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Mardi AH, Dadashazar H, Painemal D, Shingler T, Seaman ST, Fenn MA, Hostetler CA, Sorooshian A. Biomass Burning Over the United States East Coast and Western North Atlantic Ocean: Implications for Clouds and Air Quality. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2021; 126:e2021JD034916. [PMID: 34777928 PMCID: PMC8587641 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd034916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) aerosol events were characterized over the U.S. East Coast and Bermuda over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) between 2005 and 2018 using a combination of ground-based observations, satellite data, and model outputs. Days with BB influence in an atmospheric column (BB days) were identified using criteria biased toward larger fire events based on anomalously high AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) and MERRA-2 black carbon (BC) column density. BB days are present year-round with more in June-August (JJA) over the northern part of the East Coast, in contrast to more frequent events in March-May (MAM) over the southeast U.S. and Bermuda. BB source regions in MAM are southern Mexico and by the Yucatan, Central America, and the southeast U.S. JJA source regions are western parts of North America. Less than half of the BB days coincide with anomalously high PM2.5 levels in the surface layer, according to data from 14 IMPROVE sites over the East Coast. Profiles of aerosol extinction suggest that BB particles can be found in the boundary layer and into the upper troposphere with the potential to interact with clouds. Higher cloud drop number concentration and lower drop effective radius are observed during BB days. In addition, lower liquid water path is found during these days, especially when BB particles are present in the boundary layer. While patterns are suggestive of cloud-BB aerosol interactions over the East Coast and the WNAO, additional studies are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David Painemal
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Marta A Fenn
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Jeevanandam J, Barhoum A, Chan YS, Dufresne A, Danquah MK. Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1050-1074. [PMID: 29719757 PMCID: PMC5905289 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1053] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, CDT250 Miri, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yen S Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, CDT250 Miri, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia
| | - Alain Dufresne
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, CDT250 Miri, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia
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Pallozzi E, Lusini I, Cherubini L, Hajiaghayeva RA, Ciccioli P, Calfapietra C. Differences between a deciduous and a conifer tree species in gaseous and particulate emissions from biomass burning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:457-467. [PMID: 29207297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean ecosystem, wildfires are very frequent and the predicted future with a probable increase of fires could drastically modify the vegetation scenarios. Vegetation fires are an important source of gases and primary emissions of fine carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere. In this paper, we present gaseous and particulate emissions data from the combustion of different plant tissues (needles/leaves, branches and needle/leaf litter), obtained from one conifer (Pinus halepensis) and one deciduous broadleaf tree (Quercus pubescens). Both species are commonly found throughout the Mediterranean area, often subject to wildfires. Experiments were carried out in a combustion chamber continuously sampling emissions throughout the different phases of a fire (pre-ignition, flaming and smoldering). We identified and quantified 83 volatile organic compounds including important carcinogens that can affect human health. CO and CO2 were the main gaseous species emitted, benzene and toluene were the dominant aromatic hydrocarbons, methyl-vinyl-ketone and methyl-ethyl-ketone were the most abundant measured oxygenated volatile organic compounds. CO2 and methane emissions peaked during the flaming phase, while the peak of CO emissions occurred during the smoldering phase. Overall, needle/leaf combustion released a greater amount of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere than the combustion of branches and litter. There were few differences between emissions from the combustion of the two tree species, except for some compounds. The combustion of P. halepensis released a great amount of monoterpenes as α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, sabinene, 3-carene, terpinolene and camphene that are not emitted from the combustion of Q. pubescens. The combustion of branches showed the longest duration of flaming and peak of temperature. Data presented appear crucial for modeling with the intent of understanding the loss of C during different phases of fire and how different typologies of biomass can affect wildfires and their speciation emissions profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Pallozzi
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lusini
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Lucia Cherubini
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Ramilla A Hajiaghayeva
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-technological Institute, RUDN University, 117198, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Paolo Ciccioli
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies (IMC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, CZ, Italy.
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An Evaluation of Modeled Plume Injection Height with Satellite-Derived Observed Plume Height. ATMOSPHERE 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos3010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Miller DJ, Sun K, Zondlo MA, Kanter D, Dubovik O, Welton EJ, Winker DM, Ginoux P. Assessing boreal forest fire smoke aerosol impacts on U.S. air quality: A case study using multiple data sets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Mark A. Zondlo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - David Kanter
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Oleg Dubovik
- Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique; Université de Lille 1/CNRS; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | | | | | - Paul Ginoux
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Princeton; New Jersey USA
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Alves CA, Vicente A, Monteiro C, Gonçalves C, Evtyugina M, Pio C. Emission of trace gases and organic components in smoke particles from a wildfire in a mixed-evergreen forest in Portugal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:1466-75. [PMID: 21277615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
On May 2009, both the gas and particulate fractions of smoke from a wildfire in Sever do Vouga, central Portugal, were sampled. Total hydrocarbons and carbon oxides (CO(2) and CO) were measured using automatic analysers with flame ionisation and non-dispersive infrared detectors, respectively. Fine (PM(2.5)) and coarse (PM(2.5-10)) particles from the smoke plume were analysed by a thermal-optical transmission technique to determine the elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) content. Subsequently, the particle samples were solvent extracted and fractionated by vacuum flash chromatography into different classes of organic compounds. The detailed organic speciation was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The CO, CO(2) and total hydrocarbon emission factors (g kg(-1) dry fuel) were 170 ± 83, 1485 ± 147, and 9.8 ± 0.90, respectively. It was observed that the particulate matter and OC emissions are significantly enhanced under smouldering fire conditions. The aerosol emissions were dominated by fine particles whose mass was mainly composed of organic constituents, such as degradation products from biopolymers (e.g. levoglucosan from cellulose, methoxyphenols from lignin). The compound classes also included homologous series (n-alkanes, n-alkenes, n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols), monosaccharide derivatives from cellulose, steroid and terpenoid biomarkers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The most abundant PAH was retene. Even carbon number homologs of monoglycerides were identified for the first time as biomarkers in biomass burning aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia A Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Xiong X, Barnet CD, Zhuang Q, Machida T, Sweeney C, Patra PK. Mid-upper tropospheric methane in the high Northern Hemisphere: Spaceborne observations by AIRS, aircraft measurements, and model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Spracklen DV, Mickley LJ, Logan JA, Hudman RC, Yevich R, Flannigan MD, Westerling AL. Impacts of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in the western United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Knopf DA, Lopez MD. Homogeneous ice freezing temperatures and ice nucleation rates of aqueous ammonium sulfate and aqueous levoglucosan particles for relevant atmospheric conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8056-68. [DOI: 10.1039/b903750k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McMillan WW, Warner JX, Comer MM, Maddy E, Chu A, Sparling L, Eloranta E, Hoff R, Sachse G, Barnet C, Razenkov I, Wolf W. AIRS views transport from 12 to 22 July 2004 Alaskan/Canadian fires: Correlation of AIRS CO and MODIS AOD with forward trajectories and comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with DC-8 in situ measurements during INTEX-A/ICARTT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cottrell LD, Griffin RJ, Jimenez JL, Zhang Q, Ulbrich I, Ziemba LD, Beckman PJ, Sive BC, Talbot RW. Submicron particles at Thompson Farm during ICARTT measured using aerosol mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pan YL, Pinnick RG, Hill SC, Rosen JM, Chang RK. Single-particle laser-induced-fluorescence spectra of biological and other organic-carbon aerosols in the atmosphere: Measurements at New Haven, Connecticut, and Las Cruces, New Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gilardoni S, Russell LM, Sorooshian A, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH, Bates TS, Quinn PK, Allan JD, Williams B, Goldstein AH, Onasch TB, Worsnop DR. Regional variation of organic functional groups in aerosol particles on four U.S. east coast platforms during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gilardoni
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California; San Diego, La Jolla California USA
| | - L. M. Russell
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California; San Diego, La Jolla California USA
| | - A. Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. C. Flagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. H. Seinfeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - P. K. Quinn
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - J. D. Allan
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - B. Williams
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - T. B. Onasch
- Aerodyne Research, Inc.; Billerica Massachusetts USA
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research, Inc.; Billerica Massachusetts USA
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Real E, Law KS, Weinzierl B, Fiebig M, Petzold A, Wild O, Methven J, Arnold S, Stohl A, Huntrieser H, Roiger A, Schlager H, Stewart D, Avery M, Sachse G, Browell E, Ferrare R, Blake D. Processes influencing ozone levels in Alaskan forest fire plumes during long-range transport over the North Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Real
- Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - B. Weinzierl
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - M. Fiebig
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - A. Petzold
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - O. Wild
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - J. Methven
- Department of Meteorology; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - S. Arnold
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - A. Stohl
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - H. Huntrieser
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - A. Roiger
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - H. Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| | - D. Stewart
- School of Environmental Science; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - M. Avery
- Atmospheric Science Division; NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - G. Sachse
- Atmospheric Science Division; NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - E. Browell
- Atmospheric Science Division; NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - R. Ferrare
- Atmospheric Science Division; NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - D. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
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