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Vizuete W, Nielsen-Gammon J, Dickey J, Couzo E, Blanchard C, Breitenbach P, Rasool QZ, Byun D. Meteorological based parameters and ozone exceedances in Houston and other cities in Texas. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:969-984. [PMID: 35404771 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2064004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the Houston-Galveston-Beaumont (HGB) region considerable scientific effort has been directed at elucidating the relationships among atmospheric circulations and urban mixed-layer ozone concentrations. These studies of the HGB region have provided guidance on the conditions that are used herein to identify specific meteorological parameters that relate with observed exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone. These parameters were developed using 15 years of ozone concentrations and localized wind conditions enhanced by incorporating data from a private monitoring network. Using these data, several key parameters were found that described the most common meteorological conditions for an exceedance day in HGB. The most relevant parameters included: the wind direction at midnight, wind speeds from 0 to 6 LST, and the extent of wind direction rotation in a 24-hour period. These parameters, and the meteorological conditions they describe, were also found to occur in an analysis of observational data throughout the state of Texas suggesting large scale forces beyond the influence of a sea breeze. A mixed layer model was developed and shown to illustrate the large-scale synoptic forces found in the observational data. The meteorological parameters, and conditions they describe, could be part of a diagnostic model performance evaluation to assure that accurate predictions of ozone for Texas were not the result of compensating errors.Implications: This study identified meteorological-based parameters that coincided with observed exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone across the state of Texas. These parameters can be used in support of regulatory model performance evaluations to assure accuracy in predicting ozone conducive conditions. In Houston, the vast majority of meteorlogical ozone conducive days did not produce an exceedance, suggesting other as yet unidentified conditions that are necessary such as an intermittent emission of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vizuete
- Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Judy Dickey
- Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Evan Couzo
- Education, University of North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Quazi Z Rasool
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington State, USA
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Yoon S, Ortiz SM, Clark AE, Barrett TE, Usenko S, Duvall RM, Ruiz LH, Bean JK, Faxon CB, Flynn JH, Lefer BL, Leong YJ, Griffin RJ, Sheesley RJ. Apportioned primary and secondary organic aerosol during pollution events of DISCOVER-AQ Houston. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2021; 244:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117954. [PMID: 33414674 PMCID: PMC7784641 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers for high ozone (O3) and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations is a pressing issue in urban air quality, as this understanding informs decisions for control and mitigation of these key pollutants. The Houston, TX metropolitan area is an ideal location for studying the intersection between O3 and atmospheric secondary organic carbon (SOC) production due to the diversity of source types (urban, industrial, and biogenic) and the on- and off-shore cycling of air masses over Galveston Bay, TX. Detailed characterization of filter-based samples collected during Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) Houston field experiment in September 2013 were used to investigate sources and composition of organic carbon (OC) and potential relationships between daily maximum 8 h average O3 and PM. The current study employed a novel combination of chemical mass balance modeling defining primary (i.e. POC) versus secondary (i.e. SOC) organic carbon and radiocarbon (14C) for apportionment of contemporary and fossil carbon. The apportioned sources include contemporary POC (biomass burning [BB], vegetative detritus), fossil POC (motor vehicle exhaust), biogenic SOC and fossil SOC. The filter-based results were then compared with real-time measurements by aerosol mass spectrometry. With these methods, a consistent urban background of contemporary carbon and motor vehicle exhaust was observed in the Houston metropolitan area. Real-time and filter-based characterization both showed that carbonaceous aerosols in Houston was highly impacted by SOC or oxidized OC, with much higher contributions from biogenic than fossil sources. However, fossil SOC concentration and fractional contribution had a stronger correlation with daily maximum 8 h average O3, peaking during high PM and O3 events. The results indicate that point source emissions processed by on- and off-shore wind cycles likely contribute to peak events for both PM and O3 in the greater Houston metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Adelaide E. Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR, USA
| | - Tate E. Barrett
- Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Sascha Usenko
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Rachelle M. Duvall
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Bean
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Cameron B. Faxon
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - James H. Flynn
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry L. Lefer
- Earth Sciences Division, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Yu Jun Leong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Institute of Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Liu H, Liu J, Liu Y, Ouyang B, Xiang S, Yi K, Tao S. Analysis of wintertime O 3 variability using a random forest model and high-frequency observations in Zhangjiakou-an area with background pollution level of the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114191. [PMID: 32126436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The short-term health effects of ozone (O3) have highlighted the need for high-temporal-resolution O3 observations to accurately assess human exposure to O3. Here, we performed 20-s resolution observations of O3 precursors and meteorological factors to train a random forest model capable of accurately predicting O3 concentrations. Our model performed well with an average validated R2 of 0.997. Unlike in typical linear model frameworks, variable dependencies are not clearly modelled by random forest model. Thus, we conducted additional studies to provide insight into the photochemical and atmospheric dynamic processes driving variations in O3 concentrations. At nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations of 10-20 ppb, all the other O3 precursors were in states that increased the production of O3. Over a short timescale, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can almost track each high-frequency variation in O3. Meteorological factors play a more important role than O3 precursors do in predicting O3 concentrations at a high temporal resolution; however, individual meteorological factors are not sufficient to track every high-frequency change in O3. Nevertheless, the sharp variations in O3 related to flow dynamics are often accompanied by steep temperature changes. Our results suggest that high-temporal-resolution observations, both ground-based and vertical profiles, are necessary for the accurate assessment of human exposure to O3 and the success and accountability of the emission control strategies for improving air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Statistics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Songlin Xiang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kan Yi
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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