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Hong A, Ulrich T, Thomson ES, Trachsel J, Riche F, Murphy JG, Donaldson DJ, Schneebeli M, Ammann M, Bartels-Rausch T. Uptake of Hydrogen Peroxide from the Gas Phase to Grain Boundaries: A Source in Snow and Ice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11626-11633. [PMID: 37497736 PMCID: PMC10413943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a primary atmospheric oxidant significant in terminating gas-phase chemistry and sulfate formation in the condensed phase. Laboratory experiments have shown an unexpected oxidation acceleration by hydrogen peroxide in grain boundaries. While grain boundaries are frequent in natural snow and ice and are known to host impurities, it remains unclear how and to which extent hydrogen peroxide enters this reservoir. We present the first experimental evidence for the diffusive uptake of hydrogen peroxide into grain boundaries directly from the gas phase. We have machined a novel flow reactor system featuring a drilled ice flow tube that allows us to discern the effect of the ice grain boundary content on the uptake. Further, adsorption to the ice surface for temperatures from 235 to 258 K was quantified. Disentangling the contribution of these two uptake processes shows that the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from the atmosphere to snow at temperatures relevant to polar environments is considerably more pronounced than previously thought. Further, diffusive uptake to grain boundaries appears to be a novel mechanism for non-acidic trace gases to fill the highly reactive impurity reservoirs in snow's grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela
C. Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Thomas Ulrich
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen
PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Erik S. Thomson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Jürg Trachsel
- WSL
Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf CH-7260, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Riche
- WSL
Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf CH-7260, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer G. Murphy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - D. James Donaldson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Martin Schneebeli
- WSL
Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf CH-7260, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen
PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Bartels-Rausch
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen
PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
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2
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Zhou Y, West CP, Hettiyadura APS, Pu W, Shi T, Niu X, Wen H, Cui J, Wang X, Laskin A. Molecular Characterization of Water-Soluble Brown Carbon Chromophores in Snowpack from Northern Xinjiang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4173-4186. [PMID: 35287433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports molecular-level characterization of brown carbon (BrC) attributed to water-soluble organic carbon in six snowpack samples collected from northern Xinjiang, China. The molecular composition and light-absorbing properties of BrC chromophores were unraveled by application of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a photodiode array (PDA) detector and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The chromophores were classified into five major types, that is, (1) phenolic/lignin-derivedcompounds, (2) flavonoids, (3) nitroaromatics, (4) oxygenated aromatics, and (5) other chromophores. Identified chromophores account for ∼23-64% of the total light absorption measured by the PDA detector in the wavelength range of 300-370 nm. In the representative samples from urban and remote areas, oxygenated aromatics and nitroaromatics dominate the absorption in the wavelengths below and above 320 nm, respectively. The highly polluted urban sample shows the most complex HPLC-PDA chromatogram, and more other chromophores contribute to the bulk absorption. Phenolic/lignin-derived compounds are the most light-absorbing species in the soil-influenced sample. Chromophores in two remote samples exhibit ultraviolet-visible features distinct from other samples, which are attributed to flavonoids. Identification of individual chromophores and quantitative analysis of their optical properties are helpful for elucidating the roles of BrC in snow radiative balance and photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher P West
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anusha P S Hettiyadura
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wei Pu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tenglong Shi
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiecan Cui
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Photoinduced Oxidation Reactions at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16140-16155. [PMID: 32833454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry on water is a fascinating area of research. The surface of water and the interfaces between water and air or hydrophobic media represent asymmetric environments with unique properties that lead to unexpected solvation effects on chemical and photochemical processes. Indeed, the features of interfacial reactions differ, often drastically, from those of bulk-phase reactions. In this Perspective, we focus on photoinduced oxidation reactions, which have attracted enormous interest in recent years because of their implications in many areas of chemistry, including atmospheric and environmental chemistry, biology, electrochemistry, and solar energy conversion. We have chosen a few representative examples of photoinduced oxidation reactions to focus on in this Perspective. Although most of these examples are taken from the field of atmospheric chemistry, they were selected because of their broad relevance to other areas. First, we outline a series of processes whose photochemistry generates hydroxyl radicals. These OH precursors include reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and sulfur dioxide. Second, we discuss processes involving the photooxidation of organic species, either directly or via photosensitization. The photochemistry of pyruvic acid and fatty acid, two examples that demonstrate the complexity and versatility of this kind of chemistry, is described. Finally, we discuss the physicochemical factors that can be invoked to explain the kinetics and thermodynamics of photoinduced oxidation reactions at aqueous interfaces and analyze a number of challenges that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-631, United States
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Malley PPA, Grossman JN, Kahan TF. Effects of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter on Anthracene Photolysis Kinetics in Aqueous Solution and Ice. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7619-7626. [PMID: 28902519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We measured photolysis kinetics of the PAH anthracene in aqueous solution, in bulk ice, and at ice surfaces in the presence and absence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Self-association, which occurs readily at ice surfaces, may be responsible for the faster anthracene photolysis observed there. Photolysis rate constants in liquid water increased under conditions where anthracene self-association was observed. Concomitantly, kinetics changed from first-order to second-order, indicating that the photolysis mechanism at ice surfaces might be different than that in aqueous solution. Other factors that could lead to faster photolysis at ice surfaces were also investigated. Increased photon fluxes due to scattering in the ice samples can account for at most 20% of the observed rate increase, and other factors including singlet oxygen (1O2*) production and changes in pH and polarity were determined not to be responsible for the faster photolysis. CDOM (in the form of fulvic acid (FA)) did not affect anthracene photolysis kinetics in aqueous solution but suppressed photolysis in ice cubes and ice granules (by 30% and 56%, respectively). This was primarily due to competitive photon absorption (the inner filter effect). Freeze-concentration (or "salting out") appears to slightly increase the suppressing effects of FA on anthracene photolysis. This may be due to increased competitive photon absorption or to physical interactions between anthracene and FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P A Malley
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Jarod N Grossman
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Tara F Kahan
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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George C, Ammann M, D’Anna B, Donaldson DJ, Nizkorodov S. Heterogeneous photochemistry in the atmosphere. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4218-58. [PMID: 25775235 PMCID: PMC4772778 DOI: 10.1021/cr500648z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian George
- Université
de Lyon 1, Lyon F-69626, France
- CNRS, UMR5256,
IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et
l’Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Barbara D’Anna
- Université
de Lyon 1, Lyon F-69626, France
- CNRS, UMR5256,
IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et
l’Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - D. J. Donaldson
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sergey
A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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6
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Bower JP, Anastasio C. Degradation of organic pollutants in/on snow and ice by singlet molecular oxygen (¹O₂*) and an organic triplet excited state. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:748-756. [PMID: 24487942 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00565h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Singlet molecular oxygen (¹O₂*) can be a significant sink for a variety of electron-rich pollutants in surface waters and atmospheric drops. We recently found that ¹O₂* concentrations are enhanced by up to a factor of 10(4) on illuminated ice compared to in the equivalent liquid solution, suggesting that ¹O₂* could be an important oxidant for pollutants in snow. To examine this, here we study the degradation of three model organic pollutants: furfuryl alcohol (to represent furans), tryptophan (for aromatic amino acids), and bisphenol A (for phenols). Each compound was studied in illuminated aqueous solution and ice containing Rose Bengal (RB, a sensitizer for ¹O₂*) and sodium chloride (to adjust the concentration of total solutes). The RB-mediated loss of each organic compound is enhanced on illuminated ice compared to in solution, by factors of 6400 for furfuryl alcohol, 8300 for tryptophan, and 50 for bisphenol A for ice containing 0.065 mM total solutes. Rates of loss of furfuryl alcohol and tryptophan decrease at a higher total solute concentration, in qualitative agreement with predictions from freezing-point depression. In contrast, the loss of bisphenol A on ice is independent of total solute concentration. Relative to liquid tests, the enhanced loss of tryptophan on ice during control experiments made with deoxygenated solutions and solutions in D₂O show that the triplet excited state of Rose Bengal may also contribute to loss of pollutants on ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Bower
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Domine F, Bock J, Voisin D, Donaldson DJ. Can We Model Snow Photochemistry? Problems with the Current Approaches. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4733-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Domine
- Takuvik Joint International
Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) and CNRS (France), Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, 1045 Avenue de
La Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon,
1045 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Josué Bock
- Université Joseph Fourier−Grenoble
1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, UMR 5183, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - Didier Voisin
- Université Joseph Fourier−Grenoble
1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, UMR 5183, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - D. J. Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, and Department of Physical and
Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Páscoa RN, Tóth IV, Rangel AO. Review on recent applications of the liquid waveguide capillary cell in flow based analysis techniques to enhance the sensitivity of spectroscopic detection methods. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 739:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Voisin D, Jaffrezo JL, Houdier S, Barret M, Cozic J, King MD, France JL, Reay HJ, Grannas A, Kos G, Ariya PA, Beine HJ, Domine F. Carbonaceous species and humic like substances (HULIS) in Arctic snowpack during OASIS field campaign in Barrow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Gao SS, Sjostedt SJ, Sharma S, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Abbatt JPD. PTR-MS observations of photo-enhanced VOC release from Arctic and midlatitude snow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Beine H, Anastasio C, Domine F, Douglas T, Barret M, France J, King M, Hall S, Ullmann K. Soluble chromophores in marine snow, seawater, sea ice and frost flowers near Barrow, Alaska. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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France JL, Reay HJ, King MD, Voisin D, Jacobi HW, Domine F, Beine H, Anastasio C, MacArthur A, Lee-Taylor J. Hydroxyl radical and NOxproduction rates, black carbon concentrations and light-absorbing impurities in snow from field measurements of light penetration and nadir reflectivity of onshore and offshore coastal Alaskan snow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Domine F, Gallet JC, Barret M, Houdier S, Voisin D, Douglas TA, Blum JD, Beine HJ, Anastasio C, Bréon FM. The specific surface area and chemical composition of diamond dust near Barrow, Alaska. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Beine H, Anastasio C, Esposito G, Patten K, Wilkening E, Domine F, Voisin D, Barret M, Houdier S, Hall S. Soluble, light-absorbing species in snow at Barrow, Alaska. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Barret M, Domine F, Houdier S, Gallet JC, Weibring P, Walega J, Fried A, Richter D. Formaldehyde in the Alaskan Arctic snowpack: Partitioning and physical processes involved in air-snow exchanges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Bock J, Jacobi HW. Development of a Mechanism for Nitrate Photochemistry in Snow. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:1790-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josué Bock
- Université Joseph Fourier — Grenoble 1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, Grenoble, 54 Rue Molière, 38402 St. Martin d’Hères, France
| | - Hans-Werner Jacobi
- Université Joseph Fourier — Grenoble 1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, Grenoble, 54 Rue Molière, 38402 St. Martin d’Hères, France
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18
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Rincón AG, Guzmán MI, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Optical Absorptivity versus Molecular Composition of Model Organic Aerosol Matter. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10512-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904644n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela G. Rincón
- W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - Marcelo I. Guzmán
- W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - M. R. Hoffmann
- W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - A. J. Colussi
- W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
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