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Singh A, Anchule A, Banerjee T, Aditi K, Mhawish A. Three-dimensional nature of summertime aerosols over South Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156834. [PMID: 35750188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (temporal-spatial-vertical) climatology of South Asian summertime (MAMJ, 2010-2019) aerosols and aerosol sub-types was explored using multiple high-resolution satellite-based observations and reanalysis dataset. Vertical stratification of aerosol layer and aerosol sub-types was identified using observation from space-borne lidar. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) was particularly high across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP; AOD ± SD: 0.56 ± 0.12) and over eastern coast of India (AOD: 0.6-0.8), with prevalence of heterogeneous aerosol sub-types having strong spatial gradient. Clearly, aerosols over north-western arid part were highly absorbing (Ultra-violet Aerosol Index, UVAI > 0.80) and coarse (Ångström exponent, AE < 0.8), with an indication of desert/-mineral dust aerosols. In contrast, fine and moderate to non-absorbing aerosols (UVAI: 0.20-0.50) dominate from central to lower IGP, including in Bangladesh, with signature of anthropogenic emissions. Prevailing aerosols over twelve South Asian cities were classified into six aerosol sub-types constraining their particle size and UV-absorbing potential. Overall, mineral dust, smoke and urban aerosols were the three major aerosol sub-types that prevail across South Asia during summer. In particular, 58-70 % of retrieval days over Karachi and Multan were dust dominated; 57-64 % days were dust or urban aerosols dominated over Lahore, Delhi, Kanpur and Varanasi, and 56-77 % days were smoke or urban aerosols dominated over Dhaka, Kathmandu, Chennai, Mumbai, Colombo and Nagpur. Prevailing aerosols were vertically stratified as 50-70 % of total AOD was retrieved <2 km from the surface except in few cities where 70-80 % of AOD was retrieved <3 km height. Mineral dust and/or urban aerosols emerged as the most abundant aerosol types near the surface (<1 km) in all the cities except in Chennai, with their abundance remained as a function of emission sources and geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Avinash Anchule
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Kumari Aditi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Alaa Mhawish
- Lab of Environmental Remote Sensing, School of Marine Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Banerjee T, Anchule A, Sorek-Hamer M, Latif MT. Vertical stratification of aerosols over South Asian cities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119776. [PMID: 35841987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examines vertically resolved aerosol optical properties retrieved from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard CALIPSO satellite over several cities across South Asia from March 2010 to February 2021. Atmospheric layer-specific stratification of aerosols and dominant aerosol sub-types was recognized over each city with their seasonal trends. A contrasting pattern in aerosol vertical distribution over cities across Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) was noted compared to non-IGP cities, with considerable dependency on geographic location of the city itself. In all the cases, total extinction decreased with increasing altitude however, with varying degree of slope. A clear intrusion of transported aerosols at higher altitude (>3 km) was also evident. Extinction coefficient of type-separated aerosols indicate robust contribution of smoke aerosols, urban aerosols/polluted dust, and mineral dust below 3 km height. At higher altitude (>3 km), dust and urban aerosols dominate over majority of the stations. Overall, 51% of total columnar aerosols remained within 0-1 km height over South Asian cities, slightly high over the IGP (57%) against non-IGP cities (39%). Such distribution also has a seasonal pattern with higher fraction of aerosols remaining below 1 km during post-monsoon (October-November, 62%) and winter (December-February, 72%) compared to summer months (March-May, 39%). When partitioned against planetary boundary layer (PBL), 41% (59%) of aerosols remained within the PBL (free troposphere) that too exhibiting strong diurnal variations irrespective of seasons. Dominating aerosol types and their contribution to total aerosol loading was explored by comparing type-based aerosol extinction against total aerosol extinction. Dust, smoke and urban aerosols emerged as three predominating aerosol types, while presence of marine aerosol was noted over the coastal cities. Major fraction of smoke and urban aerosols remained within 2 km height from surface. In contrast, efficient transport of dust aerosol above 2 km height was evident particularly over IGP during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthankar Banerjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Avinash Anchule
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Meytar Sorek-Hamer
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), California, United States; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States
| | - Mohd T Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Understanding Haze: Modeling Size-Resolved Mineral Aerosol from Satellite Remote Sensing. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mineral dust aerosols are composed of a complex mixture of silicates, carbonates, oxides, and sulfates. The minerals’ chemical composition and size distribution are vital parameters to evaluate dust environmental impacts. However, the quantification of minerals remains a challenge due to the sparse in situ measurements of dust samples. Here we derive the size-resolved mineralogical composition of airborne dust aerosols from MODIS (Terra and Aqua) satellite-acquired optical measurements and compare it with chemically analyzed elemental (Al, Fe, Ca, Mg) concentrations of aerosols for PM2.5 and PM10 from Chonburi, Chiang Rai, and Bangkok in Thailand, and from Singapore. MODIS-derived mineral retrievals exhibited high correlations with elemental concentrations with R2 ≥ 0.84 for PM2.5 and ≥0.96 for PM10. High mineral dust activity was detected in the vicinity of biomass-burning areas with gypsum and calcite exhibiting tracer characteristics of combustion. The spatiotemporal pattern of the MODIS-derived minerals matched with Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)-derived dust, sulfates, and carbonaceous aerosols, indicating the model’s consistency. Variation in aerosol loading by ±90% led to deviation in the mineral concentration by <10%. An uncertainty of 6.4% between AERONET-measured and MODIS-derived AOD corresponds to a < ± 2% uncertainty in MODIS-derived mineral concentration, demonstrating the robustness of the model.
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Qi B, Che H, Du R, Liang Z, Sun T, Wang J, Niu Y, Xu H, Hu D, Huang J. Seasonal variation of atmospheric vertical extinction and its interaction with meteorological factors in the Yangtze River Delta region. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125768. [PMID: 31962225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on ground-based lidar and microwave radiometer observations in Hangzhou from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015, the monthly characteristics of diurnal extinction as well as atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) were studied. The interactions between temperature (T), humidity fields including relative humidity (RH) and specific humidity (SH) and atmospheric stratification (AS) were analyzed to discuss the meteorological factors in the Yangtze River Delta region during the study period. The top of ABLMPL varied from 0.8 km to 1.0 km throughout in January with higher extinction intensity close to the surface combined to the largest PM2.5 about 100-120 μg/m3. Then the ABLMPL could develop up to 1.5 km in the spring due to the weaker extinction during the daytime. The RH in the whole column in January and December was lower than the mean value (ranging from 5% to 20%) distributed from the ground to 3 km. From May to September, the RH anomaly profiles became positive contributed to larger extinction by strengthened the particle scattering ability. In January and December, the AS was stable from the surface to 3 km coincided with the extinction distribution; while in July and August, the gradient of Δθse decreased which favored the diffusion of particle in the air. Moreover, April and October presented turning points in the variation of θse. The humidity field reveals a stable condition in January and December which favored particles suppressed from the near surface to 3 km; the temperature field has tended towards a neutral state in most months except for February. The first change-point of the meteorological fields was found in April possibly attributable to the abnormal abrupt in the subtropical high. This study could have important reference for understanding regional air quality and governing air control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qi
- Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou, 310051, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Rongguang Du
- Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Zhuoran Liang
- Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Tianze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuwen Niu
- Zhejiang Meteorological Science Institute, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Honghui Xu
- Zhejiang Meteorological Science Institute, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Deyun Hu
- Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou, 310051, China
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Vinjamuri KS, Mhawish A, Banerjee T, Sorek-Hamer M, Broday DM, Mall RK, Latif MT. Vertical distribution of smoke aerosols over upper Indo-Gangetic Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113377. [PMID: 31672363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated backscatter profiles retrieved by the space borne active lidar CALIOP on-board CALIPSO satellite were used to measure the vertical distribution of smoke aerosols and to compare it against the ECMWF planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) over the smoke dominated region of Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), South Asia. Initially, the relative abundance of smoke aerosols was investigated considering multiple satellite retrieved aerosol optical properties. Only the upper IGP was selectively considered for CALIPSO retrieval based on prevalence of smoke aerosols. Smoke extinction was found to contribute 2-50% of the total aerosol extinction, with strong seasonal and altitudinal attributes. During winter (DJF), smoke aerosols contribute almost 50% of total aerosol extinction only near to the surface while in post-monsoon (ON) and monsoon (JJAS), relative contribution of smoke aerosols to total extinction was highest at about 8 km height. There was strong diurnal variation in smoke extinction, evident throughout the year, with frequent abundance of smoke particles at lower height (<4 km) during daytime compared to higher height during night (>4 km). Smoke injection height also varied considerably during rice (ON: 0.71 ± 0.65 km) and wheat (AM: 2.34 ± 1.34 km) residue burning period having a significant positive correlation with prevailing PBLH. Partitioning smoke AOD against PBLH into the free troposphere (FT) and boundary layer (BL) yield interesting results. BL contribute 36% (16%) of smoke AOD during daytime (nighttime) and the BL-FT distinction increased particularly at night. There was evidence that despite travelling efficiently to FT, major proportion of smoke AOD (50-80%) continue to remain close to the surface (<3 km) thereby, may have greater implications on regional climate, air quality, smoke transport and AOD-particulate modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Vinjamuri
- DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Alaa Mhawish
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | | | - David M Broday
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Hafia, Israel.
| | - Rajesh K Mall
- DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Center for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
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Moorthy KK, Sreekanth V, Prakash Chaubey J, Gogoi MM, Suresh Babu S, Kumar Kompalli S, Bagare SP, Bhatt BC, Gaur VK, Prabhu TP, Singh NS. Fine and ultrafine particles at a near–free tropospheric environment over the high-altitude station Hanle in the Trans-Himalaya: New particle formation and size distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Giles DM, Holben BN, Tripathi SN, Eck TF, Newcomb WW, Slutsker I, Dickerson RR, Thompson AM, Mattoo S, Wang SH, Singh RP, Sinyuk A, Schafer JS. Aerosol properties over the Indo-Gangetic Plain: A mesoscale perspective from the TIGERZ experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Moorthy KK, Beegum SN, Babu SS, Smirnov A, John SR, Kumar KR, Narasimhulu K, Dutt CBS, Nair VS. Optical and physical characteristics of Bay of Bengal aerosols during W-ICARB: Spatial and vertical heterogeneities in the marine atmospheric boundary layer and in the vertical column. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Krishna Moorthy
- Space Physics Laboratory; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre; Trivandrum India
| | - S. Naseema Beegum
- Space Physics Laboratory; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre; Trivandrum India
| | - S. Suresh Babu
- Space Physics Laboratory; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre; Trivandrum India
| | - Alexander Smirnov
- Biospheric Sciences Branch; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | | | - K. Narasimhulu
- Department of Physics; Sri Krishnadevaraya University; Anantapur India
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Nair VS, Satheesh SK, Moorthy KK, Babu SS, Nair PR, George SK. Surprising observation of large anthropogenic aerosol fraction over the “near-pristine” southern Bay of Bengal: Climate implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dey S, Di Girolamo L. A climatology of aerosol optical and microphysical properties over the Indian subcontinent from 9 years (2000–2008) of Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kedia S, Ramachandran S, Kumar A, Sarin MM. Spatiotemporal gradients in aerosol radiative forcing and heating rate over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea derived on the basis of optical, physical, and chemical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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