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Cedeño Laurent JG, Parhizkar H, Calderon L, Lizonova D, Tsiodra I, Mihalopoulos N, Kavouras I, Alam M, Baalousha M, Bazina L, Kelesidis GA, Demokritou P. Physicochemical Characterization of the Particulate Matter in New Jersey/New York City Area, Resulting from the Canadian Quebec Wildfires in June 2023. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14753-14763. [PMID: 38984996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The global increase in wildfires, primarily driven by climate change, significantly affects air quality and health. Wildfire-emitted particulate matter (WFPM) is linked to adverse health effects, yet the toxicological mechanisms are not fully understood given its physicochemical complexity and the lack of spatiotemporal exposure data. This study focuses on the physicochemical characterization of WFPM from a Canadian wildfire in June 2023, which affected over 100 million people in the US Northeast, particularly around New Jersey/New York. Aerosol systems were deployed to characterize WFPM during the 3 day event, revealing unprecedented mass concentrations mainly in the WFPM0.1 and WFPM0.1-2.5 size fractions. Peak WFPM2.5 concentrations reached 317 μg/m3, nearly 10 times the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) 24 h average limit. Chemical analysis showed a high organic-to-total carbon ratio (96%), consistent with brown carbon wildfires nanoparticles. Large concentrations of high-molecular-weight PAHs were found predominantly bound to WFPM0.1, with retene, a molecular marker of biomass burning and a known teratogen, being the most abundant (>70%). Computational modeling estimated a total lung deposition of 9.15 mg over 72 h, highlighting the health risks of WFPM, particularly due to its long-distance travel capability and impact on densely populated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Guillermo Cedeño Laurent
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hooman Parhizkar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Leonardo Calderon
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Denisa Lizonova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Irini Tsiodra
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, Palea Penteli, Athens 15236, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, Palea Penteli, Athens 15236, Greece
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Ilias Kavouras
- Department of Environmental, Occupational and Geospatial Health Sciences, School of Public Health, City University of New York, New York, New York 10018, United States
| | - Mahbub Alam
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mohammed Baalousha
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Lila Bazina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Georgios A Kelesidis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Mardi AH, Dadashazar H, Painemal D, Shingler T, Seaman ST, Fenn MA, Hostetler CA, Sorooshian A. Biomass Burning Over the United States East Coast and Western North Atlantic Ocean: Implications for Clouds and Air Quality. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2021; 126:e2021JD034916. [PMID: 34777928 PMCID: PMC8587641 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd034916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) aerosol events were characterized over the U.S. East Coast and Bermuda over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) between 2005 and 2018 using a combination of ground-based observations, satellite data, and model outputs. Days with BB influence in an atmospheric column (BB days) were identified using criteria biased toward larger fire events based on anomalously high AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) and MERRA-2 black carbon (BC) column density. BB days are present year-round with more in June-August (JJA) over the northern part of the East Coast, in contrast to more frequent events in March-May (MAM) over the southeast U.S. and Bermuda. BB source regions in MAM are southern Mexico and by the Yucatan, Central America, and the southeast U.S. JJA source regions are western parts of North America. Less than half of the BB days coincide with anomalously high PM2.5 levels in the surface layer, according to data from 14 IMPROVE sites over the East Coast. Profiles of aerosol extinction suggest that BB particles can be found in the boundary layer and into the upper troposphere with the potential to interact with clouds. Higher cloud drop number concentration and lower drop effective radius are observed during BB days. In addition, lower liquid water path is found during these days, especially when BB particles are present in the boundary layer. While patterns are suggestive of cloud-BB aerosol interactions over the East Coast and the WNAO, additional studies are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David Painemal
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Marta A Fenn
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Gong X, Kaulfus A, Nair U, Jaffe DA. Quantifying O 3 Impacts in Urban Areas Due to Wildfires Using a Generalized Additive Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13216-13223. [PMID: 29065684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires emit O3 precursors but there are large variations in emissions, plume heights, and photochemical processing. These factors make it challenging to model O3 production from wildfires using Eulerian models. Here we describe a statistical approach to characterize the maximum daily 8-h average O3 (MDA8) for 8 cities in the U.S. for typical, nonfire, conditions. The statistical model represents between 35% and 81% of the variance in MDA8 for each city. We then examine the residual from the model under conditions with elevated particulate matter (PM) and satellite observed smoke ("smoke days"). For these days, the residuals are elevated by an average of 3-8 ppb (MDA8) compared to nonsmoke days. We found that while smoke days are only 4.1% of all days (May-Sept) they are 19% of days with an MDA8 greater than 75 ppb. We also show that a published method that does not account for transport patterns gives rise to large overestimates in the amount of O3 from fires, particularly for coastal cities. Finally, we apply this method to a case study from August 2015, and show that the method gives results that are directly applicable to the EPA guidance on excluding data due to an uncontrollable source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gong
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079, China
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Washington-Bothell , 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
| | - Aaron Kaulfus
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alabama-Huntsville , Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Udaysankar Nair
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alabama-Huntsville , Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Daniel A Jaffe
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Washington-Bothell , 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington-Seattle , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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He C, Miljevic B, Crilley LR, Surawski NC, Bartsch J, Salimi F, Uhde E, Schnelle-Kreis J, Orasche J, Ristovski Z, Ayoko GA, Zimmermann R, Morawska L. Characterisation of the impact of open biomass burning on urban air quality in Brisbane, Australia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 91:230-242. [PMID: 26989811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Open biomass burning from wildfires and the prescribed burning of forests and farmland is a frequent occurrence in South-East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. This work reports on data collected from 10 to 30 September 2011, which covers the days before (10-14 September), during (15-20 September) and after (21-30 September) a period of biomass burning in SEQ. The aim of this project was to comprehensively quantify the impact of the biomass burning on air quality in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. A multi-parameter field measurement campaign was conducted and ambient air quality data from 13 monitoring stations across SEQ were analysed. During the burning period, the average concentrations of all measured pollutants increased (from 20% to 430%) compared to the non-burning period (both before and after burning), except for total xylenes. The average concentration of O3, NO2, SO2, benzene, formaldehyde, PM10, PM2.5 and visibility-reducing particles reached their highest levels for the year, which were up to 10 times higher than annual average levels, while PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations exceeded the WHO 24-hour guidelines and O3 concentration exceeded the WHO maximum 8-hour average threshold during the burning period. Overall spatial variations showed that all measured pollutants, with the exception of O3, were closer to spatial homogeneity during the burning compared to the non-burning period. In addition to the above, elevated concentrations of three biomass burning organic tracers (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan), together with the amount of non-refractory organic particles (PM1) and the average value of f60 (attributed to levoglucosan), reinforce that elevated pollutant concentration levels were due to emissions from open biomass burning events, 70% of which were prescribed burning events. This study, which is the first and most comprehensive of its kind in Australia, provides quantitative evidence of the significant impact of open biomass burning events, especially prescribed burning, on urban air quality. The current results provide a solid platform for more detailed health and modelling investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrong He
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Branka Miljevic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Leigh R Crilley
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C Surawski
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia; Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Jennifer Bartsch
- Material Analysis & Indoor Chemistry, Fraunhofer Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institute (WKI), Braunschweig, 38108, Germany
| | - Farhad Salimi
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia; Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Erik Uhde
- Material Analysis & Indoor Chemistry, Fraunhofer Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institute (WKI), Braunschweig, 38108, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Godwin A Ayoko
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia.
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Brey SJ, Fischer EV. Smoke in the City: How Often and Where Does Smoke Impact Summertime Ozone in the United States? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1288-94. [PMID: 26720416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the influence of smoke on ozone (O3) abundances over the contiguous United States. Using colocated observations of particulate matter and the National Weather Service Hazard Mapping System smoke data, we identify summertime days between 2005 and 2014 that Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System O3 monitors are influenced by smoke. We compare O3 mixing ratio distributions for smoke-free and smoke-impacted days for each monitor, while controlling for temperature. This analysis shows that (i) the mean O3 abundance measured on smoke-impacted days is higher than on smoke-free days, and (ii) the magnitude of the effect varies by location with a range of 3 to 36 ppbv. For each site, we present the percentage of days when the 8-h average O3 mixing ratio (MDA8) exceeds 75 ppbv and smoke is present. Smoke-impacted O3 mixing ratios are most elevated in locations with the highest emissions of nitrogen oxides. The Northeast corridor, Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, Birmingham, and Kansas City stand out as having smoke present 10-20% of the days when 8-h average O3 mixing ratios exceed 75 ppbv. Most U.S. cities maintain a similar proportion of smoke-impacted exceedance days when they are held against the new MDA8 limit of 70 ppbv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Brey
- Steven Brey Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , 200 West Lake Street, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Steven Brey Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University , 200 West Lake Street, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Kimbrough S, Hays M, Preston B, Vallero DA, Hagler GSW. Episodic Impacts from California Wildfires Identified in Las Vegas Near-Road Air Quality Monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:18-24. [PMID: 26618236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutant concentrations near major highways are usually attributed to a combination of nearby traffic emissions and regional background, and generally presumed to be additive in nature. During a near-road measurement study conducted in Las Vegas, NV, the effects of distant wildfires on regional air quality were indicated over a several day period in the summer of 2009. Area-wide elevated particulate levoglucosan (maximum of 0.83 μg/m(3)) and roadside measurements of ultraviolet light-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM) in comparison to black carbon (Delta-C) were apparent over the three-day period. Back-trajectory modeling and satellite images supported the measurement results and indicated the transport of air pollutants from wildfires burning in southern California. Separating roadside measurements under apparent biomass burning event (Delta-C > 1000 ng m(-3)) and nonevent (Delta-C < 1000 ng m(-3)) periods, and constraining to specific days of week, wind speed range, wind direction from the road and traffic volume range, roadside carbon monoxide, black carbon, total particle number count (20-200 nm), and accumulation mode particle number count (100-200 nm) increased by 65%, 146%, 58%, and 366%, respectively, when biomass smoke was indicated. Meanwhile, ultrafine particles (20-100 nm) decreased by 35%. This episode indicates that the presence of aged wildfire smoke may interact with freshly emitted ultrafine particles, resulting in a decrease of particles in the ultrafine mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Kimbrough
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory , Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Michael Hays
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory , Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Bill Preston
- ARCADIS-US, Inc. , 4915 Prospectus Drive, Suite F, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Daniel A Vallero
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory , Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Gayle S W Hagler
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory , Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
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7
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Effect of Nearby Forest Fires on Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Santiago, Chile. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fine R, Miller MB, Yates EL, Iraci LT, Gustin MS. Investigating the influence of long-range transport on surface O3 in Nevada, USA, using observations from multiple measurement platforms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:493-504. [PMID: 25845306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current United States (US) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O3 (75 ppb) is expected to be revised to between 60 and 70 ppb. As the NAAQS becomes more stringent, characterizing the extent of O3 and precursors transported into the US is increasingly important. Given the high elevation, complex terrain, and location in the Intermountain West, the State of Nevada is ideally situated to intercept air transported into the US. Until recently, measurements of O3 and associated pollutants were limited to areas in and around the cities of Las Vegas and Reno. In 2011, the Nevada Rural Ozone Initiative began and through this project 13 surface monitoring sites were established. Also in 2011, the NASA Ames Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) began making routine aircraft measurements of O3 and other greenhouse gases in Nevada. The availability of aircraft and surface measurements in a relatively rural, remote setting in the Intermountain West presented a unique opportunity to investigate sources contributing to the O3 observed in Nevada. Our analyses indicate that stratosphere to troposphere transport, long-range transport of Asian pollution, and regional emissions from urban areas and wildfires influence surface observations. The complexity of sources identified here along with the fact that O3 frequently approaches the threshold being considered for a revised NAAQS indicate that interstate and international cooperation will be necessary to achieve compliance with a more stringent regulatory standard. Further, on a seasonal basis we found no significant difference between daily 1-h maximum O3 at surface sites, which ranged in elevation from 888 to 2307 m, and aircraft measurements of O3 <2500 m which suggests that similar processes influence daytime O3 across rural Nevada and indicates that column measurements from Railroad Valley, NV are useful in understanding these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Fine
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
| | - Matthieu B Miller
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Emma L Yates
- Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Laura T Iraci
- Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Mae Sexauer Gustin
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
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Kang CM, Gold D, Koutrakis P. Downwind O 3 and PM 2.5 speciation during the wildfires in 2002 and 2010. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2014; 95:511-519. [PMID: 38957569 PMCID: PMC11219020 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A series of wildfires in northern Quebec, early July 2002, and in southern Quebec, late May 2010, resulted in severe air pollution downwind. Downwind exposures were investigated to estimate the impact on outdoor and indoor environments. The plumes derived from the wildfires resulted in an increase of over 10 ppbv ozone (O3) concentrations in both major cities and rural areas, while O3 enhancement was not observed at locations adjacent to wildfire burning areas. Temporal trend in PM2.5 concentration showed a peak of 105.5 μg/m3 on July 7, 2002, while on May 31, 2010 the peak was 151.1 μg/m3 in Boston downwind. PM2.5 speciation showed similar trends between the episodes, along with spikes in the PM2.5/PM10 ratio, and in the concentrations of Black Carbon, ΔC (i.e., UV absorbing compounds minus Black Carbon), Organic Carbon (OC), potassium, and chlorine. OC was the most dominant constituent of the PM2.5 mass in the wildfires. The dominant specific carbon fractions include OC fraction 3, pyrolysis carbon, and EC fraction 1, likely due to pyrolysis of structural components of wood. Indoor PM2.5 peaks at two houses corresponded well with the ambient PM2.5 peak, along with the elemental composition, which could indicate an impact of wildfires on indoor air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Min Kang
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diane Gold
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Pratt KA, Prather KA. Mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols--recent developments and applications. Part II: On-line mass spectrometry techniques. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:17-48. [PMID: 21449003 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many of the significant advances in our understanding of atmospheric particles can be attributed to the application of mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry provides high sensitivity with fast response time to probe chemically complex particles. This review focuses on recent developments and applications in the field of mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols. In Part II of this two-part review, we concentrate on real-time mass spectrometry techniques, which provide high time resolution for insight into brief events and diurnal changes while eliminating the potential artifacts acquired during long-term filter sampling. In particular, real-time mass spectrometry has been shown recently to provide the ability to probe the chemical composition of ambient individual particles <30 nm in diameter to further our understanding of how particles are formed through nucleation in the atmosphere. Further, transportable real-time mass spectrometry techniques are now used frequently on ground-, ship-, and aircraft-based studies around the globe to further our understanding of the spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosols. In addition, coupling aerosol mass spectrometry techniques with other measurements in series has allowed the in situ determination of chemically resolved particle effective density, refractive index, volatility, and cloud activation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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11
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Bein KJ, Zhao Y, Johnston MV, Evans GJ, Wexler AS. Extratropical waves transport boreal wildfire emissions and drive regional air quality dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Solomon PA, Hopke PK. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Particulate Matter Supersites Program: an integrated synthesis of scientific findings and policy- and health-relevant insights. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2008; 58:S1-S2. [PMID: 19202992 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.58.13.s-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Solomon
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development at EPA, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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