1
|
Wallner S, Kocifaj M. Aerosol impact on light pollution in cities and their environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117534. [PMID: 36812684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of artificial light at night represent an incredible challenge as the optical state of the atmosphere is highly unstable thus making both long-term trend analyses and inter-comparison of multiple observations difficult. Variations of atmospheric parameters, caused by either natural or anthropogenic processes, can massively influence the level of resulting night sky brightness caused by light pollution. Focusing on six parameters, either from aerosol optics or emission properties of light sources, this work literarily and numerically examines defined variations in aerosol optical depth, asymmetry parameter, single scattering albedo, ground surface reflectance, direct uplight ratio, and aerosol scale height. For each individual element the effect size and angular reliance is investigated, with results indicating that besides the aerosol scale height all play non-negligible roles in forming skyglow and environmental impact. Especially variations in aerosol optical depth and city emission function displayed severe discrepancies in consequential light pollution level. Hence, future improvement on atmospheric condition, i.e., air quality, focusing particularly on discussed elements indicates to positively influence the level of environmental impact caused by artificial light at night. We underline the need of inclusion of our outcomes to urban development and civil engineering processes in order to create or protect habitable areas for humans, wildlife and nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wallner
- ICA, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84503, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstraße 17, A-1180, Wien, Austria.
| | - Miroslav Kocifaj
- ICA, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84503, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska é Dolina, 84248, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Myllys N. The role of hydration in atmospheric salt particle formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7394-7400. [PMID: 36843365 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
New-particle formation from condensable acid and base molecules is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the atmosphere. The role of water in salt particle formation is not fully understood as it can stabilize or destabilize cluster structures, which leads to non-linear effects on cluster formation dynamics. In the studied systems, increased relative humidity can enhance the particle formation for up to four orders of magnitude in the case of nitric acid, but it can also slightly reduce the particle formation in the cases of sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid. As the effect of relative humidity in salt particle formation varies many orders of magnitude depending on the acid and base molecules, neglecting hydration or using the same value for different systems may introduce remarkable inaccuracies in large-scale models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Myllys
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. .,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scavenging of Black Carbon Aerosols by Radiation Fog in Urban Central China. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiation fog episodes are characterized by aerosol radiative properties measured at Hefei in urban central China, which hopefully benefits numerical weather prediction and air quality improvement for local governments. In this study, a high mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) is seen over Hefei during the sampling period, whereas an AOD of ~3.0 at 550 nm is observed during the fog episodes. We redefine the fog scavenging coefficient based on its starting and ending points in time, and a black carbon (BC) scavenging coefficient of 30% is observed. Meanwhile, the fog process cannot reduce aerosol number concentrations at size bins between 0.5 and 0.6 μm, whereas a mean particle scavenging coefficient of 21% at sizes within 0.6–1 μm is seen. Significantly large median aerosol scattering coefficient (2690 Mm−1) and absorption coefficient (446 Mm−1) at 550 nm, and low scattering Angstrom exponent in fog are observed, while distinctive particle size distributions between fog and haze are shown. Particle mean size distribution in fog is lower than that in haze at size bins between 0.7 and 2.1 μm, whereas the reverse is true for sizes within 0.5–0.7 μm and larger than 2.1 μm. Aerosol scattering during fog episodes undergoes a bigger increase than particle absorption, and this increase of scattering in fog is even higher than in haze. Median single scattering albedos of 0.86, 0.82, and 0.76 at 550 nm and aerosol radiative forcing efficiencies of −15.0, −14.0, and −10.0 W/m2 are seen for fog, haze and clear periods, respectively, and more negative radiative forcing efficiency emphasizes the significance of fog episodes on climate forcing. Our study clearly reveals the changes of aerosol radiative properties during radiation fog, particularly a synchronous variation of fog aerosol backscattering ratio with the visibility, indicating that more large particles are formed with fog becoming thicker and are scavenged with the dissipation of fog.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mao N, Antley J, Cooper M, Shah N, Kadam A, Khalizov A. Heterogeneous Chemistry of Mercuric Chloride on Inorganic Salt Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3943-3952. [PMID: 33914544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) is a major chemical form responsible for deposition of atmospheric mercury, but its interaction with environmental surfaces is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the uptake of gaseous HgCl2, used as a GOM surrogate, by several inorganic salts representative of marine and urban aerosols. The process was studied in a fast flow reactor coupled to an ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometer, where gaseous HgCl2 was quantitatively detected as HgCl2·NO3-. Uptake curves showed a common behavior, where upon exposure of the salt surface to HgCl2, the gas-phase concentration of the latter dropped rapidly and then recovered gradually. None of the salts produced a full recovery of HgCl2, indicating the presence of an irreversible chemical reaction in addition to reversible adsorption, and all salts showed reactive behavior consistent with the presence of surface sites of a high and a low reactivity. On the basis of the decrease in the uptake coefficient with increasing concentration of gaseous HgCl2, we conclude that the interaction follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The reactivity of a deactivated salt surface after uptake could be partially restored by cycling through an elevated relative humidity at atmospheric pressure. The overall surface reactivity decreased in the series Na2SO4 > NaCl > (NH4)2SO4 > NH4NO3. The uptake on NH4NO3 was nearly fully reversible, with low values of the initial (0.4 × 10-2) and steady-state (3.3 × 10-4) uptake coefficients, whereas Na2SO4 was significantly more reactive (3.1 × 10-2 and 1.7 × 10-3). Depending on the aerosol loading, the lifetimes of gaseous HgCl2 on dry urban and marine particles (as pure (NH4)2SO4 and NaCl, respectively) were estimated to range from half an hour to about a day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - John Antley
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.,Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Neil Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Anuradha Kadam
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.,New Jersey School of Architecture, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Alexei Khalizov
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Zhang F, Yan P, Wang X, Sun L, Li Y, Zhang X, Sun Y, Li Z. The large proportion of black carbon (BC)-containing aerosols in the urban atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114507. [PMID: 32283398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The accurate derivation of the proportion and absorption enhancement of black carbon (BC)-containing aerosols in the atmosphere is critical to assess their effect on air quality and climate. Here, using the field measured size-resolved volatility shrink factor, BC bulk mass concentration and the BC mass fraction in BC-containing particles in winter Beijing, we retrieved and quantified both the number and mass concentration of (1) non-BC, (2) internally mixed BC and (3) externally mixed BC of ambient fine aerosol particles. The reliability of the retrieval method has been evaluated by comparing with the simultaneously measured data. The number fraction of BC-containing particles accounts for 60-78% of ambient fine particles, with internally (both BC core and coating materials) and externally mixed BC of 51-64% and 9-23%, respectively. Only for nucleated particles on clean days, when nucleation is a major source of aerosol particles, did the non-BC component dominate (54%). A large amount of aerosols are BC-containing particles, with mass fraction of 32-52%, suggesting the dominant role of BC in elevating mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) in a polluted urban area. We also show that the BC particles are thickly coated with coating thickness (characterized by Dp/Dc, ratio of the BC diameter before and after heating at 300 °C) of 1.6-2.2, implying efficient aging of BC particles in polluted urban area. Our results imply a large proportion of BC-containing particles in the atmosphere, which could help towards understanding the role of BC on regional haze formation and climate forcing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Peng Yan
- Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yanan Li
- Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Zhanqing Li
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Z, Kang S, Li C, Yan F, Chen P, Gao S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Sillanpää M. Light absorption of biomass burning and vehicle emission-sourced carbonaceous aerosols of the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15369-15378. [PMID: 28502054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau originate primarily from biomass burning and vehicle emissions (BB and VEs, respectively). The light absorption characteristics of these carbonaceous aerosols are closely correlated with the burning conditions and represent key factors that influence climate forcing. In this study, the light absorption characteristics of elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM2.5 (fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm) generated from BB and VEs were investigated over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results showed that the organic carbon (OC)/EC ratios from BB- and VE-sourced PM2.5 were 17.62 ± 10.19 and 1.19 ± 0.36, respectively. These values were higher than the ratios in other regions, which was primarily because of the diminished amount of oxygen over the TP. The mass absorption cross section of EC (MACEC) at 632 nm for the BB-sourced PM2.5 (6.10 ± 1.21 m2.g-1) was lower than that of the VE-sourced PM2.5 (8.10 ± 0.98 m2.g-1), indicating that the EC content of the BB-sourced PM2.5 was overestimated because of the high OC/EC ratio. The respective absorption per mass (α/ρ) values at 365 nm for the VE- and BB-sourced PM2.5 were 0.71 ± 0.17 m2.g-1 and 0.91 ± 0.18 m2.g-1. The α/ρ value of the VEs was loaded between that of gasoline and diesel emissions, indicating that the VE-sourced PM2.5 originated from both types of emissions. Because OC and WSOC accounts for most of the carbonaceous aerosols at remote area of the TP, the radiative forcing contributed by the WSOC should be high, and requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chaoliu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Fangping Yan
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yulan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, -33174, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao X, Xu H, Shang J, Yuan L, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Luan X, Hu G, Chu H, Zhu T, Jia G. Ozonized carbon black induces mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:944-955. [PMID: 27298188 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon and tropospheric ozone (O3 ), which are major air pollutants in China, are hazardous to humans following inhalation. Black carbon can be oxidized by O3 forming secondary particles of which the health effects are unknown. The present study utilized carbon black as a representative of black carbon to characterize the cytotoxicity induced by secondary particles in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and C57BL/6J mice, and to investigate the implicated molecular pathways. Two types of carbon black including untreated carbon black (UCB) and ozonized carbon black (OCB) were presented. The effects of carbon black on cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular ATP, and mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytoplasmic cytochrome c ratio were assessed in 16HBE. In addition, an alkaline comet assay and a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test with 16HBE cells in vitro and ELISA method for serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and a bone marrow micronucleus (BMN) test with C57BL/6J mice in vivo were performed to detect the genotoxicity. When compared with UCB exposed cells, OCB exposed cells had decreased cell viability, increased cell death rate, increased comet length and decreased MMP at 24 h exposure. UCB induced higher level of intracellular ROS than OCB from 4 to 23 h. No changes were observed for both OCB and UCB in serum 8-OHdG, intracellular ATP and mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytoplasmic cytochrome c ratio. The results of CBMN and BMN tests are negative. Intracellular ROS induced by OCB was lower than that of UCB. In summary, ozonization enhances the mitochondrial toxicity and genotoxicity of carbon black. Oxidative stress may not dominate in toxic effects of OCB. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 944-955, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huadong Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lele Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xianguo Luan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Guiping Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Mao M. Brown haze types due to aerosol pollution at Hefei in the summer and fall. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:1153-1162. [PMID: 25460756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brown haze episodes were evaluated at Hefei in the summer (June-August) and fall (September-November) seasons, and typical haze types were identified by air-mass back-trajectories and fire spot maps. Compared with clear weather conditions, larger median single scattering albedo values of 0.82 and 0.78 at 550 nm were obtained for the summer and fall haze episodes, respectively. Further, the observed lower scattering Angstrom exponents imply that more large particles than small particles dominated the haze plumes, which is in agreement with the profiles of size distribution. Particles during a haze episode in Hefei grow to a size such that the 0.10 limit for the backscattering ratio is reached, which may indicate that the aged aerosols promote the formation of haze episodes. Three typical haze types were identified: biomass burning, anthropogenic industrial and traffic emissions, and brown carbon. Less negative aerosol radiative forcing efficiencies of -12.7 and -10.9 W m(-2) in summer and fall were estimated, respectively, for haze impacted by biomass burning, which emphasizes an enhanced significance of biomass burning aerosols on climate forcing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mao Mao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aerosol Optical Properties of a Haze Episode in Wuhan Based on Ground-Based and Satellite Observations. ATMOSPHERE 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos5040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
Langridge JM, Lack D, Brock CA, Bahreini R, Middlebrook AM, Neuman JA, Nowak JB, Perring AE, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Holloway JS, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Roberts JM, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Trainer MK, Murphy DM. Evolution of aerosol properties impacting visibility and direct climate forcing in an ammonia-rich urban environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Matsui H, Koike M, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Wiedensohler A, Fast JD, Zaveri RA. Impact of new particle formation on the concentrations of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei around Beijing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Noh YM, Müller D, Mattis I, Lee H, Kim YJ. Vertically resolved light-absorption characteristics and the influence of relative humidity on particle properties: Multiwavelength Raman lidar observations of East Asian aerosol types over Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
13
|
Zhu T, Shang J, Zhao D. The roles of heterogeneous chemical processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Matsui H, Koike M, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Fast JD, Pöschl U, Garland RM, Andreae MO, Wiedensohler A, Sugimoto N, Zhu T. Spatial and temporal variations of aerosols around Beijing in summer 2006: 2. Local and column aerosol optical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Freney EJ, Adachi K, Buseck PR. Internally mixed atmospheric aerosol particles: Hygroscopic growth and light scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Eck TF, Holben BN, Sinyuk A, Pinker RT, Goloub P, Chen H, Chatenet B, Li Z, Singh RP, Tripathi SN, Reid JS, Giles DM, Dubovik O, O'Neill NT, Smirnov A, Wang P, Xia X. Climatological aspects of the optical properties of fine/coarse mode aerosol mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Guo Z, Li Z, Farquhar J, Kaufman AJ, Wu N, Li C, Dickerson RR, Wang P. Identification of sources and formation processes of atmospheric sulfate by sulfur isotope and scanning electron microscope measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Wehner B, Berghof M, Cheng YF, Achtert P, Birmili W, Nowak A, Wiedensohler A, Garland RM, Pöschl U, Hu M, Zhu T. Mixing state of nonvolatile aerosol particle fractions and comparison with light absorption in the polluted Beijing region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|