Air Quality Study 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Pikelnaya O, Hurlock SC, Trick S, Stutz J. Intercomparison of multiaxis and long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy measurements in the marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pikelnaya
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Stephen C. Hurlock
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Sebastian Trick
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
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