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Lobo MTMPS, Scalize PS, Kraus CN, da Silva WJ, Garnier J, da Motta Marques D, Bonnet MP, de Souza Nogueira I. Biological index based on epiphytic diatom assemblages is more restrictive than the physicochemical index in water assessment on an Amazon floodplain, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10642-10657. [PMID: 31939021 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) provides protection for freshwater life promoting healthy ecosystems and safeguarding human health. Biological Diatom Index (BDI) was developed to indicate the ecological status and water quality of freshwater systems. This paper evaluates the relations between the two different indices. During rising and falling, water samples were taken in the Curuai Floodplain, Brazil. CWQI was calculated using 14 physicochemical parameters and 1 microbiological parameter. The limits were established according to freshwater quality conditions and standards based on water use classes 1 and 2 determined in CONAMA 357 legislation and British Columbia. Canadian Water Quality Index categorization ranged from "marginal" to "excellent," most sampling units were "good" (71%), followed by "fair" (12%) and "excellent" (12%) water quality. Total phosphorus (38 times), chlorophyll a (20), dissolved oxygen (10), and total organic carbon (10) were the parameters that presented the most non-compliance values. Encyonema silesiacum (14%), Gomphonema parvulum (13%), and Navicula cryptotenella (12%) were the main taxa in the rising period, while G. lagenula, E. silesiacum, and Fragilaria capucina were the main taxa during the falling period. BDI ranges from I to V water quality classes. We observed "poor" to "very good" ecological status, with most sampling units "moderate" (52%) and "good" (29%). Water quality for class 2 was better than water quality for class 1, as the limits of the parameters evaluated were more restrictive in class 1 than in class 2 and the predominant uses of water require a higher degree of water purity. The biological index based on diatoms was the most restrictive index whose water classes and categorizations have shown an ecological status that could threaten the protection of aquatic communities on the Curuai floodplain. We suggest the combined use of both indices-physicochemical and biological for water quality assessment in this type of environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tereza Morais Pereira Souza Lobo
- Programa de Pós-graduação Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Análise e Gerenciamento Ambiental de Recursos Hídricos (LAMARH), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Alameda Palmeiras - Quadra I - Lote i2, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Sérgio Scalize
- Programa de Pós-graduação Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
- Escola de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Goiânia, GO, 74.605-220, Brazil
| | - Cleber Nunes Kraus
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Brasília, Planaltina, DF, 73.340-710, Brazil
| | - Weliton José da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86.057-970, Brazil
| | - Jérémie Garnier
- Laboratório de Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
- Joint International Laboratory LMI OCE 'Observatory of Environmental Change', UnB/IRD, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - David da Motta Marques
- Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 91.501-970, Brazil
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Espace-DEV, Maison de la télédétection, 500 rue J.F. Breton, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Paule Bonnet
- Joint International Laboratory LMI OCE 'Observatory of Environmental Change', UnB/IRD, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Espace-DEV, Maison de la télédétection, 500 rue J.F. Breton, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Ina de Souza Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análise e Gerenciamento Ambiental de Recursos Hídricos (LAMARH), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Alameda Palmeiras - Quadra I - Lote i2, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
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Azevedo LS, Pestana IA, Nery AFDC, Bastos WR, Souza CMM. Influence of the flood pulse on mercury accumulation in detritivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous fish in Brazilian Amazonia. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:478-485. [PMID: 31025154 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hg accumulation in fish is influenced by several factors including seasonality. In the Amazon, ecosystems are marked by strong seasonal variation in precipitation, which leads to drastic changes in the water level of lakes and rivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate Hg levels in muscle of detritivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous fish from an Amazon lake (Madeira River Basin, Amazonas, Brazil) over four seasons (rising water, high water, falling water and low water). We hypothesized that total Hg concentration varies during the seasons. The results indicate that total Hg levels in detritivorous fish were higher in rising and low water seasons while in herbivorous and omnivorous fish the total Hg concentration was higher during the rising water season. The hypothesis was supported by the results. Additionally, the study provides evidence that Hg levels in fish with different feeding habits are influenced by the flood pulse of the Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Silva Azevedo
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Inácio Abreu Pestana
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | | | - Wanderley Rodrigues Bastos
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76815-800, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Magalhães Souza
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
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Carvalho Freitas CE, Laurenson L, Yamamoto KC, Forsberg BR, Petrere M, Arantes C, Siqueira-Souza FK. Fish species richness is associated with the availability of landscape components across seasons in the Amazonian floodplain. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5080. [PMID: 29942707 PMCID: PMC6015757 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding environmental biodiversity drivers in freshwater systems continues to be a fundamental challenge in studies of their fish assemblages. The present study seeks to determine the degree to which landscape variables of Amazonian floodplain lakes influences fish assemblages in these environments. Fish species richness was estimated in 15 Amazonian floodplain lakes during the high and low-water phases and correlated with the areas of four inundated wetland classes: (i) open water, (ii) flooded herbaceous, (iii) flooded shrubs and (iv) flooded forest estimated in different radius circular areas around each sampling site. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models with fish species richness, total and guilds as the dependent variable and estimates of buffered landscape areas as explanatory variables. Our analysis identified the significance of landscape variables in determining the diversity of fish assemblages in Amazonian floodplain lakes. Spatial scale was also identified as a significant determinant of fish diversity as landscape effects were more evident at larger spatial scales. In particular, (1) total species richness was more sensitive to variations in the landscape areas than number of species within guilds and (2) the spatial extent of the wetland class of shrubs was consistently the more influential on fish species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Edwar Carvalho Freitas
- Department of Fisheries Sciences/Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Laurie Laurenson
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences/Faculty of Science, Engineering & Built Environment, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - Kedma Cristine Yamamoto
- Department of Fisheries Sciences/Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bruce Rider Forsberg
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Miguel Petrere
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Caroline Arantes
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Flavia Kelly Siqueira-Souza
- Department of Fisheries Sciences/Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Castello L, Macedo MN. Large-scale degradation of Amazonian freshwater ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:990-1007. [PMID: 26700407 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrological connectivity regulates the structure and function of Amazonian freshwater ecosystems and the provisioning of services that sustain local populations. This connectivity is increasingly being disrupted by the construction of dams, mining, land-cover changes, and global climate change. This review analyzes these drivers of degradation, evaluates their impacts on hydrological connectivity, and identifies policy deficiencies that hinder freshwater ecosystem protection. There are 154 large hydroelectric dams in operation today, and 21 dams under construction. The current trajectory of dam construction will leave only three free-flowing tributaries in the next few decades if all 277 planned dams are completed. Land-cover changes driven by mining, dam and road construction, agriculture and cattle ranching have already affected ~20% of the Basin and up to ~50% of riparian forests in some regions. Global climate change will likely exacerbate these impacts by creating warmer and dryer conditions, with less predictable rainfall and more extreme events (e.g., droughts and floods). The resulting hydrological alterations are rapidly degrading freshwater ecosystems, both independently and via complex feedbacks and synergistic interactions. The ecosystem impacts include biodiversity loss, warmer stream temperatures, stronger and more frequent floodplain fires, and changes to biogeochemical cycles, transport of organic and inorganic materials, and freshwater community structure and function. The impacts also include reductions in water quality, fish yields, and availability of water for navigation, power generation, and human use. This degradation of Amazonian freshwater ecosystems cannot be curbed presently because existing policies are inconsistent across the Basin, ignore cumulative effects, and overlook the hydrological connectivity of freshwater ecosystems. Maintaining the integrity of these freshwater ecosystems requires a basinwide research and policy framework to understand and manage hydrological connectivity across multiple spatial scales and jurisdictional boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Castello
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Marcia N Macedo
- Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Rd., Falmouth, MA 02540, United States
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, SHIN CA 5, Bloco J2, Sala 309, , Bairro-Lago Norte, Brasília-DF 71503-505, Brazil
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Correa SB, Winemiller KO. Niche partitioning among frugivorous fishes in response to fluctuating resources in the Amazonian floodplain forest. Ecology 2014; 95:210-24. [PMID: 24649660 DOI: 10.1890/13-0393.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to temporal changes in the quality and availability of food resources, consumers should adjust their foraging behavior in a manner that maximizes energy and nutrient intake and, when resources are limiting, minimizes dietary overlap with other consumers. Floodplains of the Amazon and its lowland tributaries are characterized by strong, yet predictable, hydrological seasonality, seasonal availability of fruits, seeds, and other food resources of terrestrial origin, and diverse assemblages of frugivorous fishes, including morphologically similar species of several characiform families. Here, we investigated how diets of frugivorous fishes in the Amazon change in response to fluctuations in food availability, and how this influences patterns of interspecific dietary overlap. We tested predictions from classical theories of foraging and resource competition by estimating changes in diet breadth and overlap across seasons. We monitored fruiting phenology to assess food availability, and surveyed local fish populations during three hydrological seasons in an oligotrophic river and an adjacent oxbow lake in the Colombian Amazon. We analyzed stomach contents and stable isotope data to evaluate temporal and interspecific relationships for dietary composition, breadth, and overlap. Diets of six species of characiform fishes representing three genera changed according to seasonal fluctuations in food availability, and patterns of diet breadth and interspecific overlap during the peak flood pulse were consistent with predictions of optimal foraging theory. During times of high fruit abundance, fishes consumed items to which their functional morphological traits seemed best adapted, potentially enhancing net energy and nutritional gains. As the annual flood pulse subsided and availability of forest food resources in aquatic habitats changed, there was not a consistent pattern of diet breadth expansion or compression. Nonetheless, shifts in both diet composition and stable isotope ratios of consumer tissues during this period resulted in trophic niche segregation in a pattern consistent with competition theory.
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Amazon River carbon dioxide outgassing fuelled by wetlands. Nature 2013; 505:395-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Silva TSF, Melack JM, Novo EMLM. Responses of aquatic macrophyte cover and productivity to flooding variability on the Amazon floodplain. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3379-3389. [PMID: 23818397 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophyte net primary productivity (NPP) is a significant but understudied component of the carbon budget in large Amazonian floodplains. Annual NPP is determined by the interaction between stem elongation (vertical growth) and plant cover changes (horizontal expansion), each affected differently by flood duration and amplitude. Therefore, hydrological changes as predicted for the Amazon basin could result in significant changes in annual macrophyte NPP. This study investigates the responses of macrophyte horizontal expansion and vertical growth to flooding variability, and its possible effects on the contribution of macrophytes to the carbon budget of Amazonian floodplains. Monthly macrophyte cover was estimated using satellite imagery for the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 hydrological years, and biomass was measured in situ between 2003 and 2004. Regression models between macrophyte variables and river-stage data were used to build a semiempirical model of macrophyte NPP as a function of water level. Historical river-stage records (1970-2011) were used to simulate variations in NPP, as a function of annual flooding. Vertical growth varied by a factor of ca. 2 over the simulated years, whereas minimum and maximum annual cover varied by ca. 3.5 and 1.5, respectively. Results suggest that these processes act in opposite directions to determine macrophyte NPP, with larger sensitivity to changes in vertical growth, and thus maximum flooding levels. Years with uncommonly large flooding amplitude resulted in the highest NPP values, as both horizontal expansion and vertical growth were enhanced under these conditions. Over the simulated period, annual NPP varied by ca. 1.5 (1.06-1.63 TgC yr(-1) ). A small increasing trend in flooding amplitude, and by extension NPP, was observed for the studied period. Variability in growth rates caused by local biotic and abiotic factors, and the lack of knowledge on macrophyte physiological responses to extreme hydrological conditions remain the major sources of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S F Silva
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jd. Granja, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
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Castello L, McGrath DG, Hess LL, Coe MT, Lefebvre PA, Petry P, Macedo MN, Renó VF, Arantes CC. The vulnerability of Amazon freshwater ecosystems. Conserv Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura L. Hess
- Earth Research Institute; University of California; Santa Barbara; California; USA
| | - Michael T. Coe
- The Woods Hole Research Center; Falmouth; Massachusetts; USA
| | | | - Paulo Petry
- The Nature Conservancy, Latin American Conservation Region; Boston; Massachusetts; USA
| | | | - Vivian F. Renó
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos; São Paulo; Brazil
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Davidson EA, de Araújo AC, Artaxo P, Balch JK, Brown IF, C Bustamante MM, Coe MT, DeFries RS, Keller M, Longo M, Munger JW, Schroeder W, Soares-Filho BS, Souza CM, Wofsy SC. The Amazon basin in transition. Nature 2012; 481:321-8. [PMID: 22258611 DOI: 10.1038/nature10717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural expansion and climate variability have become important agents of disturbance in the Amazon basin. Recent studies have demonstrated considerable resilience of Amazonian forests to moderate annual drought, but they also show that interactions between deforestation, fire and drought potentially lead to losses of carbon storage and changes in regional precipitation patterns and river discharge. Although the basin-wide impacts of land use and drought may not yet surpass the magnitude of natural variability of hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles, there are some signs of a transition to a disturbance-dominated regime. These signs include changing energy and water cycles in the southern and eastern portions of the Amazon basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Davidson
- The Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540-1644, USA.
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Davidson EA, Figueiredo RO, Markewitz D, Aufdenkampe AK. Dissolved CO2in small catchment streams of eastern Amazonia: A minor pathway of terrestrial carbon loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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