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Forootan E, Mehrnegar N, Schumacher M, Schiettekatte LAR, Jagdhuber T, Farzaneh S, van Dijk AIJM, Shamsudduha M, Shum CK. Global groundwater droughts are more severe than they appear in hydrological models: An investigation through a Bayesian merging of GRACE and GRACE-FO data with a water balance model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169476. [PMID: 38145671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Realistic representation of hydrological drought events is increasingly important in world facing decreased freshwater availability. Index-based drought monitoring systems are often adopted to represent the evolution and distribution of hydrological droughts, which mainly rely on hydrological model simulations to compute these indices. Recent studies, however, indicate that model derived water storage estimates might have difficulties in adequately representing reality. Here, a novel Markov Chain Monte Carlo - Data Assimilation (MCMC-DA) approach is implemented to merge global Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) changes from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow On mission (GRACE-FO) with the water storage estimations derived from the W3RA water balance model. The modified MCMC-DA derived summation of deep-rooted soil and groundwater storage estimates is then used to compute 0.5∘ standardized groundwater drought indices globally to show the impact of GRACE/GRACE-FO DA on a global index-based hydrological drought monitoring system. Our numerical assessment covers the period of 2003-2021, and shows that integrating GRACE/GRACE-FO data modifies the seasonality and inter-annual trends of water storage estimations. Considerable increases in the length and severity of extreme droughts are found in basins that exhibited multi-year water storage fluctuations and those affected by climate teleconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Forootan
- Geodesy Group, Department of Sustainability and Planning, Aalborg University, Rendburggade 14, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Nooshin Mehrnegar
- Geodesy Group, Department of Sustainability and Planning, Aalborg University, Rendburggade 14, Aalborg 9000, Denmark.
| | - Maike Schumacher
- Geodesy Group, Department of Sustainability and Planning, Aalborg University, Rendburggade 14, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Jagdhuber
- Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center, 82234 Wessling, Germany; Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, 86159 Ausburg, Germany
| | - Saeed Farzaneh
- School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Albert I J M van Dijk
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mohammad Shamsudduha
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C K Shum
- Division of Geodetic Science, School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Guevara-Ochoa C, Sierra AM, Vives L, Barrios M. Impact of rainfed agriculture on spatio-temporal patterns of water balance and the interaction between groundwater and surface water in sub-humid plains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169247. [PMID: 38081422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of rainfed agriculture, especially soybean cultivation in sub-humid plains, alters water balance and the exchange between groundwater-surface water (GW-SW). However, to date, there are no studies that analyze how these anthropic disturbances affect hydrological connectivity in these systems, especially the GW-SW interactions. The objective of this study is to analyze how the increase in rainfed agriculture affects the spatio-temporal patterns of the water balance and the GW-SW interaction. For this analysis, a coupled GW-SW flow model was implemented under land use and land cover (LULC) scenarios, to quantify the spatio-temporal dynamics for different components of water balance and GW-SW interactions for the upper creek basin of Del Azul. A simulation was carried out for a period of 13 years (2003-2015) on a daily scale and it was contrasted through three multitemporal LULC maps. The results point that substitution of natural pastures, the reduction of winter crops and the decrease of crop rotation, due to the increase of soybean monoculture in the basin under study, modifies the water balance, especially the annual rates of surface runoff and soil moisture which may increase between 3.5 and 9.4 % and between 1.4 and 4.4 % respectively, thus increasing the annual streamflows between 2.6 and 6.8 % and the groundwater heads between 0.2 and 0.6 m. This leads to changes in the hetereogeneity of the GW-SW interaction, a reduction between 0.3 and 3 % is observed in the discharge from the Pampeano aquifer to the Del Azul stream, while the recharge rates from the Del Azul stream to the Pampeano aquifer increase between 2 and 17.8 %. The application of the SWAT-MODFLOW model under LULC scenarios, improves the prediction of the regional hydrologic connectivity on sub-humid plains, because the hydrological processes occurring in the surface and non-saturated zone are governed by shallow groundwater dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Guevara-Ochoa
- "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff" Large Plains Hydrology Institute, IHLLA, República de Italia 780 C.C. Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina, CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Forestry Engineering, Universidad del Tolima, UT. Barrio Santa Helena Parte Alta Cl 42 1-02, Ibagué, Colombia.
| | - Agustín Medina Sierra
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, UPC. Jordi Girona, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Vives
- "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff" Large Plains Hydrology Institute, IHLLA, República de Italia 780 C.C. Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina, CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel Barrios
- Faculty of Forestry Engineering, Universidad del Tolima, UT. Barrio Santa Helena Parte Alta Cl 42 1-02, Ibagué, Colombia
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Wu H, Shi P, Qu S, Yang X, Zhang H, Wang L, Ding S, Li Z, Lu M, Qiu C. A hydrologic similarity-based parameters dynamic matching framework: Application to enhance the real-time flood forecasting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167767. [PMID: 37832671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional hydrological modeling is usually based on the assumption that parameters are statically time-invariant. However, recent studies suggest that the influences of climate change and human interventions have made this hypothesis questionable. Meanwhile, machine learning techniques are increasingly used to extract patterns and insights from the ever-increasing hydrometeorological data. Here, we proposed a hybrid framework (HSPDM) to improve the precision of real-time flood forecasting in response to nonstationary conditions. It utilizes multiple machine learning techniques to dynamically retrieve calibrated hydrological model parameters from historical similar floods, thus continuously obtaining hourly time-variant parameters in real-time flood forecasting operations. Using the Quzhou Basin in China as a case study, the effectiveness and advancement of HSPDM framework was examined. Three schemes, including traditional time-invariant parameters (scheme 1), hourly time-variant parameters (scheme 2), and probabilistic forecasting scheme (scheme 3), were built for comparison purpose. The results were summarized as follows: (1) The proposed framework can successfully identify continuous flood subsequence with a high retrieval accuracy (1.74) and acceptable time consumption (175.05 s) by adopting k-means, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and embedding-based subsequence matching (EBSM) method. (2) Compared to scheme 1, scheme 2 provided more reliable forecasting results with higher accuracies, in terms of the general goodness-of-fit (higher NSE value) and reproducing flood peak and flood process. (3) The streamflow hydrographs forecasted by scheme 2 fell exactly in the predictive uncertainty bounds of scheme 3 and even showed superiority compared to a preferred deterministic forecast (Q50) of scheme 3. The major scientific contribution of this study lies in advancing the technique of real-time flood forecasting based on the hourly time-variant model parameters, thereby strengthening our understanding of model behaviors under changing conditions. The proposed framework can also act as a new alternative for flood control and ultimately contribute to the mitigation of flooding disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshi Wu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peng Shi
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Water Safety & Hydro Science, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Simin Qu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Yang
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hongxue Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Le Wang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Song Ding
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zichun Li
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Meixia Lu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- Zhejiang Hydrologic Management Center, Hangzhou 310009, China
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4
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Mohammadi S, Cremaschi S. Efficiency of uncertainty propagation methods for moment estimation of uncertain model outputs. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Song YH, Chung ES, Shahid S. Differences in extremes and uncertainties in future runoff simulations using SWAT and LSTM for SSP scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156162. [PMID: 35640757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the performance of Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM) and Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in simulating observed runoff and projecting future runoff using 11 CMIP6 GCMs. The projected runoff was estimated for two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), 2-4.5 and 5-8.5 for near (2021-2060) and far (2061-2100) futures, respectively. The biases in GCM simulated climate variables were corrected using quantile mapping considering observations at 6 weather stations as reference data over the historical period (1985-2014). Five evaluation metrics were used to quantify the GCM's and hydrological models' capability to reconstruct climate variables and runoff in the Yeongsan Basin of South Korea. Uncertainties in LSTM and SWAT simulated runoff for the historical and projected periods were quantified using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and reliability ensemble averaging (REA), respectively. The results showed significant improvement in bias-corrected GCMs in replicating observations in terms of all evaluation metrics. The extreme runoff estimated using general extreme value (GEV) distribution revealed the better capability of LSTM than SWAT in reproducing observed runoff at all gauging locations. The SWAT projected an increase (17.7%) while LSTM projected a decrease (-13.6%) in the future runoff for both SSPs at most locations. The uncertainty in LSTM simulated runoff was lower than in SWAT runoff at all stations for the historical period. However, the uncertainty in SWAT projected runoff was lower than LSTM projected runoff for both SSPs. This study helps assessing the ability of deep-learning versus physically-based models in hydrological modeling and therefore opens new perspectives for hydrological modeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Song
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sung Chung
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shamsuddin Shahid
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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6
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Brucker CP, Livneh B, Minear JT, Rosario-Ortiz FL. A review of simulation experiment techniques used to analyze wildfire effects on water quality and supply. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1110-1132. [PMID: 35789241 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00045h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the critical knowledge gap of techniques simulating combustion and heating characteristics present in natural wildfires and their use in assessing postfire impacts on water quality and quantity. Our assessment includes both laboratory and plot-scale techniques with burn and rainfall simulation components. Studies included focus on advancing understanding of changes in chemical and physical properties of soil, as well as subsequent runoff changes. Advantages of simulation experiments include: overcoming logistical challenges of collecting in situ wildfire data, reducing the high spatial variability observed in natural settings (i.e., the heterogeneity of burn intensity and the underlying vegetation and soil properties), and controlling the magnitude of key drivers of wildfire impacts. In sum, simulation experiments allow for more direct attribution of water quality and quantity responses to specific drivers than experiments conducted in situ. Drawbacks of simulation techniques include the limitation of observing only local-scale processes, the potential misrepresentation of natural settings (i.e., lack of spatial variability in vegetation, soil structure, burn intensity, etc.), uncertainty introduced through experimental error, and subsequent challenges in upscaling results to larger scales relevant for water management. This review focuses primarily on simulation techniques, with the goal of providing a foundation of knowledge for the design of future simulation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli P Brucker
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Ben Livneh
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Western Water Assessment, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - J Toby Minear
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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7
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Di Mauro C, Hostache R, Matgen P, Pelich R, Chini M, van Leeuwen PJ, Nichols N, Blöschl G. A Tempered Particle Filter to Enhance the Assimilation of SAR-Derived Flood Extent Maps Into Flood Forecasting Models. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2022; 58:e2022WR031940. [PMID: 36249278 PMCID: PMC9541183 DOI: 10.1029/2022wr031940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Data assimilation (DA) is a powerful tool to optimally combine uncertain model simulations and observations. Among DA techniques, the particle filter (PF) has gained attention for its capacity to deal with nonlinear systems and for its relaxation of the Gaussian assumption. However, the PF may suffer from degeneracy and sample impoverishment. In this study, we propose an innovative approach, based on a tempered particle filter (TPF), aiming at mitigating PFs issues, thus extending over time the assimilation benefits. Probabilistic flood maps derived from synthetic aperture radar data are assimilated into a flood forecasting model through an iterative process including a particle mutation in order to keep diversity within the ensemble. Results show an improvement of the model forecasts accuracy, with respect to the Open Loop: on average the root mean square error (RMSE) of water levels decrease by 80% at the assimilation time and by 60% 2 days after the assimilation. A comparison with the Sequential Importance Sampling (SIS) is carried out showing that although SIS performances are generally comparable to the TPF ones at the assimilation time, they tend to decrease more quickly. For instance, on average TPF-based RMSE are 20% lower compared to the SIS-based ones 2 days after the assimilation. The application of the TPF determines higher critical success index values compared to the SIS. On average the increase in performances lasts for almost 3 days after the assimilation. Our study provides evidence that the application of the variant of the TPF enables more persistent benefits compared to the SIS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renaud Hostache
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyLuxembourgItaly
- Institut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUMR Espace‐DevUniversity of RéunionUniversity of GuyaneUniversity of AntillesUniversity of Nouvelle CalédonieUPVDMontpellierFrance
| | - Patrick Matgen
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyLuxembourgItaly
| | - Ramona Pelich
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyLuxembourgItaly
| | - Marco Chini
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyLuxembourgItaly
| | - Peter Jan van Leeuwen
- Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Nancy Nichols
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Günter Blöschl
- Centre for Water Resource SystemsVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
- Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources ManagementVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
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8
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Improving Results of Existing Groundwater Numerical Models Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Review. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14152307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of papers specifically focused on the use of both numerical and machine learning methods for groundwater level modelling. In the reviewed papers, machine learning models (also called data-driven models) are used to improve the prediction or speed process of existing numerical modelling. When long runtimes inhibit the use of numerical models, machine learning models can be a valid alternative, capable of reducing the time for model development and calibration without sacrificing accuracy of detail in groundwater level forecasting. The results of this review highlight that machine learning models do not offer a complete representation of the physical system, such as flux estimates or total water balance and, thus, cannot be used to substitute numerical models in large study areas; however, they are affordable tools to improve predictions at specific observation wells. Numerical and machine learning models can be successfully used as complementary to each other as a powerful groundwater management tool. The machine learning techniques can be used to improve calibration of numerical models, whereas results of numerical models allow us to understand the physical system and select proper input variables for machine learning models. Machine learning models can be integrated in decision-making processes when rapid and effective solutions for groundwater management need to be considered. Finally, machine learning models are computationally efficient tools to correct head error prediction of numerical models.
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Abstract
The reliability of weather radar data in real-time flood forecasting and early warning system remain ambivalent due to high uncertainty in Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF). In this study, a methodology is presented with the objective to improve the flood forecasting results with the application of radar rainfall calculated in three different ways. The QPF radar rainfall forecast data of four typhoon events in Fèngshān River Basin, Taiwan, were simulated using the WASH123D numerical model. The simulated results were corrected using a physical real-time correction technique and compared with direct simulation without correction for all three QPF calculation methods. According to model performance evaluation criteria, in the third method of QPF calculation, flood peak error was the lowest in all three methods, indicating better results for flood forecasting and can be used for flood early warning systems. The impact of the real-time correction technique was assessed using mass balance analysis. It was found that flow change is between 16% and 42% from direct simulation, indicating being on the safe side in case of a flood warning. However, the impact of the real-time physical correction on the water level itself is in a reasonable range. Still, QPF rainfall correction/calculation is more important to obtain accurate results for flood forecasting. Therefore, the application of real-time correction to correct the model water level has a certain degree of credibility, which is the mass balance of the model. This approach is recommended for flood forecasting early warning systems.
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Quality Assessment of Small Urban Catchments Stormwater Models: A New Approach Using Old Metrics. HYDROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology9050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Small urban catchments pose challenges in applying performance metrics when comparing measured and simulated hydrographs. Indeed, results are hampered by the short peak flows, due to rainfall variability and measurement synchronization errors, and it can be both difficult and inconvenient to remove base flows from the analysis, given their influence on combined sewer overflow (CSO) performance. A new approach, based on the application of metrics to peak flows for a selected set of different durations, is proposed and tested to support model quality assessment and calibration. Its advantages are: avoiding inconveniences arising from lags in peak flows and subjectivity of possible adjustments; favouring the assessment of the influence of base flow variability and flow lamination by CSOs; promoting integrated analysis for a wide range of rainfall events; facilitating bias identification and also guiding calibration. However, this new approach tends to provide results (e.g., for NSE, r2 and PBIAS) closer to optimal values than when applying metrics to compare the measured and simulated values of hydrographs, so the comparison of results with thresholds widely used in the literature should be done with caution. The various case study examples highlight the importance of using a judicious set of different metrics and graphical analyses.
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11
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Flood Forecasting via the Ensemble Kalman Filter Method Using Merged Satellite and Measured Soil Moisture Data. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flood monitoring in the Chaohe River Basin is crucial for the timely and accurate forecasting of flood flow. Hydrological models used for the simulation of hydrological processes are affected by soil moisture (SM) data and uncertain model parameters. Hence, in this study, measured satellite-based SM data obtained from different spatial scales were merged, and the model state and parameters were updated in real time via the data assimilation method named ensemble Kalman filter. Four different assimilation settings were used for the forecasting of different floods at three hydrological stations in the Chaohe River Basin: flood forecasting without data assimilation (NA case), assimilation of runoff data (AF case), assimilation of runoff and satellite-based soil moisture data (AFWR case), and assimilation of runoff and merged soil moisture data (AFWM case). Compared with NA, the relative error (RE) of small, medium, and large floods decreased from 0.53 to 0.23, 0.35 to 0.16, and 0.34 to 0.12 in the AF case, respectively, indicating that the runoff prediction was significantly improved by the assimilation of runoff data. In the AFWR and AFWM cases, the REs of the small, medium, and large floods also decreased, indicating that the soil moisture data play important roles in the assimilation of medium and small floods. To study the factors affecting the assimilation, the changes in the parameter mean and variance and the number of set samples were analyzed. Our results have important implications for the prediction of different levels of floods and related assimilation processes.
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A New Method for Long-Term River Discharge Estimation of Small- and Medium-Scale Rivers by Using Multisource Remote Sensing and RSHS: Application and Validation. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14081798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
River discharge is an important hydrological parameter of river water resources. Especially in small- and medium-scale rivers, data deficiency is the biggest problem for studies of river discharge. In recent years, remote sensing has become a rapid and convenient method to estimate river discharge. However, remote sensing images still have some difficulty generating continuous long-term river discharge. To address this problem, we developed a new method coupling the remote sensing hydrology station method (RSHS) with statistical regression downscaling, using data from optical satellites (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2), radar satellites (Sentinel-1), and un-manned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We applied this method to monitor monthly river discharge for small- and medium-scale rivers from 2016 to 2020 on Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and evaluated the accuracy of the results. The results show that (1) by applying the newly constructed method, the water body continuity index obtained by Landsat-8 increased by 7% and the average river length percentage in the channel reached 90.7%, a 40% increase; (2) there were only 10 river flow data points, on average, in the 5-year period obtained before this method was applied; after this method was applied, more than 50 river flow data points could be obtained, on average, extending the quantity of data fivefold; in addition, improper extreme values could also be avoided; (3) with better continuity of water body distribution, the images provided steadier river widths. The relative error of daily flow estimation from Landsat-8 images was reduced by 60% and the mean percentage error was reduced by one-fourth. The relative error of the multisource remote sensing composited flow was reduced by 37% with a reduction in the mean percentage error of over a half; (4) in addition, we found that when the threshold difference between water bodies and land in remote sensing images is more than 0.2, the impact of water body recognition error on flow accuracy can be ignored. This method helps to overcome the absence of remote sensing methods for the long-term estimation of flow series in small- and medium-scale rivers, improves the accuracy of remote sensing methods for calculating flow, and provides ideas for regional water resource management and utilization.
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Quantification of Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Uncertainty in Rainfall-Runoff Modeling. HYDROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology9030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Mountainous watersheds have always been a challenge for modelers due to large variability and insufficient ground observations, which cause forcing data, model structure, and parameter uncertainty. This study employed Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm which utilizes Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to account for forcing data uncertainty. A conceptual degree day snowmelt model, MIKE 11 NAM (Nedbor Afstromnings Model), was used to simulate snowmelt runoff from Ilgaz basin, with an area of 28.4 km2 area, located in the northern part of Turkey. The mean elevation is around 1700 m and the basin is covered with broadleaf forest and has mainly brown soil with a high water holding capacity. Precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) values were optimized in combination with model parameters conditioned on observed discharges and corrected values of input data were utilized for calibration and validation. Results showed that the observed precipitation was over-estimated by almost 10%, while evapotranspiration calculated by Penman–Monteith method was underestimated. The mean values of storm and ET multipliers were obtained as 1.14 and 0.84, respectively. When only parameter uncertainty was considered, calibration did not yield Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) greater than 0.64. However, when forcing data uncertainty was incorporated in the DREAM approach, an improved value of NSE (0.84) was obtained. After calibration and treatment of forcing data errors, the model yielded reasonable prediction uncertainty bounds and well-defined posterior distributions of NAM model parameters. Main objectives of the study are to assess the applicability of MIKE 11 NAM model to the selected catchment. In addition, the importance of errors in the input forcing variables to the model is demonstrated.
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14
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Ismail ZH, Jalaludin NA. An Augmented Multiple Imputation Particle Filter for River State Estimation With Missing Observation. Front Robot AI 2022; 8:788125. [PMID: 35252359 PMCID: PMC8894705 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.788125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, a new form of data assimilation (DA) method namely multiple imputation particle filter with smooth variable structure filter (MIPF–SVSF) is proposed for river state estimation. This method is introduced to perform estimation during missing observation by presenting new sets of data. The contribution of this work is to overcome the missing observation, and at the same time improve the estimation performance. The convergence analysis of the MIPF–SVF is discussed and shows that the method depends on the number of particles and imputations. However, the number of particles and imputations is influenced by the error difference in the likelihood function. By bounding the error, the ability of the method can be improved and the number of particles and computational time are reduced. The comparison between the proposed method with EKF during complete data and multiple imputation particle filter shows the effectiveness of the MIPF–SVSF. The percentage improvement of the proposed method compared to MIPF in terms of root mean square error is between 12 and 13.5%, standard deviation is between 14 and 15%, mean absolute error is between 2 and 7%, and the computational error is reduced between 73 and 90% of the length of time required to perform the estimation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. H. Ismail
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Z. H. Ismail,
| | - N. A. Jalaludin
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Malaysia
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15
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Improving Operational Short- to Medium-Range (SR2MR) Streamflow Forecasts in the Upper Zambezi Basin and Its Sub-Basins Using Variational Ensemble Forecasting. HYDROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology8040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The combination of Hydrological Models and high-resolution Satellite Precipitation Products (SPPs) or regional Climatological Models (RCMs), has provided the means to establish baselines for the quantification, propagation, and reduction in hydrological uncertainty when generating streamflow forecasts. This study aimed to improve operational real-time streamflow forecasts for the Upper Zambezi River Basin (UZRB), in Africa, utilizing the novel Variational Ensemble Forecasting (VEF) approach. In this regard, we describe and discuss the main steps required to implement, calibrate, and validate an operational hydrologic forecasting system (HFS) using VEF and Hydrologic Processing Strategies (HPS). The operational HFS was constructed to monitor daily streamflow and forecast them up to eight days in the future. The forecasting process called short- to medium-range (SR2MR) streamflow forecasting was implemented using real-time rainfall data from three Satellite Precipitation Products or SPPs (The real-time TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis TMPA-RT, the NOAA CPC Morphing Technique CMORPH, and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed data using Artificial Neural Networks, PERSIANN) and rainfall forecasts from the Global Forecasting System (GFS). The hydrologic preprocessing (HPR) strategy considered using all raw and bias corrected rainfall estimates to calibrate three distributed hydrological models (HYMOD_DS, HBV_DS, and VIC 4.2.b). The hydrologic processing (HP) strategy considered using all optimal parameter sets estimated during the calibration process to increase the number of ensembles available for operational forecasting. Finally, inference-based approaches were evaluated during the application of a hydrological postprocessing (HPP) strategy. The final evaluation and reduction in uncertainty from multiple sources, i.e., multiple precipitation products, hydrologic models, and optimal parameter sets, was significantly achieved through a fully operational implementation of VEF combined with several HPS. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities associated with operational SR2MR streamflow forecasting using VEF are evaluated and discussed.
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16
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Ekmekcioğlu Ö, Yılmaz M, Özger M, Tosunoğlu F. Investigation of the low impact development strategies for highly urbanized area via auto-calibrated Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2194-2213. [PMID: 34810305 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the low impact development (LID) practices on sustainable urban flood storm water management. We applied three LID techniques, i.e. green roof, permeable pavements and bioretention cells, on a highly urbanized watershed in Istanbul, Turkey. The EPA-SWMM was used as a hydrologic-hydraulic model and the model calibration was performed by the well-known Parameter ESTimation (PEST) tool. The rainfall-runoff events occurred between 2012 and 2020. A sensitivity analysis on the parameter selection was applied to reduce the computational cost. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) was used as the objective function and it was calculated as 0.809 in the model calibration. The simulations were conducted for six different return periods of a storm event, i.e. 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, in which the synthetic storm event hyetographs were produced by means of the alternating block method. The results revealed that the combination of green roof and permeable pavements have the major impact on both the peak flood reduction and runoff volume reduction compared to the single LIDs. The maximum runoff reduction percentage was obtained as 56.02% for a 10 years return period of a storm event in the combination scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Ekmekcioğlu
- Hydraulics Division, Civil Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Muhammet Yılmaz
- Department of Civil Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Özger
- Hydraulics Division, Civil Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Fatih Tosunoğlu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey
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17
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El Serafy GY, Schaeffer BA, Neely MB, Spinosa A, Odermatt D, Weathers KC, Baracchini T, Bouffard D, Carvalho L, Conmy RN, De Keukelaere L, Hunter PD, Jamet C, Joehnk KD, Johnston JM, Knudby A, Minaudo C, Pahlevan N, Reusen I, Rose KC, Schalles J, Tzortziou M. Integrating Inland and Coastal Water Quality Data for Actionable Knowledge. REMOTE SENSING 2021; 13:1-24. [PMID: 36817948 PMCID: PMC9933521 DOI: 10.3390/rs13152899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Water quality measures for inland and coastal waters are available as discrete samples from professional and volunteer water quality monitoring programs and higher-frequency, near-continuous data from automated in situ sensors. Water quality parameters also are estimated from model outputs and remote sensing. The integration of these data, via data assimilation, can result in a more holistic characterization of these highly dynamic ecosystems, and consequently improve water resource management. It is becoming common to see combinations of these data applied to answer relevant scientific questions. Yet, methods for scaling water quality data across regions and beyond, to provide actionable knowledge for stakeholders, have emerged only recently, particularly with the availability of satellite data now providing global coverage at high spatial resolution. In this paper, data sources and existing data integration frameworks are reviewed to give an overview of the present status and identify the gaps in existing frameworks. We propose an integration framework to provide information to user communities through the the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) AquaWatch Initiative. This aims to develop and build the global capacity and utility of water quality data, products, and information to support equitable and inclusive access for water resource management, policy and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Y.H. El Serafy
- Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Blake A. Schaeffer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Merrie-Beth Neely
- Global Science & Technology, 7855 Walker Drive, Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA
| | - Anna Spinosa
- Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Odermatt
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Theo Baracchini
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechinque Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien Bouffard
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | | | - Robyn N. Conmy
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | | | - Peter D. Hunter
- Earth and Planetary Observation Science (EPOS), Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, UK
| | - Cédric Jamet
- Univ. Littoral Cote d’Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Klaus D. Joehnk
- CSIRO Land and Water, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - John M. Johnston
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Anders Knudby
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, 60 University, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Camille Minaudo
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechinque Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nima Pahlevan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Road, Lanham, MD 20706, USA
| | - Ils Reusen
- VITO Remote Sensing, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Kevin C. Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - John Schalles
- Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Maria Tzortziou
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY 10003, USA
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18
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Abstract
Quantification of the surface water offer is crucial for its management. In Peru, the low spatial density of hydrometric stations makes this task challenging. This work aims to evaluate the hydrological performance of a monthly water balance model in Peru using precipitation and evapotranspiration data from the high-resolution meteorological PISCO dataset, which has been developed by the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru (SENAMHI). A regionalization approach based on Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Testing (FAST) of the rainfall-runoff (RR) and runoff variability (RV) indices defined 14 calibration regions nationwide. Next, the GR2M model was used at a semi-distributed scale in 3594 sub-basins and river streams to simulate monthly discharges from January 1981 to March 2020. Model performance was evaluated using the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), square root transferred Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSEsqrt), and water balance error (WBE) metrics. The results show a very well representation of monthly discharges for a large portion of Peruvian sub-basins (KGE ≥ 0.75, NSEsqrt ≥ 0.65, and −0.29 < WBE < 0.23). Finally, this study introduces a product of continuous monthly discharge rates in Peru, named PISCO_HyM_GR2M, to understand surface water balance in data-scarce sub-basins.
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19
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Data Assimilation of Satellite-Based Soil Moisture into a Distributed Hydrological Model for Streamflow Predictions. HYDROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology8010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The authors examine the impact of assimilating satellite-based soil moisture estimates on real-time streamflow predictions made by the distributed hydrologic model HLM. They use SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and SMOS (Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity) data in an agricultural region of the state of Iowa in the central U.S. They explore three different strategies for updating model soil moisture states using satellite-based soil moisture observations. The first is a “hard update” method equivalent to replacing the model soil moisture with satellite observed soil moisture. The second is Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) to update the model soil moisture, accounting for modeling and observational errors. The third strategy introduces a time-dependent error variance model of satellite-based soil moisture observations for perturbation of EnKF. The study compares streamflow predictions with 131 USGS gauge observations for four years (2015–2018). The results indicate that assimilating satellite-based soil moisture using EnKF reduces predicted peak error compared to that from the open-loop and hard update data assimilation. Furthermore, the inclusion of the time-dependent error variance model in EnKF improves overall streamflow prediction performance. Implications of the study are useful for the application of satellite soil moisture for operational real-time streamflow forecasting.
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20
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Assessing Near Real-Time Satellite Precipitation Products for Flood Simulations at Sub-Daily Scales in a Sparsely Gauged Watershed in Peruvian Andes. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the applicability of Satellite Precipitation Products (SPPs) in near real-time for the simulation of sub-daily runoff in the Vilcanota River basin, located in the southeastern Andes of Peru. The data from rain gauge stations are used to evaluate the quality of Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM–Early (IMERG-E), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation–Near Real-Time (GSMaP-NRT), Climate Prediction Center Morphing Method (CMORPH), and HydroEstimator (HE) at the pixel-station level; and these SPPs are used as meteorological inputs for the hourly hydrological modeling. The GR4H model is calibrated with the hydrometric station of the longest record, and model simulations are also verified at one station upstream and two stations downstream of the calibration point. Comparing the sub-daily precipitation data observed, the results show that the IMERG-E product generally presents higher quality, followed by GSMaP-NRT, CMORPH, and HE. Although the SPPs present positive and negative biases, ranging from mild to moderate, they do represent the diurnal and seasonal variability of the hourly precipitation in the study area. In terms of the average of Kling-Gupta metric (KGE), the GR4H_GSMaP-NRT’ yielded the best representation of hourly discharges (0.686), followed by GR4H_IMERG-E’ (0.623), GR4H_Ensemble-Mean (0.617) and GR4H_CMORPH’ (0.606), and GR4H_HE’ (0.516). Finally, the SPPs showed a high potential for monitoring floods in the Vilcanota basin in near real-time at the operational level. The results obtained in this research are very useful for implementing flood early warning systems in the Vilcanota basin and will allow the monitoring and short-term hydrological forecasting of floods by the Peruvian National Weather and Hydrological Service.
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21
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Nika CE, Vasilaki V, Expósito A, Katsou E. Water Cycle and Circular Economy: Developing a Circularity Assessment Framework for Complex Water Systems. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116423. [PMID: 32979579 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water - the most vital resource, negatively affected by the linear pattern of growth - still tries to find its positioning within the emerging concept of circular economy. Fragmented, sectorial circularity approaches hide the risk of underestimating both the preservation of and impacts to water resources and natural capital. In this study, a game changing circularity assessment framework is developed (i.e. MSWCA). The MSWCA follows a multi-sectoral systems approach, symbiotically managing key water-related socio-economic (i.e. urban water, agro-food, energy, industry and waste handling) and non-economic (i.e. natural environment) sectors. The MSWCA modelling framework enables the investigation of the feedback loops between the nature-managed and human-managed systems to assess water and water-related resources circularity. The three CE principles lie at the core of the developed framework, enabling the consideration of physical, technical, environmental and economic aspects. An indicators database is further developed, including all the relevant data requirements, as well as existing and newly developed indicators assessing multi-sectoral systems' circularity. The MSWCA framework is conceptually applied to a fictional city, facilitating its understanding and practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Nika
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge Campus, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, Uxbridge, UK
| | - V Vasilaki
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge Campus, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, Uxbridge, UK
| | - A Expósito
- Department of Economic Analysis and Political Economy, University of Sevilla, 41018 Sevilla, Spain
| | - E Katsou
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge Campus, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, Uxbridge, UK.
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22
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Current and Future Ecological Status Assessment: A New Holistic Approach for Watershed Management. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Paiva River catchment, located in Portugal, integrates the Natura 2000 network of European Union nature protection areas. Resorting to topography, climate and land-use data, a semi-distributed hydrological model (Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN) was run in order to simulate the hydrological cycle of the river and its tributaries. The model was calibrated over a 25-year period and validated within a 31-year period. Its performance was verified by comparing the recorded and simulated daily flows. The values of the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.95 and 0.76, and coefficient of determination of 0.95 and 0.82, were achieved for calibration and validation, respectively, thus showing a quite satisfactory model performance. Subsequently, the climate change impacts on temperature and precipitation, as well as their extremes, and on the flowrates were also assessed for a future period (2041–2070) under two anthropogenic forcing scenarios (representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5). A procedure for selecting the most relevant metrics for assessing the ecological condition of the Paiva River was developed based upon a set of 52 invertebrate families sampled. Correspondence analyses were carried out for biological datasets (traits/metrics) with physicochemical and land use/land cover matrices separately. Out of all variables, water quality and flow and agriculture land use explained most of the variance observed. The integrated analysis undertaken in the present study is an important advance when compared to previous studies and it provides key information to stakeholders and decision-makers, particularly when planning suitable adaptation measures to cope with changing climates in the forthcoming decades.
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23
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Streamflow Predictions in a Small Urban–Rural Watershed: The Effects of Radar Rainfall Resolution and Urban Rainfall–Runoff Dynamics. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11080774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors predicted streamflow in an urban–rural watershed using a nested regional–local modeling approach for the community of Manchester, Iowa, which is downstream of a largely rural watershed. The nested model coupled the hillslope-link model (HLM), used to simulate the upstream rural basins, and XPSWMM, which was used to simulate the more complex rainfall–runoff dynamics and surface and subsurface drainage in the urban areas, making it capable of producing flood maps at the street level. By integrating these models built for different purposes, we enabled fast and accurate simulation of hydrological processes in the rural basins while also modeling the flows in an urban environment. Using the model, we investigated how the spatial and temporal resolution of radar rainfall inputs can affect the modeled streamflow. We used a combination of three radar rainfall products to capture the uncertainty of rainfall estimation in the model results. Our nested model was able to simulate the hydrographs and timing and duration above the threshold known to result in nuisance flooding in Manchester. The spatiotemporal resolution the radar rainfall input to the model impacted the streamflow outputs of the regional, local, and nested models differently depending on the storm event.
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24
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Flood Mapping Uncertainty from a Restoration Perspective: A Practical Case Study. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many hydrologic studies that are the basis for water resources planning and management rely on streamflow information. Calibration and use of hydrologic models to extend flow series based on rainfall data, perform flood frequency analysis, or develop flood maps for land use planning and design of engineering works, such as channels, dams, bridges, and water intake, are examples of such studies. In most real-world engineering applications, errors in flow data are neglected or not adequately addressed. However, because flows are estimated based on the water level measurements by fitted rating curves, they can be subjected to significant uncertainties. How large these uncertainties are and how they can impact the results of such studies is a topic of interest for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers of water resources. The quantitative assessment of these uncertainties is important to obtain a more realistic description of many water resources related studies. River restoration in many areas is limited by data availability and funding. A means to assess the uncertainty of flow data to be used in the design and analysis of river restoration projects that is cost effective and has minimal data requirements would greatly improve the reliability of river restoration design. This paper proposes an assessment of how uncertainties related to rating curves and frequency analysis may affect the results of flood mapping in a real-world application to a small watershed with limited data. A Bayesian approach was performed to obtain the posterior distributions for the model parameters and the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System) hydraulic model was used to propagate the uncertainties in the water surface elevation profiles. The analysis was conducted using freely available data and open source software, greatly reducing traditional analysis costs. The results demonstrate that for the study case the uncertainty related to the frequency analysis study impacted the water profiles more significantly than the uncertainty associated with the rating curve.
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25
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Abstract
Improving decision-making in various areas of water policy and management (e.g., flood and drought preparedness, reservoir operation and hydropower generation) requires skillful streamflow forecasts. Despite the recent advances in hydrometeorological prediction, real-time streamflow forecasting over the Himalayas remains a critical issue and challenge, especially with complex basin physiography, shifting weather patterns and sparse and biased in-situ hydrometeorological monitoring data. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of low-complexity data-driven persistence-based approaches for skillful streamflow forecasting in the Himalayan country Nepal. The selected approaches are: (1) simple persistence, (2) streamflow climatology and (3) anomaly persistence. We generated the streamflow forecasts for 65 stream gauge stations across Nepal for short-to-medium range forecast lead times (1 to 12 days). The selected gauge stations were monitored by the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) Nepal, and they represent a wide range of basin size, from ~17 to ~54,100 km2. We find that the performance of persistence-based forecasting approaches depends highly upon the lead time, flow threshold, basin size and flow regime. Overall, the persistence-based forecast results demonstrate higher forecast skill in snow-fed rivers over intermittent ones, moderate flows over extreme ones and larger basins over smaller ones. The streamflow forecast skill obtained in this study can serve as a benchmark (reference) for the evaluation of many operational forecasting systems over the Himalayas.
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26
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Bodner K, Fortin M, Molnár PK. Making predictive modelling ART: accurate, reliable, and transparent. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Korryn Bodner
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Laboratory of Quantitative Global Change Ecology Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Marie‐Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Péter K. Molnár
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Laboratory of Quantitative Global Change Ecology Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada
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27
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Park S, Kim K, Shin C, Min JH, Na EH, Park LJ. Variable update strategy to improve water quality forecast accuracy in multivariate data assimilation using the ensemble Kalman filter. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115711. [PMID: 32272320 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Data assimilation in complex water quality modeling is inevitably multivariate because several water quality variables interact and correlate. In ensemble Kalman filter applications, determining which variables to include and the structure of the relationships among these variables is important to achieve accurate forecast results. In this study, various analysis methods with different combinations of variables and interaction structures were evaluated under two different simulation conditions: synthetic and real. In the former, a synthetic experimental setting was formulated to ensure that issues, including incorrect model error assumption problem, spurious correlation between variables, and observational data inconsistency, would not distort the analysis results. The latter did not have such considerations. Therefore, this process could demonstrate the undistorted effects of the different analysis methods on the assimilated outputs and how these effects might diminish in real applications. Under synthetic conditions, updating a single active variable was found to improve the accuracy of the other active variables, and updating multiple active variables in a multivariate manner mutually enhanced the accuracy of the variables if proper ensemble covariance and observation data consistency were ensured. The results of the real case indicated a weakened mutual enhancement effect, and the methods in which variable localization were applied yielded the best analysis results. However, the multivariate analysis methods produced more accurate forecasting results, indicating that these methods could be superior. Therefore, it is suggested that multivariate analysis methods be considered first for water quality modeling, and the application of variable localization should be considered if significant spurious correlations and data inconsistency are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Park
- The National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghyun Kim
- The National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changmin Shin
- The National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyuk Min
- The National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Na
- The National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Joo Park
- The National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
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28
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Perin R, Trigatti M, Nicolini M, Campolo M, Goi D. Automated calibration of the EPA-SWMM model for a small suburban catchment using PEST: a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:374. [PMID: 32417975 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall-runoff models must be calibrated and validated before they can be used for urban stormwater management. Manual calibration is very difficult and time-consuming due to the large number of model parameters that must be estimated concurrently. Automatic calibration offers as a promising alternative, ideally supporting a user-independent and time-efficient approach to model parameters estimation. In this article, we test the use of a state-of-the-art standard package (PEST, Parameter ESTimation, http://www.pesthomepage.org/) for the automatic calibration of a rainfall-runoff EPA-SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) model developed for a small suburban catchment. Results reported in the paper demonstrate that the performance of automatically calibrated models still depends on a number of user-dependent choices (the level of catchment discretization, the selection of significant parameters, the optimization techniques adopted). Through a systematic analysis of the results, we try to identify the guidelines for the effective use of automatic calibration procedures based on modeling assumptions and target of the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Perin
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, Udine, Italy.
| | - Matteo Trigatti
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Nicolini
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Campolo
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Goi
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, Udine, Italy
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29
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Floodwater Utilization Based on Reservoir Pre-Release Strategy Considering the Worst-Case Scenario. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing floodwater resources is important in relieving water shortages, and dynamic control of the flood limited water level (FLWL) for reservoir operation in a flood season is an effective method to achieve this objective. Based on the capacity-constrained pre-release method, this study proposed an improved dynamic control method that considered the duration of dry periods and the lead time of flood forecasts. The pre-release process was divided into two periods: water use and flood control. Taking Xianghongdian Reservoir in the Huai River Basin of China as an example, this study analyzed the statistical laws of continuous dry periods and effective flood forecast lead times and compared the effects of the negative exponential and asymptotic regression models in fitting the dry period distribution. We also calculated the floodwater volume over the FLWL in different situations and evaluated the flood control risks in a worst-case scenario. Statistical law of the dry period duration showed obvious negative index distribution characteristics; the relationship between increased water storage, dry period, and lead time can provide support for the operation decisions of the reservoir. The method did not increase the flood control risk under worst-case scenarios, and it can be used to effectively utilize reservoir floodwater resources.
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The Applicability of LSTM-KNN Model for Real-Time Flood Forecasting in Different Climate Zones in China. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flow forecasting is an essential topic for flood prevention and mitigation. This study utilizes a data-driven approach, the Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM), to simulate rainfall–runoff relationships for catchments with different climate conditions. The LSTM method presented was tested in three catchments with distinct climate zones in China. The recurrent neural network (RNN) was adopted for comparison to verify the superiority of the LSTM model in terms of time series prediction problems. The results of LSTM were also compared with a widely used process-based model, the Xinanjiang model (XAJ), as a benchmark to test the applicability of this novel method. The results suggest that LSTM could provide comparable quality predictions as the XAJ model and can be considered an efficient hydrology modeling approach. A real-time forecasting approach coupled with the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm as an updating method was proposed in this study to generalize the plausibility of the LSTM method for flood forecasting in a decision support system. We compared the simulation results of the LSTM and the LSTM-KNN model, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the LSTM-KNN model in the study areas and underscored the potential of the proposed model for real-time flood forecasting.
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Sun P, Wu Y, Xiao J, Hui J, Hu J, Zhao F, Qiu L, Liu S. Remote sensing and modeling fusion for investigating the ecosystem water-carbon coupling processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134064. [PMID: 31476506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The water and carbon cycles are tightly linked and play a key role in the material and energy flows between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, but the interactions of water and carbon cycles are not quite clear. The global climate change and intensive human activities could also complicate the water and carbon coupling processes. Better understanding the coupled water-carbon cycles and their spatiotemporal evolution can inform management and decision-making efforts regarding carbon uptake, food production, water resources, and climate change. The integration of remote sensing and numeric modeling is an attractive approach to address the challenge. Remote sensing can provide extensive data for a number of variables at regional scale and support models, whereas process-based modeling can facilitate investigating the processes that remote sensing cannot well handle (e.g., below-ground and lateral material movement) and backcast/forecast the impacts of environmental change. Over the past twenty years, an increasing number of studies using a variety of remote sensing products together with numeric models have examined the water-carbon interactions. This article reviewed the methodologies for integrating remote sensing data into these models and the modeling of water-carbon coupling processes. We first summarized the major remote sensing datasets and models used for studying the coupled water-carbon cycles. We then provided an overview of the methods for integrating remote sensing data into water-carbon models, and discussed their strengths and challenges. We also prospected the development of potential new remote sensing datasets, modeling methods, and their potential applications in the field of eco-hydrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China; Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710075, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China.
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Jinyu Hui
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Fubo Zhao
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Linjing Qiu
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410004, China
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Identifying Key Hydrological Processes in Highly Urbanized Watersheds for Flood Forecasting with a Distributed Hydrological Model. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The world has experienced large-scale urbanization in the past century, and this trend is ongoing. Urbanization not only causes land use/cover (LUC) changes but also changes the flood responses of watersheds. Lumped conceptual hydrological models cannot be effectively used for flood forecasting in watersheds that lack long time series of hydrological data to calibrate model parameters. Thus, physically based distributed hydrological models are used instead in these areas, but considerable uncertainty is associated with model parameter derivation. To reduce model parameter uncertainty in physically based distributed hydrological models for flood forecasting in highly urbanized watersheds, a procedure is proposed to control parameter uncertainty. The core concept of this procedure is to identify the key hydrological and flood processes in the highly urbanized watersheds and the sensitive model parameters related to these processes. Then, the sensitive model parameters are adjusted based on local runoff coefficients to reduce the parameter uncertainty. This procedure includes these steps: collecting the latest LUC information or estimating this information using satellite remote sensing images, analyzing LUC spatial patterns and identifying dominant LUC types and their spatial structures, choosing and establishing a distributed hydrological model as the forecasting tool, and determining the initial model parameters and identifying the key hydrological processes and sensitive model parameters based on a parameter sensitivity analysis. A highly urbanized watershed called Shahe Creek in the Pearl River Delta area was selected as a case study. This study finds that the runoff production processes associated with both the ferric luvisol and acric ferralsol soil types and the runoff routing process on urban land are key hydrological processes. Additionally, the soil water content under saturated conditions, the soil water content under field conditions and the roughness of urban land are sensitive parameters.
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The Role of Satellite-Based Remote Sensing in Improving Simulated Streamflow: A Review. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A hydrological model is a useful tool to study the effects of human activities and climate change on hydrology. Accordingly, the performance of hydrological modeling is vitally significant for hydrologic predictions. In watersheds with intense human activities, there are difficulties and uncertainties in model calibration and simulation. Alternative approaches, such as machine learning techniques and coupled models, can be used for streamflow predictions. However, these models also suffer from their respective limitations, especially when data are unavailable. Satellite-based remote sensing may provide a valuable contribution for hydrological predictions due to its wide coverage and increasing tempo-spatial resolutions. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of satellite-based remote sensing in streamflow simulation. First, difficulties in hydrological modeling over highly regulated basins are further discussed. Next, the performance of satellite-based remote sensing (e.g., remotely sensed data for precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, snow properties, terrestrial water storage change, land surface temperature, river width, etc.) in improving simulated streamflow is summarized. Then, the application of data assimilation for merging satellite-based remote sensing with a hydrological model is explored. Finally, a framework, using remotely sensed observations to improve streamflow predictions in highly regulated basins, is proposed for future studies. This review can be helpful to understand the effect of applying satellite-based remote sensing on hydrological modeling.
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Hydrological Modelling and Evaluation of Detention Ponds to Improve Urban Drainage System and Water Quality. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paranoá Lake is an urban lake and it is being used as a source for urban water supply since last year. Until 1990, algal blooms occurred and improvements on wastewater treatment plants carried out improved the water quality very rapidly due to phosphorus load reduction. Recently, water quality is deteriorating, which is probably due to diffuse pollution. In Brazil, we adopt separated pipe networks for sewage and stormwaters, although cross flows occur. The evaluation of urban drainage stormwaters entering the lake and proposition of technical alternatives is crucial in minimizing the impacts on lake water quality. Quantitative and qualitative behavior of urban stormwaters were analyzed by means of monitoring the runoff flows and pollutant concentrations. Mathematical modelling while using the Storm Water Management Model—SWMM was carried out, and good correlations were found for flow modelling. However, poor response was achieved for water quality simulations, affecting the simulated pollutant loads entering the lake. The simulation of 13 alternatives for detention ponds location was also evaluated, as well as their influences on flow damping capability. The detention ponds that were tested were placed in line in the drainage mains to study the effects of their location on the removal of pollutants. As expected, the results showed that ponds located near the outfall are more efficient in reducing flow peaks. However, this layout requires construction woks in areas that are more sensitive to environmental and urbanistic problems and with higher land commercial values. Alternatives with smaller volumes in public areas near the center of the catchment area can lead to the peak flow damping required by the existing drainage network to avoid overflows. In conclusion, detention ponds can be a good alternative for improving the stormwater quantity and quality, but also alternatives that promote increased infiltration, should also be considered for compensating the infiltration lost due to urbanization.
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Hydrologic Modeling for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Urbanized Karst Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142542. [PMID: 31315302 PMCID: PMC6678514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential of karst aquifers as a drinking water resource is substantial because of their large storage capacity gained in the course of carbonate dissolution. Carbonate dissolution and consequent development of preferential paths are also the reasons for the complex behavior of these aquifers as regards surface and underground flow. Hydrological modeling is therefore of paramount importance for an adequate assessment of flow components in catchments shaped on karsts. The cross tabulation of such components with geology, soils, and land use data in Geographic Information Systems helps decision makers to set up sustainable groundwater abstractions and allocate areas for storage of quality surface water, in the context of conjunctive water resources management. In the present study, a hydrologic modeling using the JAMS J2000 software was conducted in a karst area of Jequitiba River basin located near the Sete Lagoas town in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The results revealed a very high surface water component explained by urbanization of Sete Lagoas, which hampers the recharge of 7.9 hm3 yr−1 of storm water. They also exposed a very large negative difference (−8.3 hm3 yr−1) between groundwater availability (6.3 hm3 yr−1) and current groundwater abstraction from the karst aquifer (14.6 hm3 yr−1), which is in keeping with previously reported water table declines around drilled wells that can reach 48 m in old wells used for public water supply. Artificial recharge of excess surface flow is not recommended within the urban areas, given the high risk of groundwater contamination with metals and hydrocarbons potentially transported in storm water, as well as development of suffosional sinkholes as a consequence of concentrated storm flow. The surface component could however be stored in small dams in forested areas from the catchment headwaters and diverted to the urban area to complement the drinking water supply. The percolation in soil was estimated to be high in areas used for agriculture and pastures. The implementation of correct fertilizing, management, and irrigation practices are considered crucial to attenuate potential contamination of groundwater and suffosional sinkhole development in these areas.
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Abbaszadeh P, Moradkhani H, Daescu DN. The Quest for Model Uncertainty Quantification: A Hybrid Ensemble and Variational Data Assimilation Framework. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2019; 55:2407-2431. [PMID: 31217643 PMCID: PMC6559328 DOI: 10.1029/2018wr023629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a novel approach to couple a deterministic four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) assimilation method with the particle filter (PF) ensemble data assimilation system, to produce a robust approach for dual-state-parameter estimation. In our proposed method, the Hybrid Ensemble and Variational Data Assimilation framework for Environmental systems (HEAVEN), we characterize the model structural uncertainty in addition to model parameter and input uncertainties. The sequential PF is formulated within the 4DVAR system to design a computationally efficient feedback mechanism throughout the assimilation period. In this framework, the 4DVAR optimization produces the maximum a posteriori estimate of state variables at the beginning of the assimilation window without the need to develop the adjoint of the forecast model. The 4DVAR solution is then perturbed by a newly defined prior error covariance matrix to generate an initial condition ensemble for the PF system to provide more accurate and reliable posterior distributions within the same assimilation window. The prior error covariance matrix is updated from one cycle to another over the main assimilation period to account for model structural uncertainty resulting in an improved estimation of posterior distribution. The premise of the presented approach is that it (1) accounts for all sources of uncertainties involved in hydrologic predictions, (2) uses a small ensemble size, and (3) precludes the particle degeneracy and sample impoverishment. The proposed method is applied on a nonlinear hydrologic model and the effectiveness, robustness, and reliability of the method is demonstrated for several river basins across the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Abbaszadeh
- Center for Complex Hydrosystems Research, Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA
| | - Hamid Moradkhani
- Center for Complex Hydrosystems Research, Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA
| | - Dacian N. Daescu
- Fariborz Maseeh Department of Mathematics and StatisticsPortland State UniversityPortlandORUSA
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Multi-Model Approaches for Improving Seasonal Ensemble Streamflow Prediction Scheme with Various Statistical Post-Processing Techniques in the Canadian Prairie Region. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrologic models are an approximation of reality, and thus, are not able to perfectly simulate observed streamflow because of various sources of uncertainty. On the other hand, skillful operational hydrologic forecasts are vital in water resources engineering and management for preparedness against flooding and extreme events. Multi-model techniques can be used to help represent and quantify various uncertainties in forecasting. In this paper, we assess the performance of a Multi-model Seasonal Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (MSESP) scheme coupled with statistical post-processing techniques to issue operational uncertainty for the Manitoba Hydrologic Forecasting Centre (HFC). The Ensemble Streamflow Predictions (ESPs) from WATFLOOD and SWAT hydrologic models were used along with four statistical post-processing techniques: Linear Regression (LR), Quantile Mapping (QM), Quantile Model Averaging (QMA), and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA)]. The quality of MSESP was investigated from April to July with a lead time of three months for the Upper Assiniboine River Basin (UARB) at Kamsack, Canada. While multi-model ESPs coupled with post-processing techniques improve predictability (in general), results suggest that additional avenues for improving the skill and value of seasonal streamflow prediction. Next steps towards an operational ESP system include adding more operationally used models, improving models calibration methods to reduce model bias, increasing ESP sample size, and testing ESP schemes at multiple lead times, which, once developed, will not only help HFCs in Canada but would also help Centers South of the Border.
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Barnhart BL, Golden HE, Kasprzyk JR, Pauer JJ, Jones CE, Sawicz KA, Hoghooghi N, Simon M, McKane RB, Mayer PM, Piscopo AN, Ficklin DL, Halama JJ, Pettus PB, Rashleigh B. Embedding co-production and addressing uncertainty in watershed modeling decision-support tools: successes and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE : WITH ENVIRONMENT DATA NEWS 2018; 109:368-379. [PMID: 30505208 PMCID: PMC6260939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Decision-support tools (DSTs) are often produced from collaborations between technical experts and stakeholders to address environmental problems and inform decision making. Studies in the past two decades have provided key insights on the use of DSTs and the importance of bidirectional information flows among technical experts and stakeholders - a process that is variously referred to as co-production, participatory modeling, structured decision making, or simply stakeholder participation. Many of these studies have elicited foundational insights for the broad field of water resources management; however, questions remain on approaches for balancing co-production with uncertainty specifically for watershed modeling decision support tools. In this paper, we outline a simple conceptual model that focuses on the DST development process. Then, using watershed modeling case studies found in the literature, we discuss successful outcomes and challenges associated with embedding various forms of co-production into each stage of the conceptual model. We also emphasize the "3 Cs" (i.e., characterization, calculation, communication) of uncertainty and provide evidence-based suggestions for their incorporation in the watershed modeling DST development process. We conclude by presenting a list of best practices derived from current literature for achieving effective and robust watershed modeling decision-support tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley L. Barnhart
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division,
Corvallis, Oregon, 97330
| | - Heather E. Golden
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Exposure Research Laboratory, Systems Exposure Division, Cincinnati, Ohio,
45268
| | - Joseph R. Kasprzyk
- University of Colorado Boulder, Civil, Environmental and
Architectural Engineering, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - James J. Pauer
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology
Division, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
| | - Chas E. Jones
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division,
Corvallis, Oregon, 97330
| | - Keith A. Sawicz
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division,
Corvallis, Oregon, 97330
| | - Nahal Hoghooghi
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Exposure Research Laboratory, Systems Exposure Division, Cincinnati, Ohio,
45268
- University of Georgia, School of Environmental, Civil,
Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Michelle Simon
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Risk Management Research Laboratory, Water Supply and Water Resources Division,
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268
| | - Robert B. McKane
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division,
Corvallis, Oregon, 97330
| | - Paul M. Mayer
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division,
Corvallis, Oregon, 97330
| | - Amy N. Piscopo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division,
Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02882
| | - Darren L. Ficklin
- Indiana University, Department of Geography, Bloomington,
Indiana, 47405
| | - Jonathan J. Halama
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division,
Corvallis, Oregon, 97330
| | - Paul B. Pettus
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division,
Corvallis, Oregon, 97330
| | - Brenda Rashleigh
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National
Risk Management Research Laboratory, Water Supply and Water Resources Division,
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268
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Liu C, Zhang Z, Balay JW. Posterior assessment of reference gages for water resources management using instantaneous flow measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:12-19. [PMID: 29626766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reference stream gages are commonly used for a variety of hydrologic studies and water resources management purposes. Reference gage selection methods have been extensively investigated in literature. However, the posterior assessment of reference gages is a long-standing challenge faced by water resources managers. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of using reference gages in estimating low flow conditions at ungaged sites. The proposed assessment method is comprised of three fundamental components including: (1) a field campaign to obtain instantaneous flow measurements at ungaged sites during baseflow conditions; (2) streamflow correlation and streamflow ratio analyses using field measured values at ungaged sites and concurrent reference gage data; and (3) map correlation analysis to identify alternative reference gages for ungaged sites with undesirable flow correlation and flow ratio values. The method was tested using 18 systematically selected reference gages used by the Susquehanna River Basin Commission for regulating water withdrawals and ensuring compliance with passby flow requirements. Streamflow monitoring during baseflow conditions over the course of four consecutive low flow seasons resulted in the collection of ten streamflow measurements for each ungaged site. The streamflow correlation coefficients between streamflow measurements at ungaged sites and concurrent reference gage streamflow data were found to be greater than 0.7 for 17 of the 18 sites. Map correlation analysis was conducted to identify alternative reference gages for three ungaged sites which exhibited high prediction errors or low streamflow correlation. The case study demonstrates that proposed posterior assessment method for evaluating reference gage performance is easy to use with reasonable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Susquehanna River Basin Commission, 4423 N Front St., Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
| | - John Wassil Balay
- Susquehanna River Basin Commission, 4423 N Front St., Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA
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Development of a Regularized Dynamic System Response Curve for Real-Time Flood Forecasting Correction. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Comparison of Bootstrap Confidence Intervals Using Monte Carlo Simulations. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Wang R, Kalin L. Combined and synergistic effects of climate change and urbanization on water quality in the Wolf Bay watershed, southern Alabama. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 64:107-121. [PMID: 29478630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated potential changes in flow, total suspended solid (TSS) and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorous) loadings under future climate change, land use/cover (LULC) change and combined change scenarios in the Wolf Bay watershed, southern Alabama, USA. Four Global Circulation Models (GCMs) under three Special Report Emission Scenarios (SRES) of greenhouse gas were used to assess the future climate change (2016-2040). Three projected LULC maps (2030) were employed to reflect different extents of urbanization in future. The individual, combined and synergistic impacts of LULC and climate change on water quantity/quality were analyzed by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Under the "climate change only" scenario, monthly distribution and projected variation of TSS are expected to follow a pattern similar to streamflow. Nutrients are influenced both by flow and management practices. The variation of Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorous (TP) generally follow the flow trend as well. No evident difference in the N:P ratio was projected. Under the "LULC change only" scenario, TN was projected to decrease, mainly due to the shrinkage of croplands. TP will increase in fall and winter. The N:P ratio shows a strong decreasing potential. Under the "combined change" scenario, LULC and climate change effect were considered simultaneously. Results indicate that if future loadings are expected to increase/decrease under any individual scenario, then the combined change will intensify that trend. Conversely, if their effects are in opposite directions, an offsetting effect occurs. Science-based management practices are needed to reduce nutrient loadings to the Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- Purdue University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 225 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Latif Kalin
- Auburn University, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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43
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Improving Soil Moisture Estimation with a Dual Ensemble Kalman Smoother by Jointly Assimilating AMSR-E Brightness Temperature and MODIS LST. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Brouwer AF, Eisenberg MC, Remais JV, Collender PA, Meza R, Eisenberg JNS. Modeling Biphasic Environmental Decay of Pathogens and Implications for Risk Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2186-2196. [PMID: 28112914 PMCID: PMC5789392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As the appreciation for the importance of the environment in infectious disease transmission has grown, so too has interest in pathogen fate and transport. Fate has been traditionally described by simple exponential decay, but there is increasing recognition that some pathogens demonstrate a biphasic pattern of decay-fast followed by slow. While many have attributed this behavior to population heterogeneity, we demonstrate that biphasic dynamics can arise through a number of plausible mechanisms. We examine the identifiability of a general model encompassing three such mechanisms: population heterogeneity, hardening off, and the existence of viable-but-not-culturable states. Although the models are not fully identifiable from longitudinal sampling studies of pathogen concentrations, we use a differential algebra approach to determine identifiable parameter combinations. Through case studies using Cryptosporidium and Escherichia coli, we show that failure to consider biphasic pathogen dynamics can lead to substantial under- or overestimation of disease risks and pathogen concentrations, depending on the context. More reliable models for environmental hazards and human health risks are possible with an improved understanding of the conditions in which biphasic die-off is expected. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogen decay will ultimately enhance our control efforts to mitigate exposure to environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Brouwer
- Department
of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Marisa C. Eisenberg
- Department
of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Justin V. Remais
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University
of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berekely, California 94720, United States
| | - Philip A. Collender
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University
of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berekely, California 94720, United States
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department
of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
- Department
of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Tao J, Wu D, Gourley J, Zhang SQ, Crow W, Peters-Lidard C, Barros AP. Operational Hydrological Forecasting during the IPHEx-IOP Campaign - Meet the Challenge. JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 2016; 541:434-456. [PMID: 30377386 PMCID: PMC6204264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An operational streamflow forecasting testbed was implemented during the Intense Observing Period (IOP) of the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx-IOP) in May-June 2014 to characterize flood predictability in complex terrain. Specifically, hydrological forecasts were issued daily for 12 headwater catchments in the Southern Appalachians using the Duke Coupled surface-groundwater Hydrology Model (DCHM) forced by hourly atmospheric fields and QPFs (Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts) produced by the NASA-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) model. Previous day hindcasts forced by radar-based QPEs (Quantitative Precipitation Estimates) were used to provide initial conditions for present day forecasts. This manuscript first describes the operational testbed framework and workflow during the IPHEx-IOP including a synthesis of results. Second, various data assimilation approaches are explored a posteriori (post-IOP) to improve operational (flash) flood forecasting. Although all flood events during the IOP were predicted by the IPHEx operational testbed with lead times of up to 6 hours, significant errors of over- and, or under-prediction were identified that could be traced back to the QPFs and subgrid-scale variability of radar QPEs. To improve operational flood prediction, three data-merging strategies were pursued post-IOP: 1) the spatial patterns of QPFs were improved through assimilation of satellite-based microwave radiances into NU-WRF; 2) QPEs were improved by merging raingauge observations with ground-based radar observations using bias-correction methods to produce streamflow hindcasts and associated uncertainty envelope capturing the streamflow observations, and 3) river discharge observations were assimilated into the DCHM to improve streamflow forecasts using the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), the fixed-lag Ensemble Kalman Smoother (EnKS), and the Asynchronous EnKF (i.e. AEnKF) methods. Both flood hindcasts and forecasts were significantly improved by assimilating discharge observations into the DCHM. Specifically, Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) values as high as 0.98, 0.71 and 0.99 at 15-min time-scales were attained for three headwater catchments in the inner mountain region demonstrating that the assimilation of discharge observations at the basin's outlet can reduce the errors and uncertainties in soil moisture at very small scales. Success in operational flood forecasting at lead times of 6, 9, 12 and 15hrs was also achieved through discharge assimilation with NSEs of 0.87, 0.78, 0.72 and 0.51, respectively. Analysis of experiments using various data assimilation system configurations indicates that the optimal assimilation time window depends both on basin properties and storm-specific space-time-structure of rainfall, and therefore adaptive, context-aware, configurations of the data assimilation system are recommended to address the challenges of flood prediction in headwater basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Di Wu
- NASA/GSFC Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD
| | | | - Sara Q. Zhang
- NASA/GSFC Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Applications International Corporation, McLean, VA
| | - Wade Crow
- USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Ana P. Barros
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Ana P. Barros, , Phone: +1 919 660 5539
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Chen L, Wang G, Zhong Y, Shen Z. Evaluating the impacts of soil data on hydrological and nonpoint source pollution prediction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:19-28. [PMID: 27135563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil data are one key input for most hydrological and nonpoint source (H/NPS) models, and quantifying the error transmission from soil data to H/NPS predictions is of great importance. In this study, two typical soil datasets were compared using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in a typical mountainous watershed, the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. Besides, the effects of soil data resolution were evaluated, and the error transmission from soil data to watershed management strategy was assessed. The results indicate that model outputs are not sensitive to changes of soil data resolution but the choice of soil data greatly impacts the application of watershed models, in terms of the goodness-of-fit indicator, predicted data and related uncertainty. This soil data-induced error would be inevitably magnified from the flow simulation to the NPS prediction stage. This study could indicate that the choice of soil data will lead to significant differences in management schemes for specific pollution periods. These results provide information on the impacts of soil data on the functionality of watershed models and valuable information for the appropriateness of each soil database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Guobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yucen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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Nearing GS, Mocko DM, Peters-Lidard CD, Kumar SV, Xia Y. Benchmarking NLDAS-2 Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration to Separate Uncertainty Contributions. JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY 2016; 17:745-759. [PMID: 29697706 PMCID: PMC5911932 DOI: 10.1175/jhm-d-15-0063.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Model benchmarking allows us to separate uncertainty in model predictions caused by model inputs from uncertainty due to model structural error. We extend this method with a "large-sample" approach (using data from multiple field sites) to measure prediction uncertainty caused by errors in (i) forcing data, (ii) model parameters, and (iii) model structure, and use it to compare the efficiency of soil moisture state and evapotranspiration flux predictions made by the four land surface models in the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 (NLDAS-2). Parameters dominated uncertainty in soil moisture estimates and forcing data dominated uncertainty in evapotranspiration estimates; however, the models themselves used only a fraction of the information available to them. This means that there is significant potential to improve all three components of the NLDAS-2 system. In particular, continued work toward refining the parameter maps and look-up tables, the forcing data measurement and processing, and also the land surface models themselves, has potential to result in improved estimates of surface mass and energy balances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grey S Nearing
- NASA GSFC, Hydrological Sciences Laboratory; Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Science Applications International Corporation; McLean, VA 22102
| | - David M Mocko
- NASA GSFC, Hydrological Sciences Laboratory; Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Science Applications International Corporation; McLean, VA 22102
| | | | - Sujay V Kumar
- NASA GSFC, Hydrological Sciences Laboratory; Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Science Applications International Corporation; McLean, VA 22102
| | - Youlong Xia
- NOAA NCEP, Environmental Modeling Center; College Park, MD 20740
- I. M. Systems Group; Rockville, MD 20852
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Tracing Temporal Changes of Model Parameters in Rainfall-Runoff Modeling via a Real-Time Data Assimilation. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Performance and Uncertainty Evaluation of Snow Models on Snowmelt Flow Simulations over a Nordic Catchment (Mistassibi, Canada). HYDROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology2040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Data Assimilation of Satellite Soil Moisture into Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: A Complex Recipe? REMOTE SENSING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/rs70911403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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