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Qu K, Yan Y, Wang X, Jin X, Vrekoussis M, Kanakidou M, Brasseur GP, Lin T, Xiao T, Cai X, Zeng L, Zhang Y. The effect of cross-regional transport on ozone and particulate matter pollution in China: A review of methodology and current knowledge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174196. [PMID: 38942314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
China is currently one of the countries impacted by severe atmospheric ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) pollution. Due to their moderately long lifetimes, O3 and PM can be transported over long distances, cross the boundaries of source regions and contribute to air pollution in other regions. The reported contributions of cross-regional transport (CRT) to O3 and fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations often exceed those of local emissions in the major regions of China, highlighting the important role of CRT in regional air pollution. Therefore, further improvement of air quality in China requires more joint efforts among regions to ensure a proper reduction in emissions while accounting for the influence of CRT. This review summarizes the methodologies employed to assess the influence of CRT on O3 and PM pollution as well as current knowledge of CRT influence in China. Quantifying CRT contributions in proportion to O3 and PM levels and studying detailed CRT processes of O3, PM and precursors can be both based on targeted observations and/or model simulations. Reported publications indicate that CRT contributes by 40-80 % to O3 and by 10-70 % to PM2.5 in various regions of China. These contributions exhibit notable spatiotemporal variations, with differences in meteorological conditions and/or emissions often serving as main drivers of such variations. Based on trajectory-based methods, transport pathways contributing to O3 and PM pollution in major regions of China have been revealed. Recent studies also highlighted the important role of horizontal transport in the middle/high atmospheric boundary layer or low free troposphere, of vertical exchange and mixing as well as of interactions between CRT, local meteorology and chemistry in the detailed CRT processes. Drawing on the current knowledge on the influence of CRT, this paper provides recommendations for future studies that aim at supporting ongoing air pollution mitigation strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China; Laboratory for Modeling and Observation of the Earth System (LAMOS), Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yu Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China; Sichuan Academy of Environmental Policy and Planning, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China.
| | - Xipeng Jin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mihalis Vrekoussis
- Laboratory for Modeling and Observation of the Earth System (LAMOS), Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Center of Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kanakidou
- Laboratory for Modeling and Observation of the Earth System (LAMOS), Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Center of Studies of Air quality and Climate Change, Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, Greece
| | - Guy P Brasseur
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tingkun Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Teng Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Xuhui Cai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China; Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Zheng H, Sun Y, Luo T, Cheng X, Shao S, Zheng S, Tao B, Chen B, Tu Q, Huang K, Wang B, Wang M, Song X, Zhang T, Cheng Y, Liu J. Advances in coastal ocean boundary layer detection technology and equipment in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:156-168. [PMID: 36521981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the atmospheric environment and its evolution within the coastal ocean boundary layer are necessary for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution in land, sea, and atmosphere. We present an overview of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technology and equipment in China and summarize the progress and main achievements in recent years. China has developed a series of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technologies, including Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), turbulent exchange analyzer, air-sea flux analyzer, stereoscopic remote sensing of air pollutants, and oceanic aerosol detection equipment to address the technical bottleneck caused by harsh environmental conditions in coastal ocean regions. Advances in these technologies and equipment have provided scientific assistance for addressing air pollution issues and understanding land-sea-atmosphere interactions over coastal ocean regions in China. In the future, routine atmospheric observations should cover the coastal ocean boundary layer of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Youwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Tao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xueling Cheng
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiyong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shouyin Zheng
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bangyi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qianguang Tu
- School of Surveying and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kan Huang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Meteorological Observation Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoquan Song
- College of Marine Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Zhang X, Jian X, Zhao Y, Liu X, Chen K, Wang L, Tao S, Liu J, Huang T, Gao H, Liu Y, Zhugu R, Ma J. Tropospheric Ozone Perturbations Induced by Urban Land Expansion in China from 1980 to 2017. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6978-6987. [PMID: 35271270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization perturbs air pollutants from a dynamic and thermodynamic perspective, which has inspired extensive investigations in China due to rapid urban land expansion in the past four decades. However, knowledge gaps remain in the long-term and nationwide responses to air pollutants to urbanization. The evolution of tropospheric ozone associated with urban land expansion across China was assessed from 1980 to 2017 using a coupled WRF-Chem model based on a recently updated land use change (LUC) data set. The results revealed that urban-land expansion drove growing ozone trends for this period and contributed about 3-9% to its summer maximum concentrations during the 2010s in major urban agglomerations across China. The association between a long-term change in summer O3 concentrations and LUC after excluding the effect of precursor emissions and meteorological conditions and causes of interannual (short-term) variations in O3 concentrations induced by urban-land expansion were also explored by examining the relationships between ozone fluctuations and meteorological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Jian
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Kaijie Chen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Linfei Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Ruiru Zhugu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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Qiao DW, Yao J, Zhang JW, Li XL, Mi T, Zeng W. Short-term air quality forecasting model based on hybrid RF-IACA-BPNN algorithm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39164-39181. [PMID: 35098458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the apparent improvement in air quality in recent years through a series of effective measures, the concentration of PM2.5 and O3 in Chengdu city remains high. And both the two pollutants can cause serious damage to human health and property; consequently, it is imperative to accurately forecast hourly concentration of PM2.5 and O3 in advance. In this study, an air quality forecasting method based on random forest (RF) method and improved ant colony algorithm coupled with back-propagation neural network (IACA-BPNN) are proposed. RF method was used to screen out highly correlated input variables, and the improved ant colony algorithm (IACA) was adopted to combine with BPNN to improve the convergence performance. Two datasets based on two different kinds of monitoring stations along with meteorological data were applied to verify the performance of this proposed model and compared with another five plain models. The results showed that the RF-IACA-BPNN model has the minimum statistical error of the mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error, and the values of R2 consistently outperform other models. Thus, it is concluded that the proposed model is suitable for air quality prediction. It was also detected that the performance of the models for the forecasting of the hourly concentrations of PM2.5 were more acceptable at suburban station than downtown station, while the case is just the opposite for O3, on account of the low variability dataset at suburban station.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wen Qiao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jian Yao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Ji-Wen Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xin-Long Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Tan Mi
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Torres-Vazquez A, Pleim J, Gilliam R, Pouliot G. Performance Evaluation of the Meteorology and Air Quality Conditions From Multiscale WRF-CMAQ Simulations for the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS). JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:1-27. [PMID: 36035632 PMCID: PMC9413027 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Long Island Sound (LIS) Tropospheric Ozone Study was a multi-agency collaborative field campaign conducted during the summer of 2018 to improve the understanding of ozone chemistry and transport from New York City to areas downstream, especially the LIS and adjacent Connecticut coastline. Measurements made during this campaign were leveraged to test and evaluate the coupled WRF-CMAQ model at 12 km, 4 and 1.33 km horizontal grid spacing. Special attention was placed on the model's representation of sea breeze circulations, low level jets, and boundary layer evolution. The evaluation suggests using higher resolutions resulted in improved surface meteorology statistics throughout the whole summer, with temperature biases seeing the biggest statistical improvements when using 1.33-km grid spacing, going from -0.12 to 0.08 K. Additionally, 4-km grid spacing provided the biggest advantage when simulating ozone over the region of interest, with biases being reduced from 2.40 to 0.57 to 0.37 ppbV with increased resolution. Case studies of two high ozone concentration events (July 10 and August 6) revealed that sound breezes and low-level jets had a critical role in transporting pollutant-rich, shallow marine air masses from the LIS inland over the Connecticut coast. Modifications were made to the representation of sea surface temperatures, which subsequently improved the simulation of surface ozone predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torres-Vazquez
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- National Weather Service, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Pleim
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Gilliam
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - George Pouliot
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Quantification of Regional Ozone Pollution Characteristics and Its Temporal Evolution: Insights from Identification of the Impacts of Meteorological Conditions and Emissions. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution has become the major new challenge after the suppression of PM2.5 to levels below the standard for the Pearl River Delta (PRD). O3 can be transported between nearby stations due to its longevity, leading stations with a similar concentration in a state of aggregation, which is an alleged regional issue. Investigations in such regional characteristics were rarely involved ever. In this study, the aggregation (reflected by the global Moran’s I index, GM), its temporal evolution, and the impacts from meteorological conditions and both local (i.e., produced within the PRD) and non-local (i.e., transported from outside the PRD) contributions were explored by spatial analysis and statistical modeling based on observation data. The results from 2007 to 2018 showed that the GM was positive overall, implying that the monitoring stations were surrounded by stations with similar ozone levels, especially during ozone seasons. State of aggregation was reinforced from 2007 to 2012, and remained stable thereafter. Further investigations revealed that GM values were independent of meteorological conditions, while closely related to local and non-local contributions, and its temporal variations were driven only by local contributions. Then, the correlation (R2) between O3 and meteorology was identified. Result demonstrated that the westerly belonged to temperature (T) and surface solar radiation (SSR) sensitive regions and the correlation between ozone and the two became intense with time. Relative humidity (RH) showed a negative correlation with ozone in most areas and periods, whereas correlations with u and v were positive for northerly winds and negative for southerly winds. Two important key points of such investigation are that, firstly, we defined the features of ozone pollution by characterizing the temporal variations in spatial discrepancies among all stations, secondly, we highlighted the significance of subregional cooperation within the PRD and regional cooperation with external environmental organizations.
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Korhale N, Anand V, Beig G. Disparity in ozone trends under COVID-19 lockdown in a closely located coastal and hillocky metropolis of India. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2021; 14:533-542. [PMID: 33163121 PMCID: PMC7602777 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19, a global health challenge faced by countries worldwide, led to a lockdown in India, thereby bringing down the emissions of various air pollutants. Here, we discuss the behaviour of surface ozone (O3) concentrations and its precursors, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) at two Indian megacities namely Mumbai and Pune, closely located yet vastly differing in meteorology due to their locations. Although levels of CO, NO2, and VOC declined sharply after the lockdown in both cities, with NO2 showing the highest reduction, ozone concentration in Pune remained unaffected, whereas Mumbai exhibited a mixed trend, touching even a maximum in between the lockdown. On a diurnal scale, the magnitude of O3 levels during the lockdown period is higher at almost all hours in Mumbai, and in Pune, it is almost identical except during night hours when it is marginally higher in the lockdown period as compared to the normal period. On a whole, the pollution levels were brought down significantly which can be used as a benchmark in the future for the implementation of policies related to air quality management and emission control in Indian megacities by the policymakers. These results also can pave a way for the scientific community for local air quality modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Korhale
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Pune, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Vrinda Anand
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Pune, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Gufran Beig
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Pune, India
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8
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Regional Differences of Primary Meteorological Factors Impacting O3 Variability in South Korea. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is a harmful pollutant and effective strategies must be developed for its reduction. In this study, the impact of meteorological factors on the annual O3 variability for South Korea were analyzed. In addition, the regional differences of meteorological factors in six air quality regions in South Korea (Seoul Metropolitan Area, SMA; Central region, CN; Honam, HN; Yeongnam, YN; Gangwon, GW; Jeju, JJ) were compared. The analysis of ground observation data from 2001 to 2017 revealed that the long-term variability of O3 concentration in South Korea continuously increased since 2001, and the upward trend in 2010 to 2017 (Period 2, PRD2) was 29.8% higher than that in 2001 to 2009 (Period 1, PRD1). This was because the meteorological conditions during PRD2 became relatively favorable for high O3 concentrations compared to conditions during PRD1. In particular, the increase in the solar radiation (SR) and maximum temperature (TMAX) and the decrease in the precipitation (PRCP) and wind speed (WS) of South Korea in PRD2 were identified as the main causes for the rise in O3 concentrations. When meteorological factors and O3 variability were compared among the six air quality regions in South Korea during PRD1 and PRD2, significant differences were observed. This indicated that different meteorological changes occurred in South Korea after 2010 due to the different topographical characteristics of each region; thus, O3 variability also changed differently in each region. Interestingly, for the regions with almost similar meteorological changes after 2010, the O3 concentration changed differently depending on the difference in the distribution of emissions. These results indicate that the O3–meteorology relationship shows spatiotemporal differences depending on the topographical and emission distribution characteristics of each area and implies that it is necessary to fully consider such differences for efficient O3 reduction.
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Thompson AM, Stauffer RM, Boyle TP, Kollonige DE, Miyazaki K, Tzortziou M, Herman JR, Abuhassan N, Jordan CE, Lamb BT. Comparison of Near-surface NO 2 Pollution with Pandora Total Column NO 2 during the Korea-United States Ocean Color (KORUS OC) Campaign. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2019; 124:13560-13575. [PMID: 32913698 PMCID: PMC7477803 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Near-surface air quality (AQ) observations over coastal waters are scarce, a situation that limits our capacity to monitor pollution events at land-water interfaces. Satellite measurements of total column (TC) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) observations are a useful proxy for combustion sources but the once daily snapshots available from most sensors are insufficient for tracking the diurnal evolution and transport of pollution. Ground-based remote sensors like the Pandora Spectrometer Instrument (PSI) that have been developed to verify space-based total column NO2 and other trace gases are being tested for routine use as certified AQ monitors. The KORUS-OC (Korea-United States Ocean Color) cruise aboard the R/V Onnuri in May-June 2016 represented an opportunity to study AQ near the South Korean coast, a region affected by both local/regional and long-distance pollution sources. Using PSI data in direct-sun mode and in situ sensors for shipboard ozone, CO and NO2, we explore, for the first time, relationships between TC NO2 and surface AQ in this coastal region. Three case studies illustrate the value of the PSI as well as complexities in the surface-column NO2 relationship caused by varying meteorological conditions. Case Study 1 (25-26 May 2016) exhibited a high correlation of surface NO2 to TC NO2 measured by both PSI and Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) but two other cases displayed poor relationships between in situ and TC NO2 due to decoupling of pollution layers from the surface. With suitable interpretation the PSI TC NO2 measurement demonstrates good potential for working with upcoming geostationary satellites to advance diurnal tracking of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Thompson
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
- Dept. of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, Univ. Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Ryan M Stauffer
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
- USRA, Columbia, Maryland 21046
| | - Tyler P Boyle
- Dept. of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, Univ. Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Debra E Kollonige
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
- SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706
| | | | - Maria Tzortziou
- Earth Sciences Dept., CCNY, City Univ. New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Jay R Herman
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
- JCET, Univ. Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 20218
| | - Nader Abuhassan
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
- JCET, Univ. Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 20218
| | | | - Brian T Lamb
- Earth Sciences Dept., CCNY, City Univ. New York, New York, NY 10031
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Dreessen J, Orozco D, Boyle J, Szymborski J, Lee P, Flores A, Sakai RK. Observed ozone over the Chesapeake Bay land-water interface: The Hart-Miller Island Pilot Project. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:1312-1330. [PMID: 31526247 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1668497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced ozone concentrations at land-water interfaces create National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) compliance issues across the United States. The northern Chesapeake Bay experiences higher ozone at sites adjacent to the Bay, creating ozone compliance concerns for the state of Maryland. Accordingly, the Maryland Department of the Environment sited an ozone monitor at Hart-Miller Island (HMI) within the northern Chesapeake Bay (NCB) and gathered a continuous ozone and meteorological record over 278 days within the 2016 and 2017 ozone seasons. The representative water site was the highest ozone monitor in the state 28% of all days and 75% when any ozone monitor in the state experienced ozone above the 2015 ozone NAAQS (70 ppbv), known as an exceedance day. In total, 24 exceedance days were observed at HMI. Numerical ozone predictions produced by an operational version of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model forecast 52 such days with a high bias of 15.5% in daily maximum ozone concentration during the same period. Trajectory modeling indicated over 70% of exceedance days possessed northwesterly transport over the Baltimore area, with HYSPLIT trajectories descending at least 500 m in greater than 80% of cases toward the NCB surface. These trajectories possessed a button-hook pattern during descent to create southerly surface winds at HMI that may impact coastal sites, creating ozone events at Maryland monitors such as Edgewood. Consequently, the NCB was influenced by the residual layer and from both regional long-range transport and locally sourced ozone precursors. Changes in local meteorology and emissions had a significant impact on over-water ozone concentrations and forecasts. Results of the multi-season ozone pilot study over the Chesapeake Bay provided a conceptual model of high ozone development over water downwind of a large urban center and guidance for future study of the NCB area. Implications: Multi-seasonal observations of surface ozone and meteorology over the water of the northern Chesapeake Bay showed specific conditions leading to degraded air quality. The novel data set collected offers a deeper understanding of over-water ozone magnitude, occurrence, and transport across the land-water interface and comparison to air quality models not before possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Dreessen
- Air Monitoring Program, Maryland Department of the Environment , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Daniel Orozco
- Air Monitoring Program, Maryland Department of the Environment , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - James Boyle
- Air Monitoring Program, Maryland Department of the Environment , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Jay Szymborski
- Air Monitoring Program, Maryland Department of the Environment , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Pius Lee
- National Air Quality Forecasting Capability, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory , College Park , Maryland , USA
| | - Adrian Flores
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University , Beltsville , Maryland , USA
| | - Ricardo K Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University , Beltsville , Maryland , USA
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11
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Sullivan JT, Berkoff T, Gronoff G, Knepp T, Pippin M, Allen D, Twigg L, Swap R, Tzortziou M, Thompson AM, Stauffer RM, Wolfe GM, Flynn J, Pusede SE, Judd L, Moore W, Baker BD, Al-Saadi J, McGee TJ. The Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS): An Innovative Strategy for Understanding Chesapeake Bay Pollution Events. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2019; 100:291-306. [PMID: 33005058 PMCID: PMC7526589 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-18-0025.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coastal regions have historically represented a significant challenge for air quality investigations due to water-land boundary transition characteristics and a paucity of measurements available over water. Prior studies have identified the formation of high levels of ozone over water bodies, such as the Chesapeake Bay, that can potentially recirculate back over land to significantly impact populated areas. Earth-observing satellites and forecast models face challenges in capturing the coastal transition zone where small-scale meteorological dynamics are complex and large changes in pollutants can occur on very short spatial and temporal scales. An observation strategy is presented to synchronously measure pollutants 'over-land' and 'over-water' to provide a more complete picture of chemical gradients across coastal boundaries for both the needs of state and local environmental management and new remote sensing platforms. Intensive vertical profile information from ozone lidar systems and ozonesondes, obtained at two main sites, one over land and the other over water, are complemented by remote sensing and in-situ observations of air quality from ground-based, airborne (both personned and unpersonned), and shipborne platforms. These observations, coupled with reliable chemical transport simulations, such as the NOAA National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC), are expected to lead to a more fully characterized and complete land-water interaction observing system that can be used to assess future geostationary air quality instruments, such as the NASA Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) as well as current low earth orbiting satellites, such as the European Space Agency's Sentinel 5-Precursor (S5-P) with its Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillaume Gronoff
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Travis Knepp
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Laurence Twigg
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
| | - Robert Swap
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Maria Tzortziou
- Earth and Atmospheric Science Dept., City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ryan M. Stauffer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Administration, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Flynn
- College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sally E. Pusede
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Laura Judd
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Universities Space Research Administration, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - William Moore
- School of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Barry D. Baker
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, University of Maryland at College Park, MD, USA
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12
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Knepp TN, Szykman JJ, Long R, Duvall RM, Krug J, Beaver M, Cavender K, Kronmiller K, Wheeler M, Delgado R, Hoff R, Berkoff T, Olson E, Clark R, Wolfe D, Van Gilst D, Neil D. Assessment of Mixed-Layer Height Estimation from Single-wavelength Ceilometer Profiles. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2017; 10:3963-3983. [PMID: 29682087 PMCID: PMC5906814 DOI: 10.5194/amt-10-3963-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Differing boundary/mixed-layer height measurement methods were assessed in moderately-polluted and clean environments, with a focus on the Vaisala CL51 ceilometer. This intercomparison was performed as part of ongoing measurements at the Chemistry And Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (CAPABLE) site in Hampton, Virginia and during the 2014 Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) field campaign that took place in and around Denver, Colorado. We analyzed CL51 data that were collected via two different methods (BLView software, which applied correction factors, and simple terminal emulation logging) to determine the impact of data collection methodology. Further, we evaluated the STRucture of the ATmosphere (STRAT) algorithm as an open-source alternative to BLView (note that the current work presents an evaluation of the BLView and STRAT algorithms and does not intend to act as a validation of either). Filtering criteria were defined according to the change in mixed-layer height (MLH) distributions for each instrument and algorithm and were applied throughout the analysis to remove high-frequency fluctuations from the MLH retrievals. Of primary interest was determining how the different data-collection methodologies and algorithms compare to each other and to radiosonde-derived boundary-layer heights when deployed as part of a larger instrument network. We determined that data-collection methodology is not as important as the processing algorithm and that much of the algorithm differences might be driven by impacts of local meteorology and precipitation events that pose algorithm difficulties. The results of this study show that a common processing algorithm is necessary for LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR)-based MLH intercomparisons, and ceilometer-network operation and that sonde-derived boundary layer heights are higher (10-15% at mid-day) than LIDAR-derived mixed-layer heights. We show that averaging the retrieved MLH to 1-hour resolution (an appropriate time scale for a priori data model initialization) significantly improved correlation between differing instruments and differing algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis N Knepp
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA
| | - James J Szykman
- US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Russell Long
- US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Krug
- US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Melinda Beaver
- US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Kevin Cavender
- US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | | | | | - Ruben Delgado
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Raymond Hoff
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | | | - Erik Olson
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Richard Clark
- Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania 17551, USA
| | - Daniel Wolfe
- NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - David Van Gilst
- National Suborbital Education and Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA
| | - Doreen Neil
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA
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13
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Goldberg DL, Vinciguerra TP, Anderson DC, Hembeck L, Canty TP, Ehrman SH, Martins DK, Stauffer RM, Thompson AM, Salawitch RJ, Dickerson RR. CAMx Ozone Source Attribution in the Eastern United States using Guidance from Observations during DISCOVER-AQ Maryland. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 43:2249-2258. [PMID: 29618849 PMCID: PMC5880053 DOI: 10.1002/2015gl067332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) version 6.10 simulation was assessed through comparison with data acquired during NASA's 2011 DISCOVER-AQ Maryland field campaign. Comparisons for the baseline simulation (CB05 chemistry, EPA 2011 National Emissions Inventory) show a model overestimate of NOy by +86.2% and an underestimate of HCHO by -28.3%. We present a new model framework (CB6r2 chemistry, MEGAN v2.1 biogenic emissions, 50% reduction in mobile NOx, enhanced representation of isoprene nitrates) that better matches observations. The new model framework attributes 31.4% more surface ozone in Maryland to electric generating units (EGUs) and 34.6% less ozone to on-road mobile sources. Surface ozone becomes more NOx-limited throughout the eastern United States compared to the baseline simulation. The baseline model therefore likely underestimates the effectiveness of anthropogenic NOx reductions as well as the current contribution of EGUs to surface ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Goldberg
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 860 424 6851. (D. L. Goldberg)
| | - Timothy P. Vinciguerra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniel C. Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Linda Hembeck
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Timothy P. Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sheryl H. Ehrman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Douglas K. Martins
- Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ryan M. Stauffer
- Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Ross J. Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Russell R. Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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14
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Reed AJ, Thompson AM, Kollonige DE, Martins DK, Tzortziou MA, Herman JR, Berkoff TA, Abuhassan NK, Cede A. Effects of local meteorology and aerosols on ozone and nitrogen dioxide retrievals from OMI and pandora spectrometers in Maryland, USA during DISCOVER-AQ 2011. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 72:455-482. [PMID: 26692598 PMCID: PMC4665808 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-013-9254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An analysis is presented for both ground- and satellite-based retrievals of total column ozone and nitrogen dioxide levels from the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area during the NASA-sponsored July 2011 campaign of Deriving Information on Surface COnditions from Column and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ). Satellite retrievals of total column ozone and nitrogen dioxide from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite are used, while Pandora spectrometers provide total column ozone and nitrogen dioxide amounts from the ground. We found that OMI and Pandora agree well (residuals within ±25 % for nitrogen dioxide, and ±4.5 % for ozone) for a majority of coincident observations during July 2011. Comparisons with surface nitrogen dioxide from a Teledyne API 200 EU NOx Analyzer showed nitrogen dioxide diurnal variability that was consistent with measurements by Pandora. However, the wide OMI field of view, clouds, and aerosols affected retrievals on certain days, resulting in differences between Pandora and OMI of up to ±65 % for total column nitrogen dioxide, and ±23 % for total column ozone. As expected, significant cloud cover (cloud fraction >0.2) was the most important parameter affecting comparisons of ozone retrievals; however, small, passing cumulus clouds that do not coincide with a high (>0.2) cloud fraction, or low aerosol layers which cause significant backscatter near the ground affected the comparisons of total column nitrogen dioxide retrievals. Our results will impact post-processing satellite retrieval algorithms and quality control procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra J. Reed
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Debra E. Kollonige
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Douglas K. Martins
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Maria A. Tzortziou
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Jay R. Herman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Timothy A. Berkoff
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Nader K. Abuhassan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria
| | - Alexander Cede
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- School of Engineering, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
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15
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Stauffer RM, Thompson AM, Martins DK, Clark RD, Goldberg DL, Loughner CP, Delgado R, Dickerson RR, Stehr JW, Tzortziou MA. Bay breeze influence on surface ozone at Edgewood, MD during July 2011. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 72:335-353. [PMID: 26692594 PMCID: PMC4665832 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-012-9241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) was analyzed to investigate the role of the bay breeze on air quality at two locations in Edgewood, Maryland (lat: 39.4°, lon: -76.3°) for the month of July 2011. Measurements were taken as part of the first year of NASA's "Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality" (DISCOVER-AQ) Earth Venture campaign and as part of NASA's Geostationary for Coastal and Air Pollution Events Chesapeake Bay Oceanographic campaign with DISCOVER-AQ (Geo-CAPE CBODAQ). Geo-CAPE CBODAQ complements DISCOVER-AQ by providing ship-based observations over the Chesapeake Bay. A major goal of DISCOVER-AQ is determining the relative roles of sources, photochemistry and local meteorology during air quality events in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Surface characteristics, transport and vertical structures of O3 during bay breezes were identified using in-situ surface, balloon and aircraft data, along with remote sensing equipment. Localized late day peaks in O3 were observed during bay breeze days, maximizing an average of 3 h later compared to days without bay breezes. Of the 10 days of July 2011 that violated the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 8 h O3 standard of 75 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at Edgewood, eight exhibited evidence of a bay breeze circulation. The results indicate that while bay breezes and the processes associated with them are not necessary to cause exceedances in this area, bay breezes exacerbate poor air quality that sustains into the late evening hours at Edgewood. The vertical and horizontal distributions of O3 from the coastal Edgewood area to the bay also show large gradients that are often determined by boundary layer stability. Thus, developing air quality models that can sufficiently resolve these dynamics and associated chemistry, along with more consistent monitoring of O3 and meteorology on and along the complex coastline of Chesapeake Bay must be a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Stauffer
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Douglas K. Martins
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Richard D. Clark
- Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551 USA
| | - Daniel L. Goldberg
- Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Christopher P. Loughner
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - Ruben Delgado
- Joint Center of Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
| | - Russell R. Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Stehr
- Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Maria A. Tzortziou
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
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16
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Stauffer RM, Thompson AM. Bay breeze climatology at two sites along the Chesapeake bay from 1986-2010: Implications for surface ozone. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 72:355-372. [PMID: 26692595 PMCID: PMC4665746 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-013-9260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hourly surface meteorological measurements were coupled with surface ozone (O3) mixing ratio measurements at Hampton, Virginia and Baltimore, Maryland, two sites along the Chesapeake Bay in the Mid-Atlantic United States, to examine the behavior of surface O3 during bay breeze events and quantify the impact of the bay breeze on local O3 pollution. Analyses were performed for the months of May through September for the years 1986 to 2010. The years were split into three groups to account for increasingly stringent environmental regulations that reduced regional emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx): 1986-1994, 1995-2002, and 2003-2010. Each day in the 25-year record was marked either as a bay breeze day, a non-bay breeze day, or a rainy/cloudy day based on the meteorological data. Mean eight hour (8-h) averaged surface O3 values during bay breeze events were 3 to 5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) higher at Hampton and Baltimore than on non-bay breeze days in all year periods. Anomalies from mean surface O3 were highest in the afternoon at both sites during bay breeze days in the 2003-2010 study period. In conjunction with an overall lowering of baseline O3 after the 1995-2002 period, the percentage of total exceedances of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 75 ppbv 8-h O3 standard that occurred on bay breeze days increased at Hampton for 2003-2010, while remaining steady at Baltimore. These results suggest that bay breeze circulations are becoming more important to causing exceedance events at particular sites in the region, and support the hypothesis of Martins et al. (2012) that highly localized meteorology increasingly drives air quality events at Hampton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Stauffer
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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17
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Thompson AM, Stauffer RM, Miller SK, Martins DK, Joseph E, Weinheimer AJ, Diskin GS. Ozone profiles in the Baltimore-Washington region (2006-2011): satellite comparisons and DISCOVER-AQ observations. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 72:393-422. [PMID: 26692597 PMCID: PMC4665809 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-014-9283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in creating satellite products for tracking the pollutants ozone and NO2 in the troposphere. Yet, in mid-latitude regions where meteorological interactions with pollutants are complex, accuracy can be difficult to achieve, largely due to persistent layering of some constituents. We characterize the layering of ozone soundings and related species measured from aircraft over two ground sites in suburban Washington, DC (Beltsville, MD, 39.05 N; 76.9 W) and Baltimore (Edgewood, MD, 39.4 N; 76.3 W) during the July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) experiment. First, we compare column-ozone amounts from the Beltsville and Edgewood sondes with data from overpassing satellites. Second, processes influencing ozone profile structure are analyzed using Laminar Identification and tracers: sonde water vapor, aircraft CO and NOy. Third, Beltsville ozone profiles and meteorological influences in July 2011 are compared to those from the summers of 2006-2010. Sonde-satellite offsets in total ozone during July 2011 at Edgewood and Beltsville, compared to the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), were 3 % mean absolute error, not statistically significant. The disagreement between an OMI/Microwave Limb Sounder-based tropospheric ozone column and the sonde averaged 10 % at both sites, with the sonde usually greater than the satellite. Laminar Identification (LID), that distinguishes ozone segments influenced by convective and advective transport, reveals that on days when both stations launched ozonesondes, vertical mixing was stronger at Edgewood. Approximately half the lower free troposphere sonde profiles have very dry laminae, with coincident aircraft spirals displaying low CO (80-110 ppbv), suggesting stratospheric influence. Ozone budgets at Beltsville in July 2011, determined with LID, as well as standard meteorological indicators, resemble those of 4 of the previous 5 summers. The penetration of stratospheric air throughout the troposphere appears to be typical for summer conditions in the Baltimore-Washington region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802-5013 USA
- Present Address: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - Ryan M. Stauffer
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802-5013 USA
| | - Sonya K. Miller
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802-5013 USA
| | - Douglas K. Martins
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802-5013 USA
| | - Everette Joseph
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, 2355 Sixth Street NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA
| | | | - Glenn S. Diskin
- NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
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