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Observational Analyses of Dry Intrusions and Increased Ozone Concentrations in the Environment of Wildfires. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, atmospheric dynamical processes, which govern the intensification of wildfire activity and the associated increase in low-level ozone concentrations, were studied using images, advanced products and vertical profiles derived from satellite observations. The analyses confirm that the influence of deep stratospheric intrusions, identified in the satellite water vapor imagery, on a fire-risk area contributes to the increase in fire activity. The depth of dry stratospheric intrusions, the associated synoptic evolution and the enhanced low-level ozone concentrations caused by vertical transport of stratospheric air and/or related to biomass burning emissions were analyzed using satellite measurements from SEVIRI, IASI and CrIS instruments, complemented with surface observations near the wildfires’ locations. It is shown that the spatial and vertical resolutions of these soundings provide a way of identifying areas of enhanced ozone downwind of wildfires. Influences of the upper-troposphere dynamics and the wind field evolution as factors of uncertainty and complexity in studying the ozone production from wildfire emissions are considered. The combination of satellite soundings and satellite estimations of fire radiative energy and WV imagery may contribute to better understand the ozone enhancement associated with stratospheric intrusion and wildfire emissions.
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A citizen centred urban network for weather and air quality in Australian schools. Sci Data 2022; 9:129. [PMID: 35354840 PMCID: PMC8967924 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality, standardized urban canopy layer observations are a worldwide necessity for urban climate and air quality research and monitoring. The Schools Weather and Air Quality (SWAQ) network was developed and distributed across the Greater Sydney region with a view to establish a citizen-centred network for investigation of the intra-urban heterogeneity and inter-parameter dependency of all major urban climate and air quality metrics. The network comprises a matrix of eleven automatic weather stations, nested with a web of six automatic air quality stations, stretched across 2779 km2, with average spacing of 10.2 km. Six meteorological parameters and six air pollutants are recorded. The network has a focus on Sydney’s western suburbs of rapid urbanization, but also extends to many eastern coastal sites where there are gaps in existing regulatory networks. Observations and metadata are available from September 2019 and undergo routine quality control, quality assurance and publication. Metadata, original datasets and quality-controlled datasets are open-source and available for extended academic and non-academic use. Measurement(s) | temperature of air • relative humidity • pressure of air • atmospheric wind speed • atmospheric wind direction • rainfall rate • sulphur dioxide • carbon monoxide • nitrogen dioxide • tropospheric ozone • pm10 • pm2.5 | Technology Type(s) | weather station • air quality station | Sample Characteristic - Environment | urban weather and pollution | Sample Characteristic - Location | Sydney, Australia |
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O'Dell K, Hornbrook RS, Permar W, Levin EJT, Garofalo LA, Apel EC, Blake NJ, Jarnot A, Pothier MA, Farmer DK, Hu L, Campos T, Ford B, Pierce JR, Fischer EV. Hazardous Air Pollutants in Fresh and Aged Western US Wildfire Smoke and Implications for Long-Term Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11838-11847. [PMID: 32857515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires have a significant adverse impact on air quality in the United States (US). To understand the potential health impacts of wildfire smoke, many epidemiology studies rely on concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM) as a smoke tracer. However, there are many gas-phase hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that are also present in wildfire smoke plumes. Using observations from the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen (WE-CAN), a 2018 aircraft-based field campaign that measured HAPs and PM in western US wildfire smoke plumes, we identify the relationships between HAPs and associated health risks, PM, and smoke age. We find the ratios between acute, chronic noncancer, and chronic cancer HAPs health risk and PM in smoke decrease as a function of smoke age by up to 72% from fresh (<1 day of aging) to old (>3 days of aging) smoke. We show that acrolein, formaldehyde, benzene, and hydrogen cyanide are the dominant contributors to gas-phase HAPs risk in smoke plumes. Finally, we use ratios of HAPs to PM along with annual average smoke-specific PM to estimate current and potential future smoke HAPs risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn O'Dell
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Rebecca S Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Wade Permar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Ezra J T Levin
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Lauren A Garofalo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eric C Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Nicola J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alex Jarnot
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Matson A Pothier
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Lu Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Teresa Campos
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Bonne Ford
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Pierce
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
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Larsen AE, Reich BJ, Ruminski M, Rappold AG. Impacts of fire smoke plumes on regional air quality, 2006-2013. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:319-327. [PMID: 29288254 PMCID: PMC6556614 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-017-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Increases in the severity and frequency of large fires necessitate improved understanding of the influence of smoke on air quality and public health. The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of smoke from fires across the continental U.S. on regional air quality over an extended period of time. We use 2006-2013 data on ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and PM2.5 constituents from environmental monitoring sites to characterize regional air quality and satellite imagery data to identify plumes. Unhealthy levels of O3 and PM2.5 were, respectively, 3.3 and 2.5 times more likely to occur on plume days than on clear days. With a two-stage approach, we estimated the effect of plumes on pollutants, controlling for season, temperature, and within-site and between-site variability. Plumes were associated with an average increase of 2.6 p.p.b. (2.5, 2.7) in O3 and 2.9 µg/m3 (2.8, 3.0) in PM2.5 nationwide, but the magnitude of effects varied by location. The largest impacts were observed across the southeast. High impacts on O3 were also observed in densely populated urban areas at large distance from the fires throughout the southeast. Fire smoke substantially affects regional air quality and accounts for a disproportionate number of unhealthy days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Larsen
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Brian J Reich
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mark Ruminski
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Camp Springs, MD, USA
| | - Ana G Rappold
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Mills D, Jones R, Wobus C, Ekstrom J, Jantarasami L, St Juliana A, Crimmins A. Projecting Age-Stratified Risk of Exposure to Inland Flooding and Wildfire Smoke in the United States under Two Climate Scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:047007. [PMID: 29669405 PMCID: PMC6071806 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public health community readily recognizes flooding and wildfires as climate-related health hazards, but few studies quantify changes in risk of exposure, particularly for vulnerable children and older adults. OBJECTIVES This study quantifies future populations potentially exposed to inland flooding and wildfire smoke under two climate scenarios, highlighting the populations in particularly vulnerable age groups (≤4 y old and ≥65 y old). METHODS Spatially explicit projections of inland flooding and wildfire under two representative concentration pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5) are integrated with static (2010) and dynamic (2050 and 2090) age-stratified projections of future contiguous U.S. populations at the county level. RESULTS In both 2050 and 2090, an additional one-third of the population will live in areas affected by larger and more frequent inland flooding under RCP8.5 than under RCP4.5. Approximately 15 million children and 25 million older adults could avoid this increased risk of flood exposure each year by 2090 under a moderate mitigation scenario (RCP4.5 compared with RCP8.5). We also find reduced exposure to wildfire smoke under the moderate mitigation scenario. Nearly 1 million young children and 1.7 million older adults would avoid exposure to wildfire smoke each year under RCP4.5 than under RCP8.5 by the end of the century. CONCLUSIONS By integrating climate-driven hazard and population projections, newly created county-level exposure maps identify locations of potential significant future public health risk. These potential exposure results can help inform actions to prevent and prepare for associated future adverse health outcomes, particularly for vulnerable children and older adults. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2594.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julia Ekstrom
- Policy Institute for Energy, Environment and the Economy, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Wentworth GR, Aklilu YA, Landis MS, Hsu YM. Impacts of a large boreal wildfire on ground level atmospheric concentrations of PAHs, VOCs and ozone. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2018; 178:19-30. [PMID: 29681759 PMCID: PMC5906807 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During May 2016 a very large boreal wildfire burned throughout the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) in central Canada, and in close proximity to an extensive air quality monitoring network. This study examines speciated 24-h integrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements collected every sixth day at four and seven sites, respectively, from May to August 2016. The sum of PAHs (ΣPAH) was on average 17 times higher in fire-influenced samples (852 ng m-3, n = 8), relative to non-fire influenced samples (50 ng m-3, n = 64). Diagnostic PAH ratios in fire-influenced samples were indicative of a biomass burning source, whereas ratios in June to August samples showed additional influence from petrogenic and fossil fuel combustion. The average increase in the sum of VOCs (ΣVOC) was minor by comparison: 63 ppbv for fire-influenced samples (n = 16) versus 46 ppbv for non-fire samples (n = 90). The samples collected on August 16th and 22nd had large ΣVOC concentrations at all sites (average of 123 ppbv) that were unrelated to wildfire emissions, and composed primarily of acetaldehyde and methanol suggesting a photochemically aged air mass. Normalized excess enhancement ratios (ERs) were calculated for 20 VOCs and 23 PAHs for three fire influenced samples, and the former were generally consistent with previous observations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report ER measurements for a number of VOCs and PAHs in fresh North American boreal wildfire plumes. During May the aged wildfire plume intercepted the cities of Edmonton (∼380 km south) or Lethbridge (∼790 km south) on four separate occasions. No enhancement in ground-level ozone (O3) was observed in these aged plumes despite an assumed increase in O3 precursors. In the AOSR, the only daily-averaged VOCs which approached or exceeded the hourly Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives (AAAQOs) were benzene (during the fire) and acetaldehyde (on August 16th and 22nd). Implications for local and regional air quality as well as suggestions for supplemental air monitoring during future boreal fires, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R. Wentworth
- Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, 10th Floor 9888 Jasper Ave. NW, T5J 5C6, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yayne-abeba Aklilu
- Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, 10th Floor 9888 Jasper Ave. NW, T5J 5C6, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew S. Landis
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Yu-Mei Hsu
- Wood Buffalo Environmental Association, 100-330 Thickwood Blvd., T9K 1Y1, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada
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Sklute EC, Kashyap S, Dyar MD, Holden JF, Tague T, Wang P, Jaret SJ. Spectral and morphological characteristics of synthetic nanophase iron (oxyhydr)oxides. PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS 2018; 45:1-26. [PMID: 30135614 PMCID: PMC6101973 DOI: 10.1007/s00269-017-0897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanophase iron (oxyhydr)oxides are ubiquitous on Earth, globally distributed on Mars, and likely present on numerous other rocky solar system bodies. They are often structurally and, therefore, spectrally distinct from iron (oxyhydr)oxide bulk phases. Because their spectra vary with grain size, they can be difficult to identify or distinguish unless multiple analysis techniques are used in tandem. Yet, most literature reports fail to use multiple techniques or adequately parameterize sample morphology, making it difficult to understand how morphology affects spectral characteristics across techniques. Here, we present transmission electron microscopy, Raman, visible and near-infrared, and mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance data on synthetic, nanophase akaganéite, lepidocrocite, goethite, hematite, ferrihydrite, magnetite, and maghemite. Feature positions are tabulated and compared to those for bulk (oxyhydr)oxides and other nanophase iron (oxyhydr)oxides from the literature. The utility and limitations of each technique in analyzing nanophase iron (oxyhydr)oxides are discussed. Raman, mid-infrared, and visible near-infrared spectra show broadening, loss of some spectral features, and shifted positions compared to bulk phases. Raman and mid-infrared spectroscopies are useful in identifying and distinguishing akaganéite, lepidocrocite, goethite, and hematite, though ferrihydrite, magnetite, and maghemite have overlapped band positions. Visible near-infrared spectroscopy can identify and distinguish among ferrihydrite, magnetite, and maghemite in pure spectra, though akaganéite, lepidocrocite, and goethite can have overlapping bands. It is clear from this work that further understanding of variable spectral features in nanophase iron (oxyhydr)oxides must await additional studies to robustly assess effects of morphology. This study establishes a template for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Sklute
- Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Srishti Kashyap
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, N418 Morrill Science Center IV North, 639 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - M. Darby Dyar
- Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
- Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA
| | - James F. Holden
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, N418 Morrill Science Center IV North, 639 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas Tague
- Bruker Optics Inc., 19 Fortune Dr., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Bruker Optics Inc., 19 Fortune Dr., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Steven J. Jaret
- Department of Geoscience, Stony Brook University, 255 Earth and Space Science Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
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Multi-Year (2013–2016) PM2.5 Wildfire Pollution Exposure over North America as Determined from Operational Air Quality Forecasts. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8090179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chow BJ, Chen T, Zhong Y, Qiao Y. Direct Formation of Structural Components Using a Martian Soil Simulant. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1151. [PMID: 28450723 PMCID: PMC5430746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Martian habitats are ideally constructed using only locally available soils; extant attempts to process structural materials on Mars, however, generally require additives or calcination. In this work we demonstrate that Martian soil simulant Mars-1a can be directly compressed at ambient into a strong solid without additives, highlighting a possible aspect of complete Martian in-situ resource utilization. Flexural strength of the compact is not only determined by the compaction pressure but also significantly influenced by the lateral boundary condition of processing loading. The compression loading can be applied either quasi-statically or through impact. Nanoparticulate iron oxide (npOx), commonly detected in Martian regolith, is identified as the bonding agent. Gas permeability of compacted samples was measured to be on the order of 10-16 m2, close to that of solid rocks. The compaction procedure is adaptive to additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Chow
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0085, USA
| | - Tzehan Chen
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ying Zhong
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0085, USA. .,Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Smith JP, Smith FC, Booksh KS. Spatial and spectral resolution of carbonaceous material from hematite (α-Fe2O3) using multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) with Raman microspectroscopic mapping: implications for the search for life on Mars. Analyst 2017; 142:3140-3156. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel application of multivariate analysis with Raman microspectroscopic mapping to enhance the search for life on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Frank C. Smith
- Department of Geological Sciences
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Karl S. Booksh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
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Amazonian chemical weathering rate derived from stony meteorite finds at Meridiani Planum on Mars. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13459. [PMID: 27834377 PMCID: PMC5114618 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spacecraft exploring Mars such as the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity, as well as the Mars Science Laboratory or Curiosity rover, have accumulated evidence for wet and habitable conditions on early Mars more than 3 billion years ago. Current conditions, by contrast, are cold, extremely arid and seemingly inhospitable. To evaluate exactly how dry today's environment is, it is important to understand the ongoing current weathering processes. Here we present chemical weathering rates determined for Mars. We use the oxidation of iron in stony meteorites investigated by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum. Their maximum exposure age is constrained by the formation of Victoria crater and their minimum age by erosion of the meteorites. The chemical weathering rates thus derived are ∼1 to 4 orders of magnitude slower than that of similar meteorites found in Antarctica where the slowest rates are observed on Earth. Little is known about the impacts of Mars' contemporary dryness on weathering processes. Here, using iron oxidation estimates from the Mars Rover Opportunity, the authors quantify chemical weathering rates for Mars, finding appreciably slower rates compared with the lowest values on Earth.
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Wang B, Liu Y, Shao M, Lu S, Wang M, Yuan B, Gong Z, He L, Zeng L, Hu M, Zhang Y. The contributions of biomass burning to primary and secondary organics: A case study in Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:548-556. [PMID: 27371770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synchronized online measurements of gas- and particle- phase organics including non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and submicron organic matters (OM) were conducted in November 2010 at Heshan, Guangdong provincial supersite, China. Several biomass burning events were identified by using acetonitrile as a tracer, and enhancement ratios (EnRs) of organics to carbon monoxide (CO) obtained from this work generally agree with those from rice straw burning in previous studies. The influences of biomass burning on NMHCs, OVOCs and OM were explored by comparing biomass burning impacted plumes (BB plumes) and non-biomass burning plumes (non-BB plumes). A photochemical age-based parameterization method was used to characterize primary emission and chemical behavior of those three organic groups. The emission ratios (EmRs) of NMHCs, OVOCs and OM to CO increased by 27-71%, 34-55% and 67% in BB plumes, respectively, in comparison with non-BB plumes. The estimated formation rate of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in BB plumes was found to be 24% faster than non-BB plumes. By applying the above emission ratios to the whole PRD, the annual emissions of VOCs and OM from open burning of crop residues would be 56.4 and 3.8Gg in 2010 in PRD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- BaoLin Wang
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Min Shao
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - SiHua Lu
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - ZhaoHeng Gong
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - LingYan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - LiMin Zeng
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - YuanHang Zhang
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Dreessen J, Sullivan J, Delgado R. Observations and impacts of transported Canadian wildfire smoke on ozone and aerosol air quality in the Maryland region on June 9-12, 2015. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2016; 66:842-62. [PMID: 26963934 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1161674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Canadian wildfire smoke impacted air quality across the northern Mid-Atlantic (MA) of the United States during June 9-12, 2015. A multiday exceedance of the new 2015 70-ppb National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone (O3) followed, resulting in Maryland being incompliant with the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) revised 2015 O3 NAAQS. Surface in situ, balloon-borne, and remote sensing observations monitored the impact of the wildfire smoke at Maryland air quality monitoring sites. At peak smoke concentrations in Maryland, wildfire-attributable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) more than doubled, while non-NOx oxides of nitrogen (NOz) tripled, suggesting long range transport of NOx within the smoke plume. Peak daily average PM2.5 was 32.5 µg m(-3) with large fractions coming from black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), with a synonymous increase in carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations. Measurements indicate that smoke tracers at the surface were spatially and temporally correlated with maximum 8-hr O3 concentrations in the MA, all which peaked on June 11. Despite initial smoke arrival late on June 9, 2015, O3 production was inhibited due to ultraviolet (UV) light attenuation, lower temperatures, and nonoptimal surface layer composition. Comparison of Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model surface O3 forecasts to observations suggests 14 ppb additional O3 due to smoke influences in northern Maryland. Despite polluted conditions, observations of a nocturnal low-level jet (NLLJ) and Chesapeake Bay Breeze (BB) were associated with decreases in O3 in this case. While infrequent in the MA, wildfire smoke may be an increasing fractional contribution to high-O3 days, particularly in light of increased wildfire frequency in a changing climate, lower regional emissions, and tighter air quality standards. IMPLICATIONS The presented event demonstrates how a single wildfire event associated with an ozone exceedance of the NAAQS can prevent the Baltimore region from complying with lower ozone standards. This relatively new problem in Maryland is due to regional reductions in NOx emissions that led to record low numbers of ozone NAAQS violations in the last 3 years. This case demonstrates the need for adequate means to quantify and justify ozone impacts from wildfires, which can only be done through the use of observationally based models. The data presented may also improve future air quality forecast models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Dreessen
- a Maryland Department of the Environment , Air Monitoring Program , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - John Sullivan
- b Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt , MD , USA
| | - Ruben Delgado
- c Joint Center of Earth Systems Technology at the University of Maryland Baltimore County , Baltimore , MD , USA
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Brey SJ, Fischer EV. Smoke in the City: How Often and Where Does Smoke Impact Summertime Ozone in the United States? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1288-94. [PMID: 26720416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the influence of smoke on ozone (O3) abundances over the contiguous United States. Using colocated observations of particulate matter and the National Weather Service Hazard Mapping System smoke data, we identify summertime days between 2005 and 2014 that Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System O3 monitors are influenced by smoke. We compare O3 mixing ratio distributions for smoke-free and smoke-impacted days for each monitor, while controlling for temperature. This analysis shows that (i) the mean O3 abundance measured on smoke-impacted days is higher than on smoke-free days, and (ii) the magnitude of the effect varies by location with a range of 3 to 36 ppbv. For each site, we present the percentage of days when the 8-h average O3 mixing ratio (MDA8) exceeds 75 ppbv and smoke is present. Smoke-impacted O3 mixing ratios are most elevated in locations with the highest emissions of nitrogen oxides. The Northeast corridor, Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, Birmingham, and Kansas City stand out as having smoke present 10-20% of the days when 8-h average O3 mixing ratios exceed 75 ppbv. Most U.S. cities maintain a similar proportion of smoke-impacted exceedance days when they are held against the new MDA8 limit of 70 ppbv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Brey
- Steven Brey Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , 200 West Lake Street, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Steven Brey Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , 200 West Lake Street, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Effect of Nearby Forest Fires on Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Santiago, Chile. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Wall KT, Rowe MC, Ellis BS, Schmidt ME, Eccles JD. Determining volcanic eruption styles on Earth and Mars from crystallinity measurements. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5090. [PMID: 25277152 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Earth and Mars possess different styles of explosive basaltic volcanism. Distinguishing phreatomagmatic eruptions, driven by magma-water interaction, from 'magmatic' explosive eruptions (that is, strombolian and plinian eruptions) is important for determining the presence of near-surface water or ice at the time of volcanism. Here we show that eruption styles can be broadly identified by relative variations in groundmass or bulk crystallinity determined by X-ray diffraction. Terrestrial analogue results indicate that rapidly quenched phreatomagmatic ejecta display lower groundmass crystallinity (<35%) than slower cooling ejecta from strombolian or plinian eruptions (>40%). Numerical modelling suggests Martian plinian eruptive plumes moderate cooling, allowing 20-30% syn-eruptive crystallization, and thus reduce the distinction between eruption styles on Mars. Analysis of Mars Curiosity rover CheMin X-ray diffraction results from Gale crater indicate that the crystallinity of Martian sediment (52-54%) is similar to pyroclastic rocks from Gusev crater, Mars, and consistent with widespread distribution of basaltic strombolian or plinian volcanic ejecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie T Wall
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Webster Physical Science Building, Room 1228, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Michael C Rowe
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Commerce A Building, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ben S Ellis
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariek E Schmidt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, Saint Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Jennifer D Eccles
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Commerce A Building, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Thompson AM, Stauffer RM, Miller SK, Martins DK, Joseph E, Weinheimer AJ, Diskin GS. Ozone profiles in the Baltimore-Washington region (2006-2011): satellite comparisons and DISCOVER-AQ observations. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 72:393-422. [PMID: 26692597 PMCID: PMC4665809 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-014-9283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in creating satellite products for tracking the pollutants ozone and NO2 in the troposphere. Yet, in mid-latitude regions where meteorological interactions with pollutants are complex, accuracy can be difficult to achieve, largely due to persistent layering of some constituents. We characterize the layering of ozone soundings and related species measured from aircraft over two ground sites in suburban Washington, DC (Beltsville, MD, 39.05 N; 76.9 W) and Baltimore (Edgewood, MD, 39.4 N; 76.3 W) during the July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) experiment. First, we compare column-ozone amounts from the Beltsville and Edgewood sondes with data from overpassing satellites. Second, processes influencing ozone profile structure are analyzed using Laminar Identification and tracers: sonde water vapor, aircraft CO and NOy. Third, Beltsville ozone profiles and meteorological influences in July 2011 are compared to those from the summers of 2006-2010. Sonde-satellite offsets in total ozone during July 2011 at Edgewood and Beltsville, compared to the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), were 3 % mean absolute error, not statistically significant. The disagreement between an OMI/Microwave Limb Sounder-based tropospheric ozone column and the sonde averaged 10 % at both sites, with the sonde usually greater than the satellite. Laminar Identification (LID), that distinguishes ozone segments influenced by convective and advective transport, reveals that on days when both stations launched ozonesondes, vertical mixing was stronger at Edgewood. Approximately half the lower free troposphere sonde profiles have very dry laminae, with coincident aircraft spirals displaying low CO (80-110 ppbv), suggesting stratospheric influence. Ozone budgets at Beltsville in July 2011, determined with LID, as well as standard meteorological indicators, resemble those of 4 of the previous 5 summers. The penetration of stratospheric air throughout the troposphere appears to be typical for summer conditions in the Baltimore-Washington region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802-5013 USA
- Present Address: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - Ryan M. Stauffer
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802-5013 USA
| | - Sonya K. Miller
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802-5013 USA
| | - Douglas K. Martins
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802-5013 USA
| | - Everette Joseph
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, 2355 Sixth Street NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA
| | | | - Glenn S. Diskin
- NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
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18
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Geospatial interpolation and mapping of tropospheric ozone pollution using geostatistics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:983-1000. [PMID: 24434594 PMCID: PMC3924486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution is a major problem worldwide, including in the United States of America (USA), particularly during the summer months. Ozone oxidative capacity and its impact on human health have attracted the attention of the scientific community. In the USA, sparse spatial observations for O3 may not provide a reliable source of data over a geo-environmental region. Geostatistical Analyst in ArcGIS has the capability to interpolate values in unmonitored geo-spaces of interest. In this study of eastern Texas O3 pollution, hourly episodes for spring and summer 2012 were selectively identified. To visualize the O3 distribution, geostatistical techniques were employed in ArcMap. Using ordinary Kriging, geostatistical layers of O3 for all the studied hours were predicted and mapped at a spatial resolution of 1 kilometer. A decent level of prediction accuracy was achieved and was confirmed from cross-validation results. The mean prediction error was close to 0, the root mean-standardized-prediction error was close to 1, and the root mean square and average standard errors were small. O3 pollution map data can be further used in analysis and modeling studies. Kriging results and O3 decadal trends indicate that the populace in Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Beaumont-Port Arthur, San Antonio, and Longview are repeatedly exposed to high levels of O3-related pollution, and are prone to the corresponding respiratory and cardiovascular health effects. Optimization of the monitoring network proves to be an added advantage for the accurate prediction of exposure levels.
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An Investigation of Two Highest Ozone Episodes During the Last Decade in New England. ATMOSPHERE 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos3010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Fischer EV, Jaffe DA, Marley NA, Gaffney JS, Marchany-Rivera A. Optical properties of aged Asian aerosols observed over the U.S. Pacific Northwest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tucker SC, Banta RM, Langford AO, Senff CJ, Brewer WA, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, Osthoff HD, Hardesty RM. Relationships of coastal nocturnal boundary layer winds and turbulence to Houston ozone concentrations during TexAQS 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McMillan WW, Pierce RB, Sparling LC, Osterman G, McCann K, Fischer ML, Rappenglück B, Newsom R, Turner D, Kittaka C, Evans K, Biraud S, Lefer B, Andrews A, Oltmans S. An observational and modeling strategy to investigate the impact of remote sources on local air quality: A Houston, Texas, case study from the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chang D, Song Y. Comparison of L3JRC and MODIS global burned area products from 2000 to 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Verma S, Worden J, Pierce B, Jones DBA, Al-Saadi J, Boersma F, Bowman K, Eldering A, Fisher B, Jourdain L, Kulawik S, Worden H. Ozone production in boreal fire smoke plumes using observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pfister GG, Emmons LK, Hess PG, Lamarque JF, Thompson AM, Yorks JE. Analysis of the Summer 2004 ozone budget over the United States using Intercontinental Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) observations and Model of Ozone and Related Tracers (MOZART-4) simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McMillan WW, Warner JX, Comer MM, Maddy E, Chu A, Sparling L, Eloranta E, Hoff R, Sachse G, Barnet C, Razenkov I, Wolf W. AIRS views transport from 12 to 22 July 2004 Alaskan/Canadian fires: Correlation of AIRS CO and MODIS AOD with forward trajectories and comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with DC-8 in situ measurements during INTEX-A/ICARTT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rappenglück B, Perna R, Zhong S, Morris GA. An analysis of the vertical structure of the atmosphere and the upper-level meteorology and their impact on surface ozone levels in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mathur R. Estimating the impact of the 2004 Alaskan forest fires on episodic particulate matter pollution over the eastern United States through assimilation of satellite-derived aerosol optical depths in a regional air quality model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Lapina K, Honrath RE, Owen RC, Val Martín M, Hyer EJ, Fialho P. Late summer changes in burning conditions in the boreal regions and their implications for NOxand CO emissions from boreal fires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Pullan D, Westall F, Hofmann BA, Parnell J, Cockell CS, Edwards HGM, Villar SEJ, Schröder C, Cressey G, Marinangeli L, Richter L, Klingelhöfer G. Identification of morphological biosignatures in Martian analogue field specimens using in situ planetary instrumentation. ASTROBIOLOGY 2008; 8:119-156. [PMID: 18211229 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2006.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated how morphological biosignatures (i.e., features related to life) might be identified with an array of viable instruments within the framework of robotic planetary surface operations at Mars. This is the first time such an integrated lab-based study has been conducted that incorporates space-qualified instrumentation designed for combined in situ imaging, analysis, and geotechnics (sampling). Specimens were selected on the basis of feature morphology, scale, and analogy to Mars rocks. Two types of morphological criteria were considered: potential signatures of extinct life (fossilized microbial filaments) and of extant life (crypto-chasmoendolithic microorganisms). The materials originated from a variety of topical martian analogue localities on Earth, including impact craters, high-latitude deserts, and hydrothermal deposits. Our in situ payload included a stereo camera, microscope, Mössbauer spectrometer, and sampling device (all space-qualified units from Beagle 2), and an array of commercial instruments, including a multi-spectral imager, an X-ray spectrometer (calibrated to the Beagle 2 instrument), a micro-Raman spectrometer, and a bespoke (custom-designed) X-ray diffractometer. All experiments were conducted within the engineering constraints of in situ operations to generate realistic data and address the practical challenges of measurement. Our results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach for this type of work. Each technique made a proportionate contribution to the overall effectiveness of our "pseudopayload" for biogenic assessment of samples yet highlighted a number of limitations of current space instrument technology for in situ astrobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Pullan
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Tarasick DW, Moran MD, Thompson AM, Carey-Smith T, Rochon Y, Bouchet VS, Gong W, Makar PA, Stroud C, Ménard S, Crevier LP, Cousineau S, Pudykiewicz JA, Kallaur A, Moffet R, Ménard R, Robichaud A, Cooper OR, Oltmans SJ, Witte JC, Forbes G, Johnson BJ, Merrill J, Moody JL, Morris G, Newchurch MJ, Schmidlin FJ, Joseph E. Comparison of Canadian air quality forecast models with tropospheric ozone profile measurements above midlatitude North America during the IONS/ICARTT campaign: Evidence for stratospheric input. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Duck TJ, Firanski BJ, Millet DB, Goldstein AH, Allan J, Holzinger R, Worsnop DR, White AB, Stohl A, Dickinson CS, van Donkelaar A. Transport of forest fire emissions from Alaska and the Yukon Territory to Nova Scotia during summer 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Duck
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Bernard J. Firanski
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - James Allan
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | | | - Allen B. White
- Earth Systems Research Laboratory; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Andreas Stohl
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - Cameron S. Dickinson
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
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35
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Thompson AM, Stone JB, Witte JC, Miller SK, Oltmans SJ, Kucsera TL, Ross KL, Pickering KE, Merrill JT, Forbes G, Tarasick DW, Joseph E, Schmidlin FJ, McMillan WW, Warner J, Hintsa EJ, Johnson JE. Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) 2004: 2. Tropospheric ozone budgets and variability over northeastern North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Liang Q, Jaeglé L, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Jacob DJ, Avery MA, Browell EV, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Brune W, Ren X, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Fried A, Fuelberg H, Porter M, Heikes BG, Huey G, Singh HB, Wennberg PO. Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Real E, Law KS, Weinzierl B, Fiebig M, Petzold A, Wild O, Methven J, Arnold S, Stohl A, Huntrieser H, Roiger A, Schlager H, Stewart D, Avery M, Sachse G, Browell E, Ferrare R, Blake D. Processes influencing ozone levels in Alaskan forest fire plumes during long-range transport over the North Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Real
- Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - B. Weinzierl
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - M. Fiebig
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - A. Petzold
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - O. Wild
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - J. Methven
- Department of Meteorology; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - S. Arnold
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - A. Stohl
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - H. Huntrieser
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - A. Roiger
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - H. Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - D. Stewart
- School of Environmental Science; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - M. Avery
- Atmospheric Science Division; NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - G. Sachse
- Atmospheric Science Division; NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - E. Browell
- Atmospheric Science Division; NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - R. Ferrare
- Atmospheric Science Division; NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - D. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
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38
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Fuelberg HE, Porter MJ, Kiley CM, Halland JJ, Morse D. Meteorological conditions and anomalies during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Worden HM, Logan JA, Worden JR, Beer R, Bowman K, Clough SA, Eldering A, Fisher BM, Gunson MR, Herman RL, Kulawik SS, Lampel MC, Luo M, Megretskaia IA, Osterman GB, Shephard MW. Comparisons of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) ozone profiles to ozonesondes: Methods and initial results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Turquety S, Hudman RC, Weber RJ, Sullivan AP, Peltier RE, Atlas EL, de Gouw JA, Warneke C, Holloway JS, Neuman JA, Flocke FM, Seinfeld JH. Concentrations and sources of organic carbon aerosols in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colette L. Heald
- Center for Atmospheric Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Solène Turquety
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Rynda C. Hudman
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Amy P. Sullivan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Richard E. Peltier
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Eliot L. Atlas
- Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John S. Holloway
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Frank M. Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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41
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Val Martín M, Honrath RE, Owen RC, Pfister G, Fialho P, Barata F. Significant enhancements of nitrogen oxides, black carbon, and ozone in the North Atlantic lower free troposphere resulting from North American boreal wildfires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Val Martín
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - R. E. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - R. C. Owen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - G. Pfister
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. Fialho
- Group of Chemistry and Physics of the Atmosphere; University of the Azores; Terra Chã Portugal
| | - F. Barata
- Group of Chemistry and Physics of the Atmosphere; University of the Azores; Terra Chã Portugal
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