1
|
Vimercati L, Bueno de Mesquita CP, Johnson BW, Mineart D, DeForce E, Vimercati Molano Y, Ducklow H, Schmidt SK. Dynamic trophic shifts in bacterial and eukaryotic communities during the first 30 years of microbial succession following retreat of an Antarctic glacier. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6762214. [PMID: 36251461 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined microbial succession along a glacier forefront in the Antarctic Peninsula representing ∼30 years of deglaciation to contrast bacterial and eukaryotic successional dynamics and abiotic drivers of community assembly using sequencing and soil properties. Microbial communities changed most rapidly early along the chronosequence, and co-occurrence network analysis showed the most complex topology at the earliest stage. Initial microbial communities were dominated by microorganisms derived from the glacial environment, whereas later stages hosted a mixed community of taxa associated with soils. Eukaryotes became increasingly dominated by Cercozoa, particularly Vampyrellidae, indicating a previously unappreciated role for cercozoan predators during early stages of primary succession. Chlorophytes and Charophytes (rather than cyanobacteria) were the dominant primary producers and there was a spatio-temporal sequence in which major groups became abundant succeeding from simple ice Chlorophytes to Ochrophytes and Bryophytes. Time since deglaciation and pH were the main abiotic drivers structuring both bacterial and eukaryotic communities. Determinism was the dominant assembly mechanism for Bacteria, while the balance between stochastic/deterministic processes in eukaryotes varied along the distance from the glacier front. This study provides new insights into the unexpected dynamic changes and interactions across multiple trophic groups during primary succession in a rapidly changing polar ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vimercati
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 334, 1900 Pleasant St, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Clifton P Bueno de Mesquita
- DOE Joint Genome Institute Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Ben W Johnson
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences 253 Science Hall 2237 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011-3212, United States
| | - Dana Mineart
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences 253 Science Hall 2237 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011-3212, United States
| | - Emelia DeForce
- Integrative Oceanography Division Scripps Institution of Oceanography 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093 5, United States
| | - Ylenia Vimercati Molano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 334, 1900 Pleasant St, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Hugh Ducklow
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory P.O. Box 1000 61 Route 9W Palisades, NY 10964-1000, United States
| | - Steven K Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 334, 1900 Pleasant St, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan S, Gao Y, Lai B, Elzinga EJ, Yu S. Aerosol iron speciation and seasonal variation of iron oxidation state over the western Antarctic Peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153890. [PMID: 35182624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The iron (Fe) speciation and oxidation state have been considered critical factors affecting Fe solubility in the atmosphere and bioavailability in the surface ocean. In this study, elemental composition and Fe speciation in aerosol samples collected at the Palmer Station in the West Antarctic Peninsula were determined using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The elemental composition of coarse-mode (>1 μm) Fe-containing particles suggests that the region's crustal emission is the primary source of aerosol Fe. The Fe minerals in these aerosol particles were predominantly hematite and biotite, but minor fractions of pyrite and ilmenite were observed as well. The Fe oxidation state showed an evident seasonal variation. The Fe(II) content accounted for 71% of the total Fe in the austral summer, while this fraction dropped to 60% in the austral winter. Multivariate linear models involving meteorological parameters suggested that the wind speed, relative humidity, and solar irradiance were the factors that significantly controlled the percentage of Fe(II) in the austral summer. On the contrary, no relationship was found between these factors and the Fe(II) percentage in the austral winter, suggesting that atmospheric photoreduction and regional dust emission were limited. Moreover, the snow depth was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the aerosol Fe concentration, confirming the limiting effect of snow/ice cover on the regional dust emission. Given that the Antarctic Peninsula has experienced rapid warming during recent decades, the ice-free areas in the Antarctic Peninsula may act as potential dust sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Fan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Evert J Elzinga
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antiphased dust deposition and productivity in the Antarctic Zone over 1.5 million years. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2044. [PMID: 35440628 PMCID: PMC9018689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Southern Ocean paleoceanography provides key insights into how iron fertilization and oceanic productivity developed through Pleistocene ice-ages and their role in influencing the carbon cycle. We report a high-resolution record of dust deposition and ocean productivity for the Antarctic Zone, close to the main dust source, Patagonia. Our deep-ocean records cover the last 1.5 Ma, thus doubling that from Antarctic ice-cores. We find a 5 to 15-fold increase in dust deposition during glacials and a 2 to 5-fold increase in biogenic silica deposition, reflecting higher ocean productivity during interglacials. This antiphasing persisted throughout the last 25 glacial cycles. Dust deposition became more pronounced across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) in the Southern Hemisphere, with an abrupt shift suggesting more severe glaciations since ~0.9 Ma. Productivity was intermediate pre-MPT, lowest during the MPT and highest since 0.4 Ma. Generally, glacials experienced extended sea-ice cover, reduced bottom-water export and Weddell Gyre dynamics, which helped lower atmospheric CO2 levels.
Collapse
|
4
|
Illuminati S, Annibaldi A, Truzzi C, Mantini C, Conca E, Malandrino M, Giglione G, Fanelli M, Scarponi G. Determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in the Atmospheric Aerosol of Central East Antarctica at Dome C (Concordia Station). Molecules 2021; 26:1997. [PMID: 33916238 PMCID: PMC8036987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Cu were determined (by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry) in aerosol samples collected at Dome C (the Italo-French Station Concordia), a remote site of the Central East Antarctic plateau, for which no data are available until now. During the Austral Summer 2005-2006, three PM10 high-volume impactors were installed in two locations nearby of Concordia station: the first one very close and downwind of the station (about 50 m north), the other two (very close to each other) in a 'distant' site, upwind of the station and close to the astrophysics tent (not used in that expedition) at ~800 m south of Station Concordia. For each sample, the availability of the mass of the aerosol collected (obtained by differential weighing carried out on site), in addition to the volume of the filtered air, allowed us to express results both in terms of metal mass fractions in the aerosol and in the usual way of metal atmospheric concentrations. Metal contents increased in the order Cd < Pb < Cu with the following ranges of values: Cd 1.0-8.4 µg g-1 (0.09-3.1 pg m-3), Pb 96-470 µg g-1 (12-62 pg m-3), and Cu 0.17-20 mg g-1 (0.027-2.4 ng m-3). From the metal temporal profiles obtained we estimated the following background values for the area of Dome C, expressed both in mass fractions and in atmospheric concentrations: Cd 1.2 ± 0.2 µg g-1 (0.24 ± 0.13 pg m-3), Pb (here fixed as upper limit) 113 ± 13 µg g-1 (21 ± 8 pg m-3), and Cu 0.91 ± 0.48 mg g-1 (0.12 ± 0.07 ng m-3). The highest values were observed in the first part of the season, and particularly for the site close to the station, possibly related to sample contamination linked to intense activity at the Concordia station connected with the beginning of the expedition, including aircraft arrivals/departures. Increments of up to 10 times (and even 20 times for Cu) were recorded with respect to the background values. The metal excesses of the contaminated over background samples were found approximately, except for Cu, in the same proportion of the metal contents of the special Antarctic blend (SAB) diesel fuel, which is used almost exclusively at Concordia Station. The effect of the wind direction was also observed. Thus in the intermediate period of the campaign, when the wind direction reversed for several days with respect to the prevailing one, Cd and Pb metal contents decreased at the sampling point installed close to the station, now upwind of Concordia station, and increased at the 'clean' site astrophysics tent, turned downwind at the main station. No simple and easily interpretable effect of the wind direction was observed for Cu, which suggests that some other extemporaneous and not clearly identified factor may have intervened in this case. These results suggest that the human impact at Dome C influences mainly the zone very close to the station, but also the area in the neighborhood, including the supposed clean site of the astrophysics tent (about 800 m far from the station), when the wind direction reverses with respect to the prevailing one, leaving the site downwind of the station Concordia. Since no other data are reported for the Dome C area, our results are compared with literature data referred to the South Pole Station (the only other plateau site for which data are available) and several other coastal Antarctic sites, observing that our results (excluding Cu) are the lowest ever observed for Antarctic aerosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Illuminati
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna Annibaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Truzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Caterina Mantini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Conca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Giada Giglione
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Matteo Fanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Scarponi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dust Storm Event of February 2019 in Central and East Coast of Australia and Evidence of Long-Range Transport to New Zealand and Antarctica. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Between 11 and 15 February 2019, a dust storm originating in Central Australia with persistent westerly and south westerly winds caused high particle concentrations at many sites in the state of New South Wales (NSW); both inland and along the coast. The dust continued to be transported to New Zealand and to Antarctica in the south east. This study uses observed data and the WRF-Chem Weather Research Forecast model based on GOCART-AFWA (Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport–Air Force and Weather Agency) dust scheme and GOCART aerosol and gas-phase MOZART (Model for Ozone And Related chemical Tracers) chemistry model to study the long-range transport of aerosols for the period 11 to 15 February 2019 across eastern Australia and onto New Zealand and Antarctica. Wildfires also happened in northern NSW at the same time, and their emissions are taken into account in the WRF-Chem model by using the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) as the emission input. Modelling results using the WRF-Chem model show that for the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand, peak concentration of PM10 (and PM2.5) as measured on 14 February 2019 at 05:00 UTC at the monitoring stations of Geraldine, Ashburton, Timaru and Woolston (Christchurch), and about 2 h later at Rangiora and Kaiapoi, correspond to the prediction of high PM10 due to the intrusion of dust to ground level from the transported dust layer above. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) observation data from MODIS 3 km Terra/Aqua and CALIOP LiDAR measurements on board CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite also indicate that high-altitude dust ranging from 2 km to 6 km, originating from this dust storm event in Australia, was located above Antarctica. This study suggests that the present dust storms in Australia can transport dust from sources in Central Australia to the Tasman sea, New Zealand and Antarctica.
Collapse
|
6
|
Crawford J, Chambers SD, Cohen DD, Williams AG, Atanacio A. Baseline characterisation of source contributions to daily-integrated PM 2.5 observations at Cape Grim using Radon-222. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:37-48. [PMID: 30170205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We discuss 15 years (2000-2015) of daily-integrated PM2.5 samples from the Cape Grim Station. Ion beam analysis and positive matrix factorisation are used to identify six source-type fingerprints: fresh sea salt (57%); secondary sulfate (14%); smoke (13%); aged sea salt (12%); soil dust (2.4%); and industrial metals (1.5%). An existing hourly radon-only baseline selection technique is modified for use with the daily-integrated observations. Results were not significantly different for days on which >20 hours were below the baseline radon threshold compared with days when all 24 hours satisfied the baseline criteria. This relaxed daily baseline criteria increased the number of samples for analysis by almost a factor of two. Two radon baseline thresholds were tested: historic (100 mBq m-3), and revised (50 mBq m-3). Median aerosol concentrations were similar for both radon thresholds, but maximum values were higher for the 100 mBq m-3 threshold. Back trajectories indicated more interaction with southern Australia and the Antarctic coastline for air masses selected with the 100 mBq m-3 threshold. Radon-only baseline selection using the 50 mBq m-3 threshold was more selective of minimal terrestrial influence than a similar recent study using wind direction and back trajectories. The ratio of concentrations between terrestrial and baseline days for the primary sources soil, smoke and industrial metals was 3.4, 2.6, and 5.5, respectively. Seasonal cycles of soil dust had a summer maximum and winter minimum. Seasonal cycles of smoke were of similar amplitude for terrestrial and baseline events, but of completely different shape: peaking in autumn and spring for terrestrial events, compared to summer for baseline conditions. Seasonal cycles of industrial metals had a summer maximum and winter minimum. A significant fraction of the Cape Grim baseline smoke and industrial metal contributions appeared to be derived from long-term transport (>3 weeks since last terrestrial influence).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Crawford
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia.
| | - Scott D Chambers
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - David D Cohen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Alastair G Williams
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Armand Atanacio
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li C, Le Roux G, Sonke J, van Beek P, Souhaut M, Van der Putten N, De Vleeschouwer F. Recent 210Pb, 137Cs and 241Am accumulation in an ombrotrophic peatland from Amsterdam Island (Southern Indian Ocean). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 175-176:164-169. [PMID: 28554139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, 210Pb, 137Cs and 241Am have been abundantly used in reconstructing recent sediment and peat chronologies. The study of global aerosol-climate interaction is also partially depending on our understanding of 222Rn-210Pb cycling, as radionuclides are useful aerosol tracers. However, in comparison with the Northern Hemisphere, few data are available for these radionuclides in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in the South Indian Ocean. A peat core was collected in an ombrotrophic peatland from the remote Amsterdam Island (AMS) and was analyzed for 210Pb, 137Cs and 241Am radionuclides using an underground ultra-low background gamma spectrometer. The 210Pb Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model of peat accumulations is validated by peaks of artificial radionuclides (137Cs and 241Am) that are related to nuclear weapon tests. We compared the AMS 210Pb data with an updated 210Pb deposition database. The 210Pb flux of 98 ± 6 Bq·m-2·y-1 derived from the AMS core agrees with data from Madagascar and South Africa. The elevated flux observed at such a remote location may result from the enhanced 222Rn activity and frequent rainfall in AMS. This enhanced 222Rn activity itself may be explained by continental air masses passing over southern Africa and/or Madagascar. The 210Pb flux at AMS is higher than those derived from cores collected in coastal areas in Argentina and Chile, which are areas dominated by marine westerly winds with low 222Rn activities. We report a 137Cs inventory at AMS of 144 ± 13 Bq·m-2 (corrected to 1969). Our data thus contribute to the under-represented data coverage in the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuxian Li
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Tolosan, France.
| | - Gaël Le Roux
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Tolosan, France
| | - Jeroen Sonke
- Geoscience, Environment, Toulouse, Midi- Pyrénées Observatory, Toulouse, France
| | - Pieter van Beek
- LEGOS (CNRS/CNES/IRD/UPS), Midi- Pyrénées Observatory, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Souhaut
- LEGOS (CNRS/CNES/IRD/UPS), Midi- Pyrénées Observatory, Toulouse, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Caiazzo L, Baccolo G, Barbante C, Becagli S, Bertò M, Ciardini V, Crotti I, Delmonte B, Dreossi G, Frezzotti M, Gabrieli J, Giardi F, Han Y, Hong SB, Hur SD, Hwang H, Kang JH, Narcisi B, Proposito M, Scarchilli C, Selmo E, Severi M, Spolaor A, Stenni B, Traversi R, Udisti R. Prominent features in isotopic, chemical and dust stratigraphies from coastal East Antarctic ice sheet (Eastern Wilkes Land). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 176:273-287. [PMID: 28273535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present the isotopic, chemical and dust stratigraphies of two snow pits sampled in 2013/14 at GV7 (coastal East Antarctica: 70°41' S - 158°51' E, 1950 m a.s.l.). A large number of chemical species are measured aiming to study their potentiality as environmental changes markers. Seasonal cluster backward trajectories analysis was performed and compared with chemical marker stratigraphies. Sea spray aerosol is delivered to the sampling site together with snow precipitation especially in autumn-winter by air masses arising from Western Pacific Ocean sector. Dust show maximum concentration in spring when the air masses arising from Ross Sea sector mobilize mineral dust from ice-free areas of the Transantarctic mountains. The clear seasonal pattern of sulfur oxidized compounds allows the dating of the snow-pit and the calculation of the mean accumulation rate, which is 242 ± 71 mm w.e. for the period 2008-2013. Methanesulfonic acid and NO3- do not show any concentration decreasing trend as depth increases, also considering a 12 m firn core record. Therefore these two compounds are not affected by post-depositional processes at this site and can be considered reliable markers for past environmental changes reconstruction. The rBC snow-pit record shows the highest values in summer 2012 likely related to large biomass burning even occurred in Australia in this summer. The undisturbed accumulation rate for this site is demonstrated by the agreement between the chemical stratigraphies and the annual accumulation rate of the two snow-pits analysed in Italian and Korean laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Caiazzo
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - G Baccolo
- DISAT-University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; University of Siena, Earth Science Department, Via Laterino, 8, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C Barbante
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - S Becagli
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy.
| | - M Bertò
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - V Ciardini
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - I Crotti
- DISAT-University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - B Delmonte
- DISAT-University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - G Dreossi
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - M Frezzotti
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - J Gabrieli
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - F Giardi
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - Y Han
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S-B Hong
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S D Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - H Hwang
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Kang
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - B Narcisi
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - M Proposito
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - C Scarchilli
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - E Selmo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - M Severi
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - A Spolaor
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - B Stenni
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - R Traversi
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - R Udisti
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy; ISAC CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Characterization of Atmospheric Iron Speciation and Acid Processing at Metropolitan Newark on the US East Coast. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Sun WP, Han ZB, Hu CY, Pan JM. Source composition and seasonal variation of particulate trace element fluxes in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:318-327. [PMID: 26774295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Particulate fluxes of trace elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Co) in the polynya area of Prydz Bay were measured using time series sediment trap lasting from December 16th 2010 to December 16th 2011. The comparison of annual fluxes from different regions, the seasonality and sources of trace element, and their association with organic matters were investigated. The fluxes of Cu, Zn and Cd in the polynya area of Prydz Bay are dominated by marine biogenic sources. Their similar seasonality with the export of biological materials (biogenic silica, organic carbon, and calcite carbonate) is strongly related to the ice coverage and biological production. Mineral debris derived from Antarctic continent is suggested to account for the particulate fluxes of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb and Co in the polynya. Their seasonal variations are most likely controlled by ice melting and freezing process. Furthermore, their fluxes are also influenced by scavenging onto biogenic material for Pb and uptake by phytoplankton for Co. The excess fluxes of Cu, Zn and Cd have good relationship with organic carbon export. The coupling patterns are mainly regulated by source composition of trace elements and non-lithogenic input from atmospheric deposition or upwelling, and partly influenced by biological uptake process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Sun
- The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zheng-Bing Han
- The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Yu Hu
- The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Pan
- The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012 Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hawkings JR, Wadham JL, Tranter M, Raiswell R, Benning LG, Statham PJ, Tedstone A, Nienow P, Lee K, Telling J. Ice sheets as a significant source of highly reactive nanoparticulate iron to the oceans. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3929. [PMID: 24845560 PMCID: PMC4050262 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets cover ~\n10% of global land surface, but are rarely considered as active components of the global iron cycle. The ocean waters around both ice sheets harbour highly productive coastal ecosystems, many of which are iron limited. Measurements of iron concentrations in subglacial runoff from a large Greenland Ice Sheet catchment reveal the potential for globally significant export of labile iron fractions to the near-coastal euphotic zone. We estimate that the flux of bioavailable iron associated with glacial runoff is 0.40–2.54 Tg per year in Greenland and 0.06–0.17 Tg per year in Antarctica. Iron fluxes are dominated by a highly reactive and potentially bioavailable nanoparticulate suspended sediment fraction, similar to that identified in Antarctic icebergs. Estimates of labile iron fluxes in meltwater are comparable with aeolian dust fluxes to the oceans surrounding Greenland and Antarctica, and are similarly expected to increase in a warming climate with enhanced melting. Glacial meltwaters may help fertilize the iron-limited Polar Oceans, yet the contribution is poorly constrained. Hawkings et al. monitor iron fluxes during a full-melt season in Greenland, and propose that ice sheets provide highly reactive and potentially bioavailable iron, comparable with aeolian dust fluxes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Hawkings
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Jemma L Wadham
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Martyn Tranter
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Rob Raiswell
- Cohen Biogeochemistry Laboratory, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Liane G Benning
- Cohen Biogeochemistry Laboratory, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter J Statham
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Andrew Tedstone
- School of Geoscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Peter Nienow
- School of Geoscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Katherine Lee
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Jon Telling
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lamy F, Gersonde R, Winckler G, Esper O, Jaeschke A, Kuhn G, Ullermann J, Martinez-Garcia A, Lambert F, Kilian R. Increased dust deposition in the Pacific Southern Ocean during glacial periods. Science 2014; 343:403-7. [PMID: 24458637 DOI: 10.1126/science.1245424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dust deposition in the Southern Ocean constitutes a critical modulator of past global climate variability, but how it has varied temporally and geographically is underdetermined. Here, we present data sets of glacial-interglacial dust-supply cycles from the largest Southern Ocean sector, the polar South Pacific, indicating three times higher dust deposition during glacial periods than during interglacials for the past million years. Although the most likely dust source for the South Pacific is Australia and New Zealand, the glacial-interglacial pattern and timing of lithogenic sediment deposition is similar to dust records from Antarctica and the South Atlantic dominated by Patagonian sources. These similarities imply large-scale common climate forcings, such as latitudinal shifts of the southern westerlies and regionally enhanced glaciogenic dust mobilization in New Zealand and Patagonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Lamy
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI) Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bottos EM, Woo AC, Zawar-Reza P, Pointing SB, Cary SC. Airborne bacterial populations above desert soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 67:120-8. [PMID: 24121801 PMCID: PMC3907674 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are assumed to disperse widely via aerosolized transport due to their small size and resilience. The question of microbial endemicity in isolated populations is directly related to the level of airborne exogenous inputs, yet this has proven hard to identify. The ice-free terrestrial ecosystem of Antarctica, a geographically and climatically isolated continent, was used to interrogate microbial bio-aerosols in relation to the surrounding ecology and climate. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes was combined with analyses of climate patterns during an austral summer. In general terms, the aerosols were dominated by Firmicutes, whereas surrounding soils supported Actinobacteria-dominated communities. The most abundant taxa were also common to aerosols from other continents, suggesting that a distinct bio-aerosol community is widely dispersed. No evidence for significant marine input to bioaerosols was found at this maritime valley site, instead local influence was largely from nearby volcanic sources. Back trajectory analysis revealed transport of incoming regional air masses across the Antarctic Plateau, and this is envisaged as a strong selective force. It is postulated that local soil microbial dispersal occurs largely via stochastic mobilization of mineral soil particulates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Bottos
- />International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
- />Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Anthony C. Woo
- />Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Peyman Zawar-Reza
- />International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
- />Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephen B. Pointing
- />International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
- />Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Stephen C. Cary
- />International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
- />Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chappell A, Webb NP, Butler HJ, Strong CL, McTainsh GH, Leys JF, Viscarra Rossel RA. Soil organic carbon dust emission: an omitted global source of atmospheric CO2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3238-3244. [PMID: 23897802 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion redistributes soil organic carbon (SOC) within terrestrial ecosystems, to the atmosphere and oceans. Dust export is an essential component of the carbon (C) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) budget because wind erosion contributes to the C cycle by removing selectively SOC from vast areas and transporting C dust quickly offshore; augmenting the net loss of C from terrestrial systems. However, the contribution of wind erosion to rates of C release and sequestration is poorly understood. Here, we describe how SOC dust emission is omitted from national C accounting, is an underestimated source of CO(2) and may accelerate SOC decomposition. Similarly, long dust residence times in the unshielded atmospheric environment may considerably increase CO(2) emission. We developed a first approximation to SOC enrichment for a well-established dust emission model and quantified SOC dust emission for Australia (5.83 Tg CO(2)-e yr(-1)) and Australian agricultural soils (0.4 Tg CO(2)-e yr(-1)). These amount to underestimates for CO(2) emissions of ≈10% from combined C pools in Australia (year = 2000), ≈5% from Australian Rangelands and ≈3% of Australian Agricultural Soils by Kyoto Accounting. Northern hemisphere countries with greater dust emission than Australia are also likely to have much larger SOC dust emission. Therefore, omission of SOC dust emission likely represents a considerable underestimate from those nations' C accounts. We suggest that the omission of SOC dust emission from C cycling and C accounting is a significant global source of uncertainty. Tracing the fate of wind-eroded SOC in the dust cycle is therefore essential to quantify the release of CO(2) from SOC dust to the atmosphere and the contribution of SOC deposition to downwind C sinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Chappell
- CSIRO Sustainable Agriculture National Research Flagship, CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Middag R, de Baar HJW, Laan P, Huhn O. The effects of continental margins and water mass circulation on the distribution of dissolved aluminum and manganese in Drake Passage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jc007434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Fang Y, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Gnanadesikan A, Held I, Chen G, Vecchi G, Levy H. The impacts of changing transport and precipitation on pollutant distributions in a future climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Liu J, Fan S, Horowitz LW, Levy H. Evaluation of factors controlling long-range transport of black carbon to the Arctic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Li F, Ramaswamy V, Ginoux P, Broccoli AJ, Delworth T, Zeng F. Toward understanding the dust deposition in Antarctica during the Last Glacial Maximum: Sensitivity studies on plausible causes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Li
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - V. Ramaswamy
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; NOAA; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Paul Ginoux
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; NOAA; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Anthony J. Broccoli
- Center for Environmental Prediction and Department of Environmental Sciences; Rutgers University; New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Thomas Delworth
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; NOAA; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; NOAA; Princeton New Jersey USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Draxler RR, Ginoux P, Stein AF. An empirically derived emission algorithm for wind-blown dust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
22
|
Johnson MS, Meskhidze N, Solmon F, Gassó S, Chuang PY, Gaiero DM, Yantosca RM, Wu S, Wang Y, Carouge C. Modeling dust and soluble iron deposition to the South Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Marx SK, Kamber BS, McGowan HA, Zawadzki A. Atmospheric pollutants in alpine peat bogs record a detailed chronology of industrial and agricultural development on the Australian continent. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:1615-1628. [PMID: 20061073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two peat bogs from remote alpine sites in Australia were found to contain detailed and coherent histories of atmospheric metal pollution for Pb, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ag, As, Cd, Sb, Zn, In, Cr, Ni, Tl and V. Dramatic increases in metal deposition in the post-1850 AD portion of the cores coincide with the onset of mining in Australia. Using both Pb isotopes and metals, pollutants were ascribed to the main atmospheric pollution emitting sources in Australia, namely mining and smelting, coal combustion and agriculture. Results imply mining and metal production are the major source of atmospheric metal pollution, although coal combustion may account for up to 30% of metal pollutants. A novel finding of this study is the increase in the otherwise near-constant Y/Ho ratio after 1900 AD. We link this change to widespread and increased application of marine phosphate fertiliser in Australia's main agricultural area (the Murray Darling Basin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Marx
- Climate Research Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stohl A, Sodemann H. Characteristics of atmospheric transport into the Antarctic troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
25
|
Ganguly D, Ginoux P, Ramaswamy V, Dubovik O, Welton J, Reid EA, Holben BN. Inferring the composition and concentration of aerosols by combining AERONET and MPLNET data: Comparison with other measurements and utilization to evaluate GCM output. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
26
|
Magi BI, Ginoux P, Ming Y, Ramaswamy V. Evaluation of tropical and extratropical Southern Hemisphere African aerosol properties simulated by a climate model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Yue X, Wang H, Wang Z, Fan K. Simulation of dust aerosol radiative feedback using the Global Transport Model of Dust: 1. Dust cycle and validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Koven CD, Fung I. Identifying global dust source areas using high-resolution land surface form. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|