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Kumar AH, Ratnam MV, Jain CD. Influence of background dynamics on the vertical distribution of trace gases (CO/WV/O 3) in the UTLS region during COVID-19 lockdown over India. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 2022; 265:105876. [PMID: 36540554 PMCID: PMC9756858 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has led to the significant reductions in the pollutant levels across the globe. Several studies have been carried out for examining and quantifying the improvement in the air quality due to the reduction of the pollution at the surface. Unlike most of the studies carried out earlier on COVID-19 lockdown, this study investigates the role of the dynamics on the vertical distribution of the trace gases (Carbonmonoxide (CO), Water Vapor (WV) and Ozone (O3)) over India in the Boundary Layer (BL), Middle Troposphere (MT) and Upper Troposphere (UT) during COVID-19 lockdown using satellite observations and re-analysis data products obtained during 2010-2020. Substantial differences in the time series and variability have been observed over different zones of India in different atmospheric layers. The changes observed in these species are large over Central India compared to South India and Indo-Gangetic plain regions. An enhancement in CO (~25-40%) and WV (50-60%) has been noticed over Central India in the UT at 147 hPa and 215 hPa, respectively, during lockdown. The strong updrafts before the lockdown and the extended weak zonal wind aloft over this region are found responsible for the observed enhancement in these trace gases in the UT. In spite of the non-availability of the anthropogenic pollution during the lockdown, this study highlights the transport of pollutants through long-range transport (always present even before lockdown) dominance over the Indian region not only near the surface but also aloft due to associated atmospheric dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hemanth Kumar
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki 517112, India
| | - M Venkat Ratnam
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki 517112, India
| | - Chaithanya D Jain
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki 517112, India
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Wang H, Chai S, Tang X, Zhou B, Bian J, Vömel H, Yu K, Wang W. Verification of satellite ozone/temperature profile products and ozone effective height/temperature over Kunming, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:35-47. [PMID: 30665130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ozonesonde data from November 2013 to April 2015 over Kunming, China are used to verify ozone and temperature profile retrievals from two spaceborne instruments, the version 4.2 product from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the NASA Aura satellite and the version 6.0 product from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua satellite. We calculated and compared the ozone effective height Heff and effective temperature Teff, which are two important parameters in ground-based total ozone retrieval through the use of various profile datasets. This is used to verify the accuracy of the operative values (Heff(0) = 23 km, Teff(0) = -46.3 °C (or -45 °C)) from the World Meteorological Organization. The results show that the deviation of MLS and AIRS ozone profiles from ozone sounding data has significant oscillation and scatter in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The average difference of MLS at 82.5 hPa is (80.5 ± 65.1) %, and that of AIRS at 70 and 100 hPa are (105.6 ± 74.9) % and (107.0 ± 67.8) %, respectively. The two satellite temperature profiles have differences within ±3 °C and can effectively describe the vertical distribution and variation of temperature. When calculating the Heff and Teff, upper stratospheric data missing from the sounding data must be filled in by the satellite profile data; otherwise the calculated results will show large errors of 3.2 km and 3.3 °C. The Heff and Teff at Kunming are respectively 24.36 to 25.51 km and -48.3 to -43.6 °C. The operational Heff and Teff used at Kunming ozone observation station clearly do not conform to the actual situation and must be corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Atmosphere Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Suying Chai
- Department of Atmosphere Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunan Institute of Environmental Science, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianchun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Holger Vömel
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ke Yu
- Meteorological Information Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Atmosphere Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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An Overview of the Science Performances and Calibration/Validation of Joint Polar Satellite System Operational Products. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite, launched in October 2011, initiated a series of the next-generation weather satellites for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program. The JPSS program at the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (JSTAR) leads the development of the algorithms, the calibration and validation of the products to meet the specified requirements, and long-term science performance monitoring and maintenance. All of the S-NPP products have been validated and are in successful operation. The recently launched JPSS-1 (renamed as NOAA-20) satellite is producing high-quality data products that have been available from S-NPP, along with additional products, as a direct result of the instrument upgrades and science improvements. This paper presents an overview of the JPSS product suite, the performance metrics achieved for the S-NPP, and the utilization of the products by NOAA stakeholders and user agencies worldwide. The status of NOAA-20 science data products and ongoing calibration/validation (Cal/Val) efforts are discussed for user awareness. In addition, operational implementation statuses of JPSS enterprise (multisensor and multiplatform) science algorithms for product generation and science product reprocessing efforts for the S-NPP mission are discussed.
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Aerosol and Meteorological Parameters Associated with the Intense Dust Event of 15 April 2015 over Beijing, China. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Contrasting subtropical PV intrusion frequency and their impact on tropospheric Ozone distribution over Pacific Ocean in El-Niño and La-Niña conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11987. [PMID: 28931881 PMCID: PMC5607222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper tropospheric equatorial westerly ducts over the Pacific Ocean are the preferred location for Rossby wave breaking events during boreal winter and spring. These subtropical wave breaking events lead to the intrusion of high PV (potential vorticity) air along the extra-tropical tropopause and transport ozone rich dry stratospheric air into the tropics. The intrusion frequency has strong interannual variability due to ENSO (El-Niño/Southern Oscillation), with more events under La-Niña and less under El-Niño conditions. This may result from stronger equatorial westerly ducts and subtropical jets during La-Niña and weaker during El-Niño. It was previously suggested that the interannual variability of the tropospheric ozone distribution over the central-eastern Pacific Ocean is mainly driven by convective activity related to ENSO and that the barotropic nature of the subtropical intrusions restricts the tracers within the UT. However, our analysis shows that tropospheric ozone concentration and subtropical intrusions account ~65% of the co- variability (below 5 km) in the outer tropical (10-25°N) central Pacific Ocean, particularly during La-Niña conditions. Additionally, we find a two-fold increase and westward shift in the intrusion frequency over the Pacific Ocean, due to the climate regime shift in SST pattern during 1997/98.
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Nath D, Chen W, Graf HF, Lan X, Gong H, Nath R, Hu K, Wang L. Subtropical Potential Vorticity Intrusion Drives Increasing Tropospheric Ozone over the Tropical Central Pacific. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21370. [PMID: 26868836 PMCID: PMC4751467 DOI: 10.1038/srep21370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawn from multiple reanalysis datasets, an increasing trend and westward shift in the number of Potential Vorticity intrusion events over the Pacific are evident. The increased frequency can be linked to a long-term trend in upper tropospheric equatorial westerly wind and subtropical jets during boreal winter to spring. These may be resulting from anomalous warming and cooling over the western Pacific warm pool and the tropical eastern Pacific, respectively. The intrusions brought dry and ozone rich air of stratospheric origin deep into the tropics. In the tropical upper troposphere, interannual ozone variability is mainly related to convection associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Zonal mean stratospheric overturning circulation organizes the transport of ozone rich air poleward and downward to the high and midlatitudes leading there to higher ozone concentration. In addition to these well described mechanisms, we observe a long-term increasing trend in ozone flux over the northern hemispheric outer tropical (10-25°N) central Pacific that results from equatorward transport and downward mixing from the midlatitude upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during PV intrusions. This increase in tropospheric ozone flux over the Pacific Ocean may affect the radiative processes and changes the budget of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Nath
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hans-F Graf
- Center for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaoqing Lan
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hainan Gong
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Reshmita Nath
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaiming Hu
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Prata AJ, Gangale G, Clarisse L, Karagulian F. Ash and sulfur dioxide in the 2008 eruptions of Okmok and Kasatochi: Insights from high spectral resolution satellite measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pittman JV, Pan LL, Wei JC, Irion FW, Liu X, Maddy ES, Barnet CD, Chance K, Gao RS. Evaluation of AIRS, IASI, and OMI ozone profile retrievals in the extratropical tropopause region using in situ aircraft measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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