1
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Ulrich T, Riedel M, Pruessmann KP. Servo navigators: Linear regression and feedback control for rigid-body motion correction. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1876-1892. [PMID: 38234052 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Navigator-based correction of rigid-body motion reconciling high precision with minimal acquisition, minimal calibration and simple, fast processing. METHODS A short orbital navigator (2.3 ms) is inserted in a three-dimensional (3D) gradient echo sequence for human head imaging. Head rotation and translation are determined by linear regression based on a complex-valued model built either from three reference navigators or in a reference-less fashion, from the first actual navigator. Optionally, the model is expanded by global phase and field offset. Run-time scan correction on this basis establishes servo control that maintains validity of the linear picture by keeping its expansion point stable in the head frame of reference. The technique is assessed in a phantom and demonstrated by motion-corrected imaging in vivo. RESULTS The proposed approach is found to establish stable motion control both with and without reference acquisition. In a phantom, it is shown to accurately detect motion mimicked by rotation of scan geometry as well as change in global B0 . It is demonstrated to converge to accurate motion estimates after perturbation well beyond the linear signal range. In vivo, servo navigation achieved motion detection with precision in the single-digit range of micrometers and millidegrees. Involuntary and intentional motion in the range of several millimeters were successfully corrected, achieving excellent image quality. CONCLUSION The combination of linear regression and feedback control enables prospective motion correction for head imaging with high precision and accuracy, short navigator readouts, fast run-time computation, and minimal demand for reference data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ulrich
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malte Riedel
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Jia Z, Jin Z, Marchandon M, Ulrich T, Gabriel AA, Fan W, Shearer P, Zou X, Rekoske J, Bulut F, Garagon A, Fialko Y. The complex dynamics of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, Mw 7.8-7.7 earthquake doublet. Science 2023; 381:985-990. [PMID: 37535759 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The destructive 2023 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8-7.7 earthquake doublet ruptured multiple segments of the East Anatolian Fault system in Turkey. We integrated multiscale seismic and space-geodetic observations with multifault kinematic inversions and dynamic rupture modeling to unravel the events' complex rupture history and stress-mediated fault interactions. Our analysis reveals three subshear slip episodes during the initial Mw 7.8 earthquake with a delayed rupture initiation to the southwest. The Mw 7.7 event occurred 9 hours later with a larger slip and supershear rupture on its western branch. Mechanically consistent dynamic models accounting for fault interactions can explain the unexpected rupture paths and require a heterogeneous background stress. Our results highlight the importance of combining near- and far-field observations with data-driven and physics-based models for seismic hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zeyu Jin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mathilde Marchandon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulrich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alice-Agnes Gabriel
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Wenyuan Fan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter Shearer
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zou
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John Rekoske
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fatih Bulut
- Geodesy Department, Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Aslı Garagon
- Geodesy Department, Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Yuri Fialko
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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3
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Hong A, Ulrich T, Thomson ES, Trachsel J, Riche F, Murphy JG, Donaldson DJ, Schneebeli M, Ammann M, Bartels-Rausch T. Uptake of Hydrogen Peroxide from the Gas Phase to Grain Boundaries: A Source in Snow and Ice. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:11626-11633. [PMID: 37497736 PMCID: PMC10413943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a primary atmospheric oxidant significant in terminating gas-phase chemistry and sulfate formation in the condensed phase. Laboratory experiments have shown an unexpected oxidation acceleration by hydrogen peroxide in grain boundaries. While grain boundaries are frequent in natural snow and ice and are known to host impurities, it remains unclear how and to which extent hydrogen peroxide enters this reservoir. We present the first experimental evidence for the diffusive uptake of hydrogen peroxide into grain boundaries directly from the gas phase. We have machined a novel flow reactor system featuring a drilled ice flow tube that allows us to discern the effect of the ice grain boundary content on the uptake. Further, adsorption to the ice surface for temperatures from 235 to 258 K was quantified. Disentangling the contribution of these two uptake processes shows that the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from the atmosphere to snow at temperatures relevant to polar environments is considerably more pronounced than previously thought. Further, diffusive uptake to grain boundaries appears to be a novel mechanism for non-acidic trace gases to fill the highly reactive impurity reservoirs in snow's grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela
C. Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Thomas Ulrich
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen
PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Erik S. Thomson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Jürg Trachsel
- WSL
Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf CH-7260, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Riche
- WSL
Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf CH-7260, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer G. Murphy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - D. James Donaldson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Martin Schneebeli
- WSL
Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf CH-7260, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen
PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Bartels-Rausch
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen
PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
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Taufiqurrahman T, Gabriel AA, Li D, Ulrich T, Li B, Carena S, Verdecchia A, Gallovič F. Dynamics, interactions and delays of the 2019 Ridgecrest rupture sequence. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-05985-x. [PMID: 37225989 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The observational difficulties and the complexity of earthquake physics have rendered seismic hazard assessment largely empirical. Despite increasingly high-quality geodetic, seismic and field observations, data-driven earthquake imaging yields stark differences and physics-based models explaining all observed dynamic complexities are elusive. Here we present data-assimilated three-dimensional dynamic rupture models of California's biggest earthquakes in more than 20 years: the moment magnitude (Mw) 6.4 Searles Valley and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest sequence, which ruptured multiple segments of a non-vertical quasi-orthogonal conjugate fault system1. Our models use supercomputing to find the link between the two earthquakes. We explain strong-motion, teleseismic, field mapping, high-rate global positioning system and space geodetic datasets with earthquake physics. We find that regional structure, ambient long- and short-term stress, and dynamic and static fault system interactions driven by overpressurized fluids and low dynamic friction are conjointly crucial to understand the dynamics and delays of the sequence. We demonstrate that a joint physics-based and data-driven approach can be used to determine the mechanics of complex fault systems and earthquake sequences when reconciling dense earthquake recordings, three-dimensional regional structure and stress models. We foresee that physics-based interpretation of big observational datasets will have a transformative impact on future geohazard mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Taufiqurrahman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alice-Agnes Gabriel
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulrich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Carena
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Verdecchia
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - František Gallovič
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Biemiller J, Gabriel AA, Ulrich T. Dueling dynamics of low-angle normal fault rupture with splay faulting and off-fault damage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2352. [PMID: 37095083 PMCID: PMC10126135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a lack of modern large earthquakes on shallowly dipping normal faults, Holocene Mw > 7 low-angle normal fault (LANF; dip<30°) ruptures are preserved paleoseismically and inferred from historical earthquake and tsunami accounts. Even in well-recorded megathrust earthquakes, the effects of non-linear off-fault plasticity and dynamically reactivated splay faults on shallow deformation and surface displacements, and thus hazard, remain elusive. We develop data-constrained 3D dynamic rupture models of the active Mai'iu LANF that highlight how multiple dynamic shallow deformation mechanisms compete during large LANF earthquakes. We show that shallowly-dipping synthetic splays host more coseismic slip and limit shallow LANF rupture more than steeper antithetic splays. Inelastic hanging-wall yielding localizes into subplanar shear bands indicative of newly initiated splay faults, most prominently above LANFs with thick sedimentary basins. Dynamic splay faulting and sediment failure limit shallow LANF rupture, modulating coseismic subsidence patterns, near-shore slip velocities, and the seismic and tsunami hazards posed by LANF earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Biemiller
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- United States Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - A-A Gabriel
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - T Ulrich
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Poresky C, Alivisatos C, Kendrick J, Peterson PF, Lew R, Ulrich T, Boring RL. Advanced Reactor Control and Operations (ARCO): A University Research Facility for Developing Optimized Digital Control Rooms. NUCL TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2022.2092366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Poresky
- University of California, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Berkeley, California
| | - Clara Alivisatos
- University of California, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Berkeley, California
| | - James Kendrick
- University of California, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Berkeley, California
| | - Per F. Peterson
- University of California, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Berkeley, California
| | - Roger Lew
- University of Idaho, Department of Virtual Technology and Design, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Thomas Ulrich
- Idaho National Laboratory, Human Factors and Statistics, Idaho Falls, Idaho
| | - Ronald L. Boring
- Idaho National Laboratory, Human Factors and Statistics, Idaho Falls, Idaho
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7
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Ramos MD, Huang Y, Ulrich T, Li D, Gabriel A, Thomas AM. Assessing Margin-Wide Rupture Behaviors Along the Cascadia Megathrust With 3-D Dynamic Rupture Simulations. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 2021; 126:e2021JB022005. [PMID: 35865234 PMCID: PMC9286588 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb022005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
From California to British Columbia, the Pacific Northwest coast bears an omnipresent earthquake and tsunami hazard from the Cascadia subduction zone. Multiple lines of evidence suggests that magnitude eight and greater megathrust earthquakes have occurred - the most recent being 321 years ago (i.e., 1700 A.D.). Outstanding questions for the next great megathrust event include where it will initiate, what conditions are favorable for rupture to span the convergent margin, and how much slip may be expected. We develop the first 3-D fully dynamic rupture simulations for the Cascadia subduction zone that are driven by fault stress, strength and friction to address these questions. The initial dynamic stress drop distribution in our simulations is constrained by geodetic coupling models, with segment locations taken from geologic analyses. We document the sensitivity of nucleation location and stress drop to the final seismic moment and coseismic subsidence amplitudes. We find that the final earthquake size strongly depends on the amount of slip deficit in the central Cascadia region, which is inferred to be creeping interseismically, for a given initiation location in southern or northern Cascadia. Several simulations are also presented here that can closely approximate recorded coastal subsidence from the 1700 A.D. event without invoking localized high-stress asperities along the down-dip locked region of the megathrust. These results can be used to inform earthquake and tsunami hazards for not only Cascadia, but other subduction zones that have limited seismic observations but a wealth of geodetic inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon D. Ramos
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Yihe Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Thomas Ulrich
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunchenGermany
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunchenGermany
| | - Alice‐Agnes Gabriel
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunchenGermany
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary PhysicsScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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8
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Sewerin P, Abrar D, Nebelung S, Frenken M, Ulrich T, Radke KL, Antoch G, Vordenbäumen S, Brinks R, Schneider M, Ostendorf B, Schleich C. OP0182 PROTEOGLYCAN LOSS IN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH JOINT INFLAMMATION SEVERITY IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS – A COMPOSITIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Even though cartilage loss is a known feature of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), little is known about its role in the pathogenesis of PsA. Using delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) as a non-invasive marker of the tissue’s proteoglycan content, such early (i.e. pre-morphological) changes have been associated with inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Yet, this association has not been studied before in PsA.Objectives:Is the severity of local joint inflammation associated to local proteoglycan loss in PsA patients?Methods:Metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of 17 patients with active PsA were evaluated by high-resolution clinical standard morphological and dGEMRIC sequences using a 3T MRI scanner (Magnetom Skyra, Siemens) and a dedicated 16-channel hand coil. Images were analyzed by two independent raters for dGEMRIC indices, PsA MRI scores (PsAMRIS) and total cartilage thickness (TCT). Kendall-Tau correlation coefficients (τ) were calculated.Results:We found significant negative correlations between dGEMRIC indices and total PsAMRIS (τ = -0.5, p= 0.012), synovitis (τ = -0.56, p= 0.006), flexor tenosynovitis (τ = -0.4, p= 0.049), and periarticular inflammation (τ = -0.72, p< 0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between TCT and dGEMRIC indices in all joint levels (τ = 0.43, p<0.001). No significant correlations were determined between dGEMRIC indices and bone erosion, bone edema or bone proliferation.Conclusion:In PsA, proteoglycan loss as assessed by dGEMRIC is associated with periarticular inflammation, synovitis, and flexor tenosynovitis, but not with bone erosion or proliferation, thereby highlighting the need for effective anti-inflammatory treatment regimes. Beyond morphology, advanced MRI techniques may be used to assess cartilage composition in PsA and to identify early changes in cartilage as an imaging biomarker with potential application in detection and monitoring of PsA.Figure 1Right hand of a 26-year-old male with psoriatic arthritis Coronal STIR image (A) of digits 1-5, transversal fat-saturated (fs) T2-weighted image of digits 2-4 (B) and the corresponding transversal fs contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image (C) at the distal portion of the proximal phalanges. Horizontal white bar in (A) indicates level of transversal slices (B) & (C). Sagittal fs Proton Density-weighted image of the third digit (D). A: Increased signal at the collateral ligaments and synovitis of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the third digit (white arrow). Periarticular inflammation around the PIP joint and the body of the proximal phalanx of the third digit (arrowhead). B & C: Extensive flexor tenosynovitis (asterix) and periarticular inflammation in the subcutaneous tissues (arrowhead) alongside thickened flexor tendon pulleys (arrow). D & E: Representative sagittal T1-weighted images of the MCP, PIP and DIP joint of the 3rd digit. Following iv contrast administration and appropriate delay of 40 min, A gives the morphological T1 map, while B gives the corresponding parameter map with dGEMRIC values [ms] overlaid. Note the significant decrease in dGEMRIC indices of the PIP joint as compared to the MCP joint.Disclosure of Interests:Philipp Sewerin Grant/research support from: AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KGBristol-Myers Squibb Celgene GmbHLilly Deutschland GmbHNovartis Pharma GmbH Pfizer Deutschland GmbHRheumazentrum Rhein-Ruhr, Consultant of: AMGEN GmbH AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Biogen GmbHBristol-Myers Squibb Celgene GmbH Chugai Pharma arketing Ltd. / Chugai Europe GmbHHexal Pharma Janssen-CilagGmbH Johnson & Johnson Deutschland GmbHLilly Deutschland GmbH / Lilly Europe / Lilly Global Novartis Pharma GmbH Pfizer Deutschland GmbH Roche Pharma Rheumazentrum Rhein-Ruhr Sanofi-Genzyme Deutschland GmbH Swedish Orphan Biovitrum GmbH UCB Pharma GmbH, Speakers bureau: AMGEN GmbH AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Biogen GmbHBristol-Myers Squibb Celgene GmbH Chugai Pharma arketing Ltd. / Chugai Europe GmbHHexal Pharma Janssen-CilagGmbH Johnson & Johnson Deutschland GmbHLilly Deutschland GmbH / Lilly Europe / Lilly Global Novartis Pharma GmbH Pfizer Deutschland GmbH Roche Pharma Rheumazentrum Rhein-Ruhr Sanofi-Genzyme Deutschland GmbH Swedish Orphan Biovitrum GmbH UCB Pharma GmbH, Daniel Abrar: None declared, Sven Nebelung: None declared, Miriam Frenken: None declared, Tim Ulrich: None declared, Karl Ludger Radke: None declared, Gerald Antoch: None declared, Stefan Vordenbäumen: None declared, Ralph Brinks: None declared, Matthias Schneider Grant/research support from: GSK, UCB, Abbvie, Consultant of: Abbvie, Alexion, Astra Zeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, Lilly, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, BMS, Chugai, GSK, Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, Benedikt Ostendorf: None declared, Christoph Schleich: None declared
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Ulrich T, Gabriel AA, Ampuero JP, Xu W. Dynamic viability of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake cascade on weak crustal faults. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1213. [PMID: 30872591 PMCID: PMC6418120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a dynamic rupture model of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake to unravel the event's riddles in a physics-based manner and provide insight on the mechanical viability of competing hypotheses proposed to explain them. Our model reproduces key characteristics of the event and constraints puzzling features inferred from high-quality observations including a large gap separating surface rupture traces, the possibility of significant slip on the subduction interface, the non-rupture of the Hope fault, and slow apparent rupture speed. We show that the observed rupture cascade is dynamically consistent with regional stress estimates and a crustal fault network geometry inferred from seismic and geodetic data. We propose that the complex fault system operates at low apparent friction thanks to the combined effects of overpressurized fluids, low dynamic friction and stress concentrations induced by deep fault creep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ulrich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80333, München, Germany.
| | - Alice-Agnes Gabriel
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Ampuero
- Géoazur, Université Côte d'Azur, IRD, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, 06560, Valbonne, France.,Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125-2100, USA
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Casadei N, Sood P, Ulrich T, Fallier-Becker P, Kieper N, Helling S, May C, Glaab E, Chen J, Nuber S, Wolburg H, Marcus K, Rapaport D, Ott T, Riess O, Krüger R, Fitzgerald JC. Mitochondrial defects and neurodegeneration in mice overexpressing wild-type or G399S mutant HtrA2. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:5513. [PMID: 28031291 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Poonam Sood
- Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,The German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulrich
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse. 4, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petra Fallier-Becker
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Kieper
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,The German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Helling
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, Germany
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 av. des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-surAlzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jing Chen
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, Germany
| | - Silke Nuber
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, Germany
| | - Doron Rapaport
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse. 4, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ott
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Core Facility Transgenic Animals, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,The German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 av. des Hauts Fourneaux, Esch-surAlzette, Luxembourg
| | - Julia C Fitzgerald
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany.,The German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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Pfitzner AK, Steblau N, Ulrich T, Oberhettinger P, Autenrieth IB, Schütz M, Rapaport D. Mitochondrial-bacterial hybrids of BamA/Tob55 suggest variable requirements for the membrane integration of β-barrel proteins. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39053. [PMID: 27982054 PMCID: PMC5159795 DOI: 10.1038/srep39053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Barrel proteins are found in the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria. The assembly of these proteins into the corresponding OM is facilitated by a dedicated protein complex that contains a central conserved β-barrel protein termed BamA in bacteria and Tob55/Sam50 in mitochondria. BamA and Tob55 consist of a membrane-integral C-terminal domain that forms a β-barrel pore and a soluble N-terminal portion comprised of one (in Tob55) or five (in BamA) polypeptide transport-associated (POTRA) domains. Currently the functional significance of this difference and whether the homology between BamA and Tob55 can allow them to replace each other are unclear. To address these issues we constructed hybrid Tob55/BamA proteins with differently configured N-terminal POTRA domains. We observed that constructs harboring a heterologous C-terminal domain could not functionally replace the bacterial BamA or the mitochondrial Tob55 demonstrating species-specific requirements. Interestingly, the various hybrid proteins in combination with the bacterial chaperones Skp or SurA supported to a variable extent the assembly of bacterial β-barrel proteins into the mitochondrial OM. Collectively, our findings suggest that the membrane assembly of various β-barrel proteins depends to a different extent on POTRA domains and periplasmic chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadja Steblau
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulrich
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Oberhettinger
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo B Autenrieth
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Schütz
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doron Rapaport
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Krisztina J, Sonja SF, Corina B, Nadine B, Ulrich T, Leo D, Elena D, Matthias B, Michael G, Andrea B, Niels F. Combined impedance and extracellular field potential recordings on iPS cardiomyocytes. Front Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2016.93.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Casadei N, Sood P, Ulrich T, Fallier-Becker P, Kieper N, Helling S, May C, Glaab E, Chen J, Nuber S, Marcus K, Rapaport D, Ott T, Riess O, Krüger R, Fitzgerald JC. Mitochondrial defects and neurodegeneration in mice overexpressing wild-type or G399S mutant HtrA2. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:459-71. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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14
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Ulrich T, Oberhettinger P, Autenrieth IB, Rapaport D. Yeast Mitochondria as a Model System to Study the Biogenesis of Bacterial β-Barrel Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1329:17-31. [PMID: 26427673 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2871-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Beta-barrel proteins are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. The evolutionary conservation in the biogenesis of these proteins allows mitochondria to assemble bacterial β-barrel proteins in their functional form. In this chapter, we describe exemplarily how the capacity of yeast mitochondria to process the trimeric autotransporter YadA can be used to study the role of bacterial periplasmic chaperones in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ulrich
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Philipp Oberhettinger
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Ingo B Autenrieth
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Doron Rapaport
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
The vast majority of outer membrane (OM) proteins in Gram-negative bacteria belongs to the class of membrane-embedded β-barrel proteins. Besides Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of β-barrel proteins is restricted to the OM of the eukaryotic organelles mitochondria and chloroplasts that were derived from prokaryotic ancestors. The assembly of these proteins into the corresponding OM is in each case facilitated by a dedicated protein complex that contains a highly conserved central β-barrel protein termed BamA/YaeT/Omp85 in Gram-negative bacteria and Tob55/Sam50 in mitochondria. However, little is known about the exact mechanism by which these complexes mediate the integration of β-barrel precursors into the lipid bilayer. Interestingly, previous studies showed that during evolution, these complexes retained the ability to functionally assemble β-barrel proteins from different origins. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the biogenesis pathway of β-barrel proteins in Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts and focus on the commonalities and divergences that evolved between the different β-barrel assembly machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ulrich
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doron Rapaport
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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16
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Ulrich T, Oberhettinger P, Schütz M, Holzer K, Ramms AS, Linke D, Autenrieth IB, Rapaport D. Evolutionary conservation in biogenesis of β-barrel proteins allows mitochondria to assemble a functional bacterial trimeric autotransporter protein. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29457-70. [PMID: 25190806 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) belongs to a class of bacterial adhesins that form trimeric structures. Their mature form contains a passenger domain and a C-terminal β-domain that anchors the protein in the outer membrane (OM). Little is known about how precursors of such proteins cross the periplasm and assemble into the OM. In the present study we took advantage of the evolutionary conservation in the biogenesis of β-barrel proteins between bacteria and mitochondria. We previously observed that upon expression in yeast cells, bacterial β-barrel proteins including the transmembrane domain of YadA assemble into the mitochondrial OM. In the current study we found that when expressed in yeast cells both the monomeric and trimeric forms of full-length YadA were detected in mitochondria but only the trimeric species was fully integrated into the OM. The oligomeric form was exposed on the surface of the organelle in its native conformation and maintained its capacity to adhere to host cells. The co-expression of YadA with a mitochondria-targeted form of the bacterial periplasmic chaperone Skp, but not with SurA or SecB, resulted in enhanced levels of both forms of YadA. Taken together, these results indicate that the proper assembly of trimeric autotransporter can occur also in a system lacking the lipoproteins of the BAM machinery and is specifically enhanced by the chaperone Skp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ulrich
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Oberhettinger
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Monika Schütz
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Katharina Holzer
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne S Ramms
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo B Autenrieth
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Doron Rapaport
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany,
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17
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Barton BK, Lew R, Kovesdi C, Cottrell ND, Ulrich T. Developmental differences in auditory detection and localization of approaching vehicles. Accid Anal Prev 2013; 53:1-8. [PMID: 23357030 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pedestrian safety is a significant problem in the United States, with thousands being injured each year. Multiple risk factors exist, but one poorly understood factor is pedestrians' ability to attend to vehicles using auditory cues. Auditory information in the pedestrian setting is increasing in importance with the growing number of quieter hybrid and all-electric vehicles on America's roadways that do not emit sound cues pedestrians expect from an approaching vehicle. Our study explored developmental differences in pedestrians' detection and localization of approaching vehicles. Fifty children ages 6-9 years, and 35 adults participated. Participants' performance varied significantly by age, and with increasing speed and direction of the vehicle's approach. Results underscore the importance of understanding children's and adults' use of auditory cues for pedestrian safety and highlight the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Barton
- Department of Psychology and Communication Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-3043, United States.
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18
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Schulze M, Scharnweber C, Janke E, Leitmeier V, Ulrich T, Frieling H, Hillemacher T, Wolf KH, Haux R, Bleich S, Marschollek M. An Interdisciplinary Workshop to Identify Alcohol Craving Based on Psychophysiological Sensor Data. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-I/bmt-2013-4222/bmt-2013-4222.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Ulrich T, Gross LE, Sommer MS, Schleiff E, Rapaport D. Chloroplast β-barrel proteins are assembled into the mitochondrial outer membrane in a process that depends on the TOM and TOB complexes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27467-79. [PMID: 22745120 PMCID: PMC3431683 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.382093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-embedded β-barrel proteins are found in the outer membranes (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. In eukaryotic cells, precursors of these proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and have to be sorted to their corresponding organelle. Currently, the signal that ensures their specific targeting to either mitochondria or chloroplasts is ill-defined. To address this issue, we studied targeting of the chloroplast β-barrel proteins Oep37 and Oep24. We found that both proteins can be integrated in vitro into isolated plant mitochondria. Furthermore, upon their expression in yeast cells Oep37 and Oep24 were exclusively located in the mitochondrial OM. Oep37 partially complemented the growth phenotype of yeast cells lacking Porin, the general metabolite transporter of this membrane. Similarly to mitochondrial β-barrel proteins, Oep37 and Oep24 expressed in yeast cells were assembled into the mitochondrial OM in a pathway dependent on the TOM and TOB complexes. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the central mitochondrial components that mediate the import of yeast β-barrel proteins can deal with precursors of chloroplast β-barrel proteins. This implies that the mitochondrial import machinery does not recognize signals that are unique to mitochondrial β-barrel proteins. Our results further suggest that dedicated targeting factors had to evolve in plant cells to prevent mis-sorting of chloroplast β-barrel proteins to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ulrich
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen and
| | - Lucia E. Gross
- the Centre of Membrane Proteomics and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt, Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maik S. Sommer
- the Centre of Membrane Proteomics and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt, Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- the Centre of Membrane Proteomics and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt, Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Doron Rapaport
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen and
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Rabe S, Nachtegaal M, Ulrich T, Vogel F. Berichtigung: Zum Verständnis der katalytischen Reformierung von Biomasse in überkritischem Wasser. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Rabe S, Nachtegaal M, Ulrich T, Vogel F. Corrigendum: Towards Understanding the Catalytic Reforming of Biomass in Supercritical Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thousands of American children under the age of 10 years are injured annually as pedestrians. Despite the scope of this public health problem, knowledge about behavioural control and developmental factors involved in the aetiology of child pedestrian safety is limited. The present study examined the roles of gender, age and two aspects of cognitive development (visual search and efficiency of processing) in children's safe pedestrian route selection. METHODS Measures of cognitive functioning (visual search and efficiency) and selections of risky pedestrian routes were collected from 65 children aged 5-9 years. RESULTS Boys, younger children and those with less developed cognitive functioning selected riskier pedestrian routes. Cognitive functioning also subsumed age as a predictor of risky route selections. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest developmental differences, specifically less developed cognitive functioning, play important roles in children's pedestrian decision making. Directions for future examination are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Barton
- Department of Psychology and Communication Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3043, USA.
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Hauser S, Ulrich T, Wurster S, Schmitt K, Reichert N, Gaubatz S. Loss of LIN9, a member of the DREAM complex, cooperates with SV40 large T antigen to induce genomic instability and anchorage-independent growth. Oncogene 2011; 31:1859-68. [PMID: 21860417 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The DREAM complex is an important regulator of mitotic gene expression during the cell cycle. Here we report that inactivation of LIN9, a subunit of DREAM, results in premature senescence, which can be overcome by the SV40 large T (LT) antigen. Together with the observation that p16(INK4a) and p21(Waf1) are upregulated upon loss of LIN9, these results indicate that senescence is triggered by the pRB and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. We also find that LIN9-null cells that escape senescence are chromosomally instable because of compromised mitotic fidelity. SV40 LT-expressing cells that adapt to the loss of LIN9 can grow anchorage-independently in soft agar, a hallmark of oncogenic transformation. Taken together, these results suggest an important role of mitotic gene regulation in the maintenance of genomic stability and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hauser
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
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Müller JEN, Papic D, Ulrich T, Grin I, Schütz M, Oberhettinger P, Tommassen J, Linke D, Dimmer KS, Autenrieth IB, Rapaport D. Mitochondria can recognize and assemble fragments of a beta-barrel structure. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1638-47. [PMID: 21460184 PMCID: PMC3093317 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-12-0943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal that directs newly synthesized mitochondrial β-barrel proteins from the cytosol to the organelle is poorly defined. The findings of this study demonstrate that, rather than a linear sequence, the structural information in four β-strands is sufficient for the mitochondria to recognize and assemble β-barrel protein. β-barrel proteins are found in the outer membranes of eukaryotic organelles of endosymbiotic origin as well as in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Precursors of mitochondrial β-barrel proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and have to be targeted to the organelle. Currently, the signal that assures their specific targeting to mitochondria is poorly defined. To characterize the structural features needed for specific mitochondrial targeting and to test whether a full β-barrel structure is required, we expressed in yeast cells the β-barrel domain of the trimeric autotransporter Yersinia adhesin A (YadA). Trimeric autotransporters are found only in prokaryotes, where they are anchored to the outer membrane by a single 12-stranded β-barrel structure to which each monomer is contributing four β-strands. Importantly, we found that YadA is solely localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane, where it exists in a native trimeric conformation. These findings demonstrate that, rather than a linear sequence or a complete β-barrel structure, four β-strands are sufficient for the mitochondria to recognize and assemble a β-barrel protein. Remarkably, the evolutionary origin of mitochondria from bacteria enables them to import and assemble even proteins belonging to a class that is absent in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas E N Müller
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
Abstract
Radioactively labeled trace gases have been successfully used to study heterogeneous chemistry of atmospheric relevance. Here we present a new synthesis of gas-phase peroxynitric acid labeled with 13N (H13NO4) to study the interaction of HNO4 with ice and snow surfaces. A yield of about 30% for HNO4 was determined. The main by-products were HNO3 and HNO2. Exposure of an ice packed bed flow tube to these species revealed that the interaction with the surface scale in the order HNO3ߙ>ߙHNO4ߙ=ߙHNO2ߙ>ߙNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Ulrich
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Che, Villigen PSI, Schweiz
| | - Thomas Huthwelker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory of Radiochemistry and, 5232 Villigen PSI, Schweiz
| | - Markus Ammann
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory of Radiochemistry, 5232 Villigen PSI, Schweiz
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Barton B, Ulrich T. Developmental influences on children's pedestrian route selection. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rabe S, Nachtegaal M, Ulrich T, Vogel F. Towards Understanding the Catalytic Reforming of Biomass in Supercritical Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6434-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rabe S, Nachtegaal M, Ulrich T, Vogel F. Zum Verständnis der katalytischen Reformierung von Biomasse in überkritischem Wasser. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Grützmacher H, Geier J, Stein D, Ott T, Schönberg H, Sommerlade RH, Boulmaaz S, Wolf JP, Murer P, Ulrich T. A Simple Straightforward Synthesis of Phenylphosphane and the Photoinitiator Bis(mesitoyl)phenylphosphane Oxide (IRGACURE 819). Chimia (Aarau) 2008. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2008.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Erb C, Ulrich T, Meyer M, Schröder A. Anwendung der Frequenz-Verdopplungsperimetrie bei Kindern. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ulrich T, Steiner UE, Foell RE. Investigation of triplet exciplex dynamics by magnetic field effects due to the triplet mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100234a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Steiner UE, Wolff HJ, Ulrich T, Ohno T. Spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field effects in photoredox reactions of ruthenium(II) complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100350a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fayrer-Hosken RA, Bertschinger HJ, Kirkpatrick JF, Grobler D, Lamberski N, Honneyman G, Ulrich T. Contraceptive potential of the porcine zona pellucida vaccine in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Theriogenology 1999; 52:835-46. [PMID: 10735124 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(99)00176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunocontraception has been successful in controlling free-roaming equids; however, what is the potential for the immunocontraceptive control of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)? The porcine zona pellucida (pZP) glycoproteins share antigenic domains with the African elephant zona pellucida (elZP) glycoproteins, and anti-zona pellucida serum antibodies have been successfully stimulated. To determine the cross-reactivity of the pZP and elZP, immunocytochemistry was evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Specifically, the binding of polyclonal antibodies against total heat-solubilized-porcine zona pellucida to fixed elephant ovary sections was evaluated. The elZP of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles was recognized by the rabbit-anti-pZP serum, but there was no apparent recognition of the primordial follicles. The ability of anti-pZP antibodies to recognize the elZP demonstrates that there is molecular homology between the pZP and elZP glycoproteins. This homology makes the African elephant a candidate for pZP immunocontraception. Three captive elephants were vaccinated with 400 micrograms pZP with a synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate (S-TDCM) adjuvant. The elephants received 2 boosters of 600 micrograms pZP at 4 wk and 10 m.o. after the primary vaccination. The vaccinated female elephants developed significant (P < 0.05) titers to pZP over prevaccination levels. These levels persisted for 12 to 14 m.o. after the third vaccination. This preliminary evidence shows that the female elephant can develop significant serum antibody levels to pZP. These levels of antibodies are comparable to those required in horses for successful immunocontraception. Thus, porcine zona pellucida immunocontraception might be used to control elephant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Fayrer-Hosken
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7385, USA
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35
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Ulrich T. Linking an Amish hereditary disease with cerebral palsy, a pediatrician challenges a dark inheritance. Time 1998; 150:30-2. [PMID: 10175702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Thompson S, Davies M, O'Neill T, Holding F, Mann A, Martin G, Varley C, Watts M, Beech J, Thompson SJ, Leesman G, Ulrich T. Immunogenicity & reactogenicity of a recombinant HPV6 fusion protein vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:274S. [PMID: 9191318 DOI: 10.1042/bst025274s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Malik A, Gross M, Ulrich T, Hoffman SL. Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein by immunization with soluble recombinant protein without adjuvant. Infect Immun 1993; 61:5062-6. [PMID: 8225583 PMCID: PMC281284 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.12.5062-5066.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization of mice with irradiated malaria sporozoites induces protection that is dependent on CD8+ T cells, and adoptive transfer of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones against rodent malaria circumsporozoite (CS) protein and sporozoite surface protein 2 completely protects against sporozoite challenge. Thus, there are now efforts to develop vaccines that induce CTL against the CS protein and sporozoite surface protein 2. Until recently, it was thought that induction of CTL required production of target proteins within cells, breakdown of the proteins to peptides in the cytoplasm, and transport of the peptides to the cell surface in combination with class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. It has now been shown that immunization with peptides in Freund's complete adjuvant and with soluble protein in liposomes can induce CTL. To determine whether we could induce CTL against the Plasmodium falciparum CS protein by immunization with soluble protein, B10.BR mice were immunized intravenously, intraperitoneally, or intramuscularly with a recombinant P. falciparum CS protein called RLF mixed with the adjuvant DETOX (monophosphoryl lipid A, cell wall skeleton of Mycobacteria phlei, and squalane). Two weeks after the last dose, spleen cells from mice immunized intravenously, but not intraperitoneally or intramuscularly, had peptide-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted, CD8+ T-cell-dependent cytolytic activity against peptide 368-390 from the 7G8 P. falciparum CS protein. To determine whether the adjuvant was required for induction of the cytolytic activity, mice were immunized with RLF without adjuvant, and similar cytolytic activity was demonstrated. The finding that we could induce CTL by administration of soluble protein without adjuvant markedly broadens the possibilities for vaccinologists working to develop methods of inducing CTL in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malik
- Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5607
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Aoyagi K, Beyou A, Moon K, Fang L, Ulrich T. Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding wheat 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Plant Physiol 1993; 102:623-8. [PMID: 8108513 PMCID: PMC158821 DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.2.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR, EC 1.1.1.34) is a key enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. We have isolated partial cDNAs from wheat (Triticum aestivum) using the polymerase chain reaction. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of these cDNAs shows that they represent a small family of genes that share a high degree of sequence homology among themselves as well as among genes from other organisms including tomato, Arabidopsis, hamster, human, Drosophila, and yeast. Southern blot analysis reveals the presence of at least four genes. Our results concerning the tissue-specific expression as well as developmental regulation of these HMGR cDNAs highlight the important role of this enzyme in the growth and development of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aoyagi
- Sogetal, Incorporated, Hayward, California 94545
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Kirpensteijn J, Fingland RB, Ulrich T, Sikkema DA, Allen SW. Cholelithiasis in dogs: 29 cases (1980-1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993; 202:1137-42. [PMID: 8473231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Medical records of 29 dogs with cholelithiasis were reviewed. Aged female small-breed dogs were overrepresented. Mean age was 9.5 years, and mean weight was 12 kg. Vomiting, anorexia, weakness, polyuria/polydipsia, weight loss, icterus, fever, and signs of abdominal pain were the most common clinical signs. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia with left shift, monocytosis, high activity of serum hepatic enzymes, hypoalbuminemia, and high concentrations of serum total bilirubin were common. Radiopaque choleliths were evident on abdominal radiography of 13 of 27 dogs. Microbial culturing of bile isolated organisms in 15 of 20 dogs. Gram-negative bacteria were most common. Surgery was performed in 22 dogs. Four dogs were treated medically, and 3 dogs were euthanatized without treatment. Surgical treatment consisted of cholecystectomy in 11 dogs, choledochotomy in 5 dogs, cholecystotomy in 4 dogs, and cholecystojejunostomy in 1 dog. Sphincter of Oddiotomy was performed in 1 dog. Five dogs had concurrent generalized peritonitis attributable to bile. Multiple choleliths were detected in most of the dogs. Choleliths were located in the gallbladder in 20 dogs and in the bile ducts in 14 dogs. The most common abnormalities of the gallbladder, identified histologically, were chronic cholecystitis, mucosal hyperplasia, and pericholecystic inflammation. The most common abnormalities of the liver were cholestasis, hepatocellular degeneration, and periportal fibrosis. Survival rate of dogs that underwent cholecystectomy tended to be higher (86%) than that of dogs treated via cholecystotomy (50%) or cholecystectomy in combination with choledochotomy (33%). Dogs that underwent medical treatment, abdominal exploratory, cholecystojenunostomy, choledochotomy, and sphincter of Oddiotomy died or were euthanatized because of redevelopment of clinical signs associated with cholelithiasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kirpensteijn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66502
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Abstract
Abstract
The sesquiterpenoic alcohol nerolidol was separated into its 4 stereoisomers by MPLC of the diastereomeric (1 S, 4 R)-camphanoates.
An analytical GC method was found by which both the enantiomeric pairs of (Z)- and (E)-nerolidol are resolved on a chiral cyclodextrin stationary phase. The olfactoric properties of the nerolidol stereoisomers were investigated.
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Dürr H, Thome A, Steiner U, Ulrich T, Krüger C, Raabe E. 1H-benzo[c]pyrazolo[1,2-a]cinnolines: a novel photochromic system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1039/c39880000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ulrich T, Steiner U, schlenker W. Control of photo-electron-transfer induced radical production by micellar cages, heavy-atom substituents and magnetic fields. Tetrahedron 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schlenker W, Ulrich T, Steiner UE. Magnetic-field-enhanced radical yield from triplet electron-transfer reaction in reversed micelles. Chem Phys Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(83)87477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Deschaux P, Ulrich T, Goldstein AL. In vitro effects of thymosin, testosterone and growth hormone on antibody formation in murine spleen cells. Thymus 1980; 1:287-291. [PMID: 7003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The action of growth hormone and testosterone on the immunological activity of thymosin is reported. We have found that growth hormone can significantly stimulate antibody production, as thymosin fraction 5, and that testosterone is inhibitory at high concentrations.
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