1
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de Winter NJ, Tindall J, Johnson ALA, Goudsmit-Harzevoort B, Wichern N, Kaskes P, Claeys P, Huygen F, van Leeuwen S, Metcalfe B, Bakker P, Goolaerts S, Wesselingh F, Ziegler M. Amplified seasonality in western Europe in a warmer world. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl6717. [PMID: 38748800 PMCID: PMC11095466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Documenting the seasonal temperature cycle constitutes an essential step toward mitigating risks associated with extreme weather events in a future warmer world. The mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (mPWP), 3.3 to 3.0 million years ago, featured global temperatures approximately 3°C above preindustrial levels. It represents an ideal period for directed paleoclimate reconstructions equivalent to model projections for 2100 under moderate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP2-4.5. Here, seasonal clumped isotope analyses of fossil mollusk shells from the North Sea are presented to test Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project 2 outcomes. Joint data and model evidence reveals enhanced summer warming (+4.3° ± 1.0°C) compared to winter (+2.5° ± 1.5°C) during the mPWP, equivalent to SSP2-4.5 outcomes for future climate. We show that Arctic amplification of global warming weakens mid-latitude summer circulation while intensifying seasonal contrast in temperature and precipitation, leading to an increased risk of summer heat waves and other extreme weather events in Europe's future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J. de Winter
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Archaeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Tindall
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Barbara Goudsmit-Harzevoort
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, Netherlands
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nina Wichern
- Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Pim Kaskes
- Archaeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Claeys
- Archaeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fynn Huygen
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonja van Leeuwen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Brett Metcalfe
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Pepijn Bakker
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stijn Goolaerts
- Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Wesselingh
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Hou S, Stap LB, Paul R, Nelissen M, Hoem FS, Ziegler M, Sluijs A, Sangiorgi F, Bijl PK. Reconciling Southern Ocean fronts equatorward migration with minor Antarctic ice volume change during Miocene cooling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7230. [PMID: 37945579 PMCID: PMC10636158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradual climate cooling and CO2 decline in the Miocene were recently shown not to be associated with major ice volume expansion, challenging a fundamental paradigm in the functioning of the Antarctic cryosphere. Here, we explore Miocene ice-ocean-climate interactions by presenting a multi-proxy reconstruction of subtropical front migration, bottom water temperature and global ice volume change, using dinoflagellate cyst biogeography, benthic foraminiferal clumped isotopes from offshore Tasmania. We report an equatorward frontal migration and strengthening, concurrent with surface and deep ocean cooling but absence of ice volume change in the mid-late-Miocene. To reconcile these counterintuitive findings, we argue based on new ice sheet modelling that the Antarctic ice sheet progressively lowered in height while expanding seawards, to maintain a stable volume. This can be achieved with rigorous intervention in model precipitation regimes on Antarctica and ice-induced ocean cooling and requires rethinking the interactions between ice, ocean and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Hou
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lennert B Stap
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan Paul
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Nelissen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Frida S Hoem
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter K Bijl
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Assonov S. Assessment of the accuracy of the 17 O correction algorithm used in δ 13 C determinations by CO 2 mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9490. [PMID: 36751100 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE High-accuracy δ13 C values are required for observations of greenhouse gases CO2 and methane, and, consequently, for international reference materials (RMs). Recently, another application, clumped isotope geothermometry of natural carbonates, has demonstrated the requirement for high-accuracy δ13 C values. δ13 C determinations by mass spectrometry use an 17 O isobaric correction on m/z 45, where 17 O abundance is calculated from the measured 18 O with the 17 O-18 O relationship assumed with λ = 0.528. This relationship is the key assumption of the algorithm proposed in 2003 and accepted by IUPAC in 2010. However, to date, this relationship and potential δ13 C biases have not been verified using 17 O measurements. METHODS To verify the 17 O correction and to estimate potential δ13 C biases, we compile measured 17 O data for carbonate RMs, for a range of natural carbonates that are typically analyzed in clumped isotope geothermometry and for CO2 in isotope equilibrium with natural waters including plants and biota. δ13 C biases are calculated based on 17 O deviation from the 17 O-18 O relationship assumed in the 17 O correction. RESULTS To estimate δ13 C biases accurately, the VPDB-CO2 framework for expressing 17 O excess is defined and linked to the δ13 C scale definition. δ13 C biases estimated for carbonate RMs are found within ±0.004‰; the biases estimated for natural carbonates and CO2 in equilibrium with natural waters are mostly within ±0.010‰ (bidirectional distribution around zero). In all cases, the estimated biases are found within the best instrumental uncertainty of modern isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) (around ±0.014‰, k = 2). CONCLUSIONS For the first time, high accuracy of δ13 C data obtained by CO2 mass spectrometry using the 17 O correction with fixed λ = 0.528 has been demonstrated using measured 17 O data. δ13 C biases estimated are within the best IRMS precision (±0.014‰, k = 2) and can be neglected in most practical applications. To obtain high-quality δ13 C data, it is strictly necessary that all data are treated on the VPDB-CO2 scale.
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Lucarelli JK, Carroll HM, Ulrich RN, Elliott BM, Coplen TB, Eagle RA, Tripati A. Equilibrated Gas and Carbonate Standard-Derived Dual (Δ47 and Δ48) Clumped Isotope Values. GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS : G(3) 2023; 24:e2022GC010458. [PMID: 37829604 PMCID: PMC10569407 DOI: 10.1029/2022gc010458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbonate clumped isotope geochemistry has primarily focused on mass spectrometric determination of m/z 47 CO2 for geothermometry, but theoretical calculations and recent experiments indicate paired analysis of the m/z 47 (13C18O16O) and m/z 48 (12C18O18O) isotopologues (referred to as Δ 47 and Δ 48 ) can be used to study non-equilibrium isotope fractionations and refine temperature estimates. We utilize 5,448 Δ 47 and 3,400 Δ 48 replicate measurements of carbonate samples and standards, and 183 Δ 47 and 195 Δ 48 replicate measurements of gas standards from 2015 to 2021 from a multi-year and multi-instrument data set to constrain Δ 47 and Δ 48 values for 27 samples and standards, including Devils Hole cave calcite, and study equilibrium Δ 47 -Δ 48 , Δ 47 -temperature, and Δ 48 -temperature relationships. We compare results to previously published findings and calculate equilibrium regressions based on data from multiple laboratories. We report acid digestion fractionation factors, Δ * 63 - 47 and Δ * 64 - 48 , and account for their dependence on the initial clumped isotope values of the mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K Lucarelli
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannah M Carroll
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Ulrich
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ben M Elliott
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert A Eagle
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aradhna Tripati
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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van der Ploeg R, Cramwinckel MJ, Kocken IJ, Leutert TJ, Bohaty SM, Fokkema CD, Hull PM, Meckler AN, Middelburg JJ, Müller IA, Penman DE, Peterse F, Reichart GJ, Sexton PF, Vahlenkamp M, De Vleeschouwer D, Wilson PA, Ziegler M, Sluijs A. North Atlantic surface ocean warming and salinization in response to middle Eocene greenhouse warming. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq0110. [PMID: 36696500 PMCID: PMC9876553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative reconstructions of hydrological change during ancient greenhouse warming events provide valuable insight into warmer-than-modern hydrological cycles but are limited by paleoclimate proxy uncertainties. We present sea surface temperature (SST) records and seawater oxygen isotope (δ18Osw) estimates for the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), using coupled carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) and oxygen isotope (δ18Oc) data of well-preserved planktonic foraminifera from the North Atlantic Newfoundland Drifts. These indicate a transient ~3°C warming across the MECO, with absolute temperatures generally in accordance with trace element (Mg/Ca)-based SSTs but lower than biomarker-based SSTs for the same interval. We find a transient ~0.5‰ shift toward higher δ18Osw, which implies increased salinity in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre and potentially a poleward expansion of its northern boundary in response to greenhouse warming. These observations provide constraints on dynamic ocean response to warming events, which are consistent with theory and model simulations predicting an enhanced hydrological cycle under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin van der Ploeg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Margot J. Cramwinckel
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ilja J. Kocken
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Leutert
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven M. Bohaty
- University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Chris D. Fokkema
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A. Nele Meckler
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jack J. Middelburg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Inigo A. Müller
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Donald E. Penman
- Department of Geosciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Francien Peterse
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Reichart
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Philip F. Sexton
- School of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Maximilian Vahlenkamp
- MARUM – Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - David De Vleeschouwer
- MARUM – Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul A. Wilson
- University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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6
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de Winter NJ, Witbaard R, Kocken IJ, Müller IA, Guo J, Goudsmit B, Ziegler M. Temperature Dependence of Clumped Isotopes (∆ 47) in Aragonite. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2022GL099479. [PMID: 36589267 PMCID: PMC9788164 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clumped isotope thermometry can independently constrain the formation temperatures of carbonates, but a lack of precisely temperature-controlled calibration samples limits its application on aragonites. To address this issue, we present clumped isotope compositions of aragonitic bivalve shells grown under highly controlled temperatures (1-18°C), which we combine with clumped isotope data from natural and synthetic aragonites from a wide range of temperatures (1-850°C). We observe no discernible offset in clumped isotope values between aragonitic foraminifera, mollusks, and abiogenic aragonites or between aragonites and calcites, eliminating the need for a mineral-specific calibration or acid fractionation factor. However, due to non-linear behavior of the clumped isotope thermometer, including high-temperature (>100°C) datapoints in linear clumped isotope calibrations causes them to underestimate temperatures of cold (1-18°C) carbonates by 2.7 ± 2.0°C (95% confidence level). Therefore, clumped isotope-based paleoclimate reconstructions should be calibrated using samples with well constrained formation temperatures close to those of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J. de Winter
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry GroupVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselBelgium
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rob Witbaard
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research't Horntje, TexelThe Netherlands
| | - Ilja J. Kocken
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Inigo A. Müller
- Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Goudsmit
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research't Horntje, TexelThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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7
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Meckler AN, Sexton PF, Piasecki AM, Leutert TJ, Marquardt J, Ziegler M, Agterhuis T, Lourens LJ, Rae JWB, Barnet J, Tripati A, Bernasconi SM. Cenozoic evolution of deep ocean temperature from clumped isotope thermometry. Science 2022; 377:86-90. [PMID: 35771913 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing past climate states is crucial for understanding the future consequences of ongoing greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we revisit the benchmark time series for deep ocean temperature across the past 65 million years using clumped isotope thermometry. Our temperature estimates from the deep Atlantic Ocean are overall much warmer compared with oxygen isotope-based reconstructions, highlighting the likely influence of changes in deep ocean pH and/or seawater oxygen isotope composition on classical oxygen isotope records of the Cenozoic. In addition, our data reveal previously unrecognized large swings in deep ocean temperature during early Eocene acute greenhouse warmth. Our results call for a reassessment of the Cenozoic history of ocean temperatures to achieve a more accurate understanding of the nature of climatic responses to tectonic events and variable greenhouse forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Meckler
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - P F Sexton
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - A M Piasecki
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - T J Leutert
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Marquardt
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Ziegler
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - T Agterhuis
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L J Lourens
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J W B Rae
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - J Barnet
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - A Tripati
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Science, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, American Indian Studies Center, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S M Bernasconi
- Department of Earth Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Combined use of conventional and clumped carbonate stable isotopes to identify hydrothermal isotopic alteration in cave walls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9202. [PMID: 35654959 PMCID: PMC9163031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of conventional carbonate stable isotopes (δ18O, δ13C) in cave walls has been shown to be a useful tool to identify cave formation driven by deep-seated processes, i.e., hypogene karstification. If combined with a prior information on the paleowater stable isotope composition, further insights can be obtained on the temperature and the source of the paleowater. Clumped isotope composition (Δ47) of carbonates is an independent measurement of temperature, and if combined with the conventional stable isotopes, can provide information on the paleowater stable isotope composition. On the example of Provalata Cave (N. Macedonia), we apply for the first time, both conventional and clumped stable isotope analysis, and identify two different isotope alteration trends, reflecting two distinct hydrothermal events: an older, hotter one, where isotope alteration was likely related to isotope diffusion, lowering the δ18O values of the carbonate; and a younger one, related to the cave formation by low-temperature CO2-rich thermal waters, with dissolution-reprecipitation as the alteration mechanism, causing decrease in δ18O values, and unexpected increase in δ13C values. The findings are further corroborated by additional insight from optical petrography and cathodoluminescence microscopy, as well as fluid inclusion analysis of secondary calcite crystals related to the cave forming phase.
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9
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Alpine permafrost could account for a quarter of thawed carbon based on Plio-Pleistocene paleoclimate analogue. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1329. [PMID: 35288572 PMCID: PMC8921200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimates of the permafrost-climate feedback vary in magnitude and sign, partly because permafrost carbon stability in warmer-than-present conditions is not well constrained. Here we use a Plio-Pleistocene lacustrine reconstruction of mean annual air temperature (MAAT) from the Tibetan Plateau, the largest alpine permafrost region on the Earth, to constrain past and future changes in permafrost carbon storage. Clumped isotope-temperatures (Δ47-T) indicate warmer MAAT (~1.2 °C) prior to 2.7 Ma, and support a permafrost-free environment on the northern Tibetan Plateau in a warmer-than-present climate. Δ47-T indicate ~8.1 °C cooling from 2.7 Ma, coincident with Northern Hemisphere glacial intensification. Combined with climate models and global permafrost distribution, these results indicate, under conditions similar to mid-Pliocene Warm period (3.3–3.0 Ma), ~60% of alpine permafrost containing ~85 petagrams of carbon may be vulnerable to thawing compared to ~20% of circumarctic permafrost. This estimate highlights ~25% of permafrost carbon and the permafrost-climate feedback could originate in alpine areas. The stability of permafrost carbon is poorly understood. Here the authors use Plio-Pleistocene clumped isotope reconstructions from the Tibetan Plateau and climate simulation to determine that ~85 petagrams of alpine carbon is vulnerable to thawing.
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10
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Liu X, Deng W, Guo Y, Wei G. Improved Apparatus for Phosphoric Acid Digestion of Carbonates to Determine the Carbon, Oxygen and Clumped Isotope Compositions. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1904252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangrui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gangjian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Ternieten L, Früh‐Green GL, Bernasconi SM. Carbon Geochemistry of the Active Serpentinization Site at the Wadi Tayin Massif: Insights From the ICDP Oman Drilling Project: Phase II. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2021; 126:e2021JB022712. [PMID: 35859726 PMCID: PMC9285459 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb022712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A large part of the hydrated oceanic lithosphere consists of serpentinites exposed in ophiolites. Serpentinites constitute reactive chemical and thermal systems and potentially represent an effective sink for CO2. Understanding carbonation mechanisms within ophiolites are almost exclusively based on studies of outcrops, which can limit the interpretation of fossil hydrothermal systems. We present stable and radiogenic carbon isotope data that provide insights into the isotopic trends and fluid evolution of peridotite carbonation in ICDP Oman Drilling Project drill holes BA1B (400-m deep) and BA3A (300-m deep). Geochemical investigations of the carbonates in serpentinites indicate formation in the last 50 kyr, implying a distinctly different phase of alteration than the initial oceanic hydration and serpentinization of the Samail Ophiolite. The oldest carbonates (∼31 to >50 kyr) are localized calcite, dolomite, and aragonite veins, formed between 26°C and 43°C and related to focused fluid flow. Subsequent pervasive small amounts of dispersed carbonate precipitated in the last 1,000 years. Macroscopic brecciation and veining of the peridotite indicate that carbonation is influenced by tectonic features allowing infiltration of fluids over extended periods and at different structural levels such as along fracture planes and micro-fractures and grain boundaries, causing large-scale hydration of the ophiolite. The formation of dispersed carbonate is related to percolating fluids with δ 18O lower than modern ground and meteoric water. Our study shows that radiocarbon investigations are an essential tool to interpret the carbonation history and that stable oxygen and carbon isotopes alone can result in ambiguous interpretations.
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12
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Rovan L, Zuliani T, Horvat B, Kanduč T, Vreča P, Jamil Q, Čermelj B, Bura-Nakić E, Cukrov N, Štrok M, Lojen S. Uranium isotopes as a possible tracer of terrestrial authigenic carbonate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149103. [PMID: 34303980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and isotopic composition of uranium (δ238U, 234U/238U activity ratio) in combination with traditional isotopes (δ18O, δ13C) were examined as potential tracers of authigenic carbonate formation in a karst aquifer. The U concentration and 234U/238U activity ratios in the tufa-precipitating sections of two connected karst rivers (Krka and Zrmanja, Croatia) decreased downstream in water and in precipitated carbonate due to active self-purification processes, i.e. adsorption of isotopically lighter U(VI) on mineral particles, sedimentation and co-precipitation with carbonate. The isotopic composition of carbonate in tufa mostly resembled the 234U/238U activity ratio and the δ238U values of dissolved U in water but was also affected by the presence of detrital carbonate flushed into the river from soil and weathered bedrock. This interpretation was supported by the δ18O and δ13C values of tufa, which were shifted out of equilibrium with river water and dissolved in organic carbon and in their isotopic signature, which showed the presence of lithic carbonate. Large fluctuations of the δ238U values of water, leachable U (eluted in acetic acid buffered with Na-acetate) and residual U fraction could not be fully explained by available data due to the overlapping U isotopic signatures of leachable (mainly carbonate) and residual fractions of soil, bedrock and tufa. Therefore, a long-term, systematic, seasonal and event-based observation of the isotopic composition of dissolved and suspended particulate U in water is necessary. Nevertheless, the U isotopes were found to have the potential to be used as identifiers of authigenic carbonate and the storage of CO2 in terrestrial river sediments, to improve knowledge on fluxes within local and global biogeochemical carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leja Rovan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Horvat
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Kanduč
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Vreča
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Qasim Jamil
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Branko Čermelj
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 40, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Elvira Bura-Nakić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Cukrov
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Štrok
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Sonja Lojen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Glavni trg 8, 5271 Vipava, Slovenia
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Vickers ML, Bernasconi SM, Ullmann CV, Lode S, Looser N, Morales LG, Price GD, Wilby PR, Hougård IW, Hesselbo SP, Korte C. Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19109. [PMID: 34580353 PMCID: PMC8476565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the Earth's climate system during past periods of high atmospheric CO2 is crucial for forecasting climate change under anthropogenically-elevated CO2. The Mesozoic Era is believed to have coincided with a long-term Greenhouse climate, and many of our temperature reconstructions come from stable isotopes of marine biotic calcite, in particular from belemnites, an extinct group of molluscs with carbonate hard-parts. Yet, temperatures reconstructed from the oxygen isotope composition of belemnites are consistently colder than those derived from other temperature proxies, leading to large uncertainties around Mesozoic sea temperatures. Here we apply clumped isotope palaeothermometry to two distinct carbonate phases from exceptionally well-preserved belemnites in order to constrain their living habitat, and improve temperature reconstructions based on stable oxygen isotopes. We show that belemnites precipitated both aragonite and calcite in warm, open ocean surface waters, and demonstrate how previous low estimates of belemnite calcification temperatures has led to widespread underestimation of Mesozoic sea temperatures by ca. 12 °C, raising estimates of some of the lowest temperature estimates for the Jurassic period to values which approach modern mid-latitude sea surface temperatures. Our findings enable accurate recalculation of global Mesozoic belemnite temperatures, and will thus improve our understanding of Greenhouse climate dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine L. Vickers
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XFaculty of Science, Geology Section, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Stefano M. Bernasconi
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Geologisches Institut, Dep. Erdwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens V. Ullmann
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN UK ,grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE Cornwall UK
| | - Stefanie Lode
- grid.13508.3f0000 0001 1017 5662Department of Petrology and Economic Geology, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Nathan Looser
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Geologisches Institut, Dep. Erdwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Grafulha Morales
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Geologisches Institut, Dep. Erdwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Scientific Centre for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gregory D. Price
- grid.11201.330000 0001 2219 0747School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA UK
| | - Philip R. Wilby
- grid.474329.f0000 0001 1956 5915British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG UK ,grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - Iben Winther Hougård
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XFaculty of Science, Geology Section, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Stephen P. Hesselbo
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE Cornwall UK
| | - Christoph Korte
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XFaculty of Science, Geology Section, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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14
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Upadhyay D, Lucarelli J, Arnold A, Flores R, Bricker H, Ulrich RN, Jesmok G, Santi L, Defliese W, Eagle RA, Carroll HM, Bateman JB, Petryshyn V, Loyd SJ, Tang J, Priyadarshi A, Elliott B, Tripati A. Carbonate clumped isotope analysis (Δ 47 ) of 21 carbonate standards determined via gas-source isotope-ratio mass spectrometry on four instrumental configurations using carbonate-based standardization and multiyear data sets. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9143. [PMID: 34131977 PMCID: PMC9284978 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clumped isotope geochemistry examines the pairing or clumping of heavy isotopes in molecules and provides information about the thermodynamic and kinetic controls on their formation. The first clumped isotope measurements of carbonate minerals were first published 15 years ago, and since then, interlaboratory offsets have been observed, and laboratory and community practices for measurement, data analysis, and instrumentation have evolved. Here we briefly review historical and recent developments for measurements, share Tripati Lab practices for four different instrument configurations, test a recently published proposal for carbonate-based standardization on multiple instruments using multi-year data sets, and report values for 21 different carbonate standards that allow for recalculations of previously published data sets. METHODS We examine data from 4628 standard measurements on Thermo MAT 253 and Nu Perspective IS mass spectrometers, using a common acid bath (90°C) and small-sample (70°C) individual reaction vessels. Each configuration was investigated by treating some standards as anchors (working standards) and the remainder as unknowns (consistency standards). RESULTS We show that different acid digestion systems and mass spectrometer models yield indistinguishable results when instrument drift is well characterized. For linearity correction, mixed gas-and-carbonate standardization or carbonate-only standardization yields similar results. No difference is observed in the use of three or eight working standards for the construction of transfer functions. CONCLUSIONS We show that all configurations yield similar results if instrument drift is robustly characterized and validate a recent proposal for carbonate-based standardization using large multiyear data sets. Δ47 values are reported for 21 carbonate standards on both the absolute reference frame (ARF; also refered to as the Carbon Dioxide Equilibrated Scale or CDES) and the new InterCarb-Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium Scale (I-CDES) reference frame, facilitating intercomparison of data from a diversity of labs and instrument configurations and restandardization of a broad range of sample sets between 2006, when the first carbonate measurements were published, and the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Upadhyay
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Jamie Lucarelli
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Alexandrea Arnold
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Randy Flores
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Hayley Bricker
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Robert N. Ulrich
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Gregory Jesmok
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
- Department of Geological SciencesCalifornia State UniversityNorthridgeCalifornia
| | - Lauren Santi
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
- GSI Environmental IncIrvineCalifornia
| | - William Defliese
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Robert A. Eagle
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Hannah M. Carroll
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Jesse Bloom Bateman
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
- Biological Sciences DepartmentState University of New YorkCortlandNew York
| | - Victoria Petryshyn
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
- Environmental Studies ProgramDepartment of Environmental Studies, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Sean J. Loyd
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
- Geological Sciences DepartmentCalifornia State University FullertonFullertonCalifornia
| | - Jianwu Tang
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Antra Priyadarshi
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Ben Elliott
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Aradhna Tripati
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
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15
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Swart PK, Lu C, Moore EW, Smith ME, Murray ST, Staudigel PT. A calibration equation between Δ 48 values of carbonate and temperature. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9147. [PMID: 34145645 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Information on the temperature of formation or alteration of carbonate minerals can be obtained by measuring the abundance of the isotopologues 47 and 48 (Δ47 and Δ48 values) of CO2 released during acid dissolution. The combination of these two proxies can potentially provide a greater insight into the temperature of formation, particularly if the carbonate minerals form by non-equilibrium processes. METHODS We have precipitated calcium carbonates at seven temperatures between 5 and 65°C and measured their δ48 values using a Thermo-253 plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The values were transformed to Δ48 values in the conventional manner and then converted to the carbon dioxide equilibrium scale. RESULTS Using the Δ48 values, we have established an empirical calibration between temperature and Δ48 values: [Formula: see text] CONCLUSIONS: The calibration line produced allows the determination of the temperature of natural carbonates using the Δ48 values and agrees with the measurements of the Δ47 and Δ48 values of some carbonates assumed to have formed under equilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Swart
- Department of Marine Geosciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Chaojin Lu
- Department of Marine Geosciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Evan W Moore
- Department of Marine Geosciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Megan E Smith
- Department of Marine Geosciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sean T Murray
- Department of Marine Geosciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of the Environment, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip T Staudigel
- Department of Marine Geosciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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16
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Abstract
The spatial coverage and temporal resolution of the Early Paleozoic paleoclimate record are limited, primarily due to the paucity of well-preserved skeletal material commonly used for oxygen-isotope paleothermometry. Bulk-rock [Formula: see text] datasets can provide broader coverage and higher resolution, but are prone to burial alteration. We assess the diagenetic character of two thick Cambro-Ordovician carbonate platforms with minimal to moderate burial by pairing clumped and bulk isotope analyses of micritic carbonates. Despite resetting of the clumped-isotope thermometer at both sites, our samples indicate relatively little change to their bulk [Formula: see text] due to low fluid exchange. Consequently, both sequences preserve temporal trends in [Formula: see text] Motivated by this result, we compile a global suite of bulk rock [Formula: see text] data, stacking overlapping regional records to minimize diagenetic influences on overall trends. We find good agreement of bulk rock [Formula: see text] with brachiopod and conodont [Formula: see text] trends through time. Given evidence that the [Formula: see text] value of seawater has not evolved substantially through the Phanerozoic, we interpret this record as primarily reflecting changes in tropical, nearshore seawater temperatures and only moderately modified by diagenesis. Focusing on the samples with the most enriched, and thus likely least-altered, [Formula: see text] values, we reconstruct Late Cambrian warming, Early Ordovician extreme warmth, and cooling around the Early-Middle Ordovician boundary. Our record is consistent with models linking the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event to cooling of previously very warm tropical oceans. In addition, our high-temporal-resolution record suggests previously unresolved transient warming and climate instability potentially associated with Late Ordovician tectonic events.
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17
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Bernasconi SM, Daëron M, Bergmann KD, Bonifacie M, Meckler AN, Affek HP, Anderson N, Bajnai D, Barkan E, Beverly E, Blamart D, Burgener L, Calmels D, Chaduteau C, Clog M, Davidheiser‐Kroll B, Davies A, Dux F, Eiler J, Elliott B, Fetrow AC, Fiebig J, Goldberg S, Hermoso M, Huntington KW, Hyland E, Ingalls M, Jaggi M, John CM, Jost AB, Katz S, Kelson J, Kluge T, Kocken IJ, Laskar A, Leutert TJ, Liang D, Lucarelli J, Mackey TJ, Mangenot X, Meinicke N, Modestou SE, Müller IA, Murray S, Neary A, Packard N, Passey BH, Pelletier E, Petersen S, Piasecki A, Schauer A, Snell KE, Swart PK, Tripati A, Upadhyay D, Vennemann T, Winkelstern I, Yarian D, Yoshida N, Zhang N, Ziegler M. InterCarb: A Community Effort to Improve Interlaboratory Standardization of the Carbonate Clumped Isotope Thermometer Using Carbonate Standards. GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS : G(3) 2021; 22:e2020GC009588. [PMID: 34220359 PMCID: PMC8244079 DOI: 10.1029/2020gc009588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased use and improved methodology of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry has greatly enhanced our ability to interrogate a suite of Earth-system processes. However, interlaboratory discrepancies in quantifying carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) measurements persist, and their specific sources remain unclear. To address interlaboratory differences, we first provide consensus values from the clumped isotope community for four carbonate standards relative to heated and equilibrated gases with 1,819 individual analyses from 10 laboratories. Then we analyzed the four carbonate standards along with three additional standards, spanning a broad range of δ47 and Δ47 values, for a total of 5,329 analyses on 25 individual mass spectrometers from 22 different laboratories. Treating three of the materials as known standards and the other four as unknowns, we find that the use of carbonate reference materials is a robust method for standardization that yields interlaboratory discrepancies entirely consistent with intralaboratory analytical uncertainties. Carbonate reference materials, along with measurement and data processing practices described herein, provide the carbonate clumped isotope community with a robust approach to achieve interlaboratory agreement as we continue to use and improve this powerful geochemical tool. We propose that carbonate clumped isotope data normalized to the carbonate reference materials described in this publication should be reported as Δ47 (I-CDES) values for Intercarb-Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium Scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Daëron
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’EnvironnementLSCE/IPSLCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - K. D. Bergmann
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - M. Bonifacie
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
| | - A. N. Meckler
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - H. P. Affek
- Institute of Earth SciencesHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - N. Anderson
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - D. Bajnai
- Institute of GeosciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - E. Barkan
- Institute of Earth SciencesHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - E. Beverly
- Now at Department of Earth and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - D. Blamart
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’EnvironnementLSCE/IPSLCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - L. Burgener
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - D. Calmels
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
- Now at Geosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS)Université Paris‐SaclayCNRSOrsayFrance
| | - C. Chaduteau
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
| | - M. Clog
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC)ScotlandUK
| | | | - A. Davies
- Now at Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - F. Dux
- Now at School of Earth and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongAustralia
- School of GeographyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - J. Eiler
- Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - B. Elliott
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - J. Fiebig
- Institute of GeosciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - S. Goldberg
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - M. Hermoso
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’OpaleUniv. LilleCNRSLaboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (UMR 8187 LOG)WimereuxFrance
| | | | - E. Hyland
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - M. Ingalls
- Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Now at Department of GeosciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - M. Jaggi
- Geological InstituteETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - A. B. Jost
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - S. Katz
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - J. Kelson
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - T. Kluge
- Imperial CollegeLondonUK
- Now at Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KITKarlsruheGermany
| | - I. J. Kocken
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - A. Laskar
- Institute of Earth SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - T. J. Leutert
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Now at Max Planck Institute for ChemistryMainzGermany
| | - D. Liang
- Institute of Earth SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - J. Lucarelli
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - T. J. Mackey
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Now at Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - X. Mangenot
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
- Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - N. Meinicke
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - S. E. Modestou
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - I. A. Müller
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - A. Neary
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - N. Packard
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - B. H. Passey
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - E. Pelletier
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - S. Petersen
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - A. Piasecki
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Now at Department of Earth SciencesDartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA
| | | | | | - P. K. Swart
- Department of Marine GeosciencesRostiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | - A. Tripati
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - D. Upadhyay
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - T. Vennemann
- Institute of Earth Surface DynamicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - I. Winkelstern
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Now at Geology DepartmentGrand Valley State UniversityAllendaleMIUSA
| | - D. Yarian
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - N. Yoshida
- Earth‐Life Science InstituteTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan
- National Institute of Information and Communications TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - N. Zhang
- Earth‐Life Science InstituteTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - M. Ziegler
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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18
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Burial-Deformation History of Folded Rocks Unraveled by Fracture Analysis, Stylolite Paleopiezometry and Vein Cement Geochemistry: A Case Study in the Cingoli Anticline (Umbria-Marche, Northern Apennines). GEOSCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences11030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the burial-deformation history of sedimentary rocks is prerequisite information to understand the regional tectonic, sedimentary, thermal, and fluid-flow evolution of foreland basins. We use a combination of microstructural analysis, stylolites paleopiezometry, and paleofluid geochemistry to reconstruct the burial-deformation history of the Meso-Cenozoic carbonate sequence of the Cingoli Anticline (Northern Apennines, central Italy). Four major sets of mesostructures were linked to the regional deformation sequence: (i) pre-folding foreland flexure/forebulge; (ii) fold-scale layer-parallel shortening under a N045 σ1; (iii) syn-folding curvature of which the variable trend between the north and the south of the anticline is consistent with the arcuate shape of the anticline; (iv) the late stage of fold tightening. The maximum depth experienced by the strata prior to contraction, up to 1850 m, was quantified by sedimentary stylolite paleopiezometry and projected on the reconstructed burial curve to assess the timing of the contraction. As isotope geochemistry points towards fluid precipitation at thermal equilibrium, the carbonate clumped isotope thermometry (Δ47) considered for each fracture set yields the absolute timing of the development and exhumation of the Cingoli Anticline: layer-parallel shortening occurred from ~6.3 to 5.8 Ma, followed by fold growth that lasted from ~5.8 to 3.9 Ma.
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Demény A, Rinyu L, Németh P, Czuppon G, Enyedi N, Makk J, Leél-Őssy S, Kesjár D, Kovács I. Bacterial and abiogenic carbonates formed in caves-no vital effect on clumped isotope compositions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245621. [PMID: 33493213 PMCID: PMC7833151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Speleothems (dominated by cave-hosted carbonate deposits) are valuable archives of paleoclimate conditions. As such, they are potential targets of clumped isotope analyses that may yield quantified data about past temperature variations. Clumped isotope analyses of stalagmites, however, seldom provide useful temperature values due to various isotope fractionation processes. This study focuses on the determination of the microbially induced vital effect, i.e., the isotope fractionation processes related to bacterial carbonate production. A cave site with biologically mediated amorphous calcium carbonate precitation was selected as a natural laboratory. Calcite deposits were farmed under a UV lamp to prevent bacterial activity, as well as under control conditions. Microbiological analyses and morphological investigations using scanning electron microscopy showed that the UV lamp treatment effectively reduced the number of bacterial cells, and that bacterial carbonate production strongly influenced the carbonate’s morphology. Stable oxygen isotope analyses of calcite and drip waters, as well as clumped isotope measurements revealed that, although most of the studied carbonates formed close to oxygen isotope equilibrium, clumped isotope Δ47 values varied widely from equilibrium to strongly fractionated data. Site-specific kinetic fractionations played a dominant role in the distribution of Δ47 values, whereas bacterial carbonate production did not result in a detectable clumped isotope effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Demény
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - László Rinyu
- Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre (ICER), Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - György Czuppon
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Enyedi
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Makk
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Leél-Őssy
- Department of Physical and Applied Geology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kesjár
- Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre (ICER), Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ivett Kovács
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Li H, Liu X, Tripati A, Feng S, Elliott B, Whicker C, Arnold A, Kelley AM. Factors controlling the oxygen isotopic composition of lacustrine authigenic carbonates in Western China: implications for paleoclimate reconstructions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16370. [PMID: 33005002 PMCID: PMC7529879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the carbonate-water system, at equilibrium, the oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate is dependent not only on the temperature but also on the isotopic composition of host water in which the carbonate is formed. In this study, lake surface sediment and water samples were collected from 33 terminal lakes in Western China to evaluate controls on the oxygen isotopic composition of lacustrine authigenic carbonates (δ18Ocarb) and its spatial distribution. Our results show that water oxygen isotopic composition (δ18Owater) rather than lake summer water temperature (Twater), is the main determinant of δ18Ocarb, irrespective of whether oxygen isotope equilibrium is achieved. There are significant linear correlations between δ18Ocarb and elevation, as well as that between δ18Ocarb and latitude for lakes located on the Tibetan Plateau. In Western China, the spatial distribution of δ18Ocarb is consistent with that of δ18Owater, and is ultimately controlled by the isotopic composition of local precipitation (δ18Oprecipitation) that depends on the source of water vapor. Therefore, changes in δ18Ocarb can be predominantly interpreted as variations of δ18Owater, which in turn represent changes in δ18Oprecipitation for paleoclimate reconstructions in this region, and may be relevant to studies of other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashu Li
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, 105 West-Third-Ring North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Liu
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, 105 West-Third-Ring North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aradhna Tripati
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,European Institute of Marine Sciences (IUEM), IFREMER, Laboratoire Géophysique et enregistrement Sédimentaire, Université de Brest, UMR 6538, Domaines Océaniques, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Shengnan Feng
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, 105 West-Third-Ring North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Elliott
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chloe Whicker
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexandrea Arnold
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anne Marie Kelley
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Diverse Leadership in Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Vickers ML, Lengger SK, Bernasconi SM, Thibault N, Schultz BP, Fernandez A, Ullmann CV, McCormack P, Bjerrum CJ, Rasmussen JA, Hougård IW, Korte C. Cold spells in the Nordic Seas during the early Eocene Greenhouse. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4713. [PMID: 32948769 PMCID: PMC7501286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The early Eocene (c. 56 - 48 million years ago) experienced some of the highest global temperatures in Earth’s history since the Mesozoic, with no polar ice. Reports of contradictory ice-rafted erratics and cold water glendonites in the higher latitudes have been largely dismissed due to ambiguity of the significance of these purported cold-climate indicators. Here we apply clumped isotope paleothermometry to a traditionally qualitative abiotic proxy, glendonite calcite, to generate quantitative temperature estimates for northern mid-latitude bottom waters. Our data show that the glendonites of the Danish Basin formed in waters below 5 °C, at water depths of <300 m. Such near-freezing temperatures have not previously been reconstructed from proxy data for anywhere on the early Eocene Earth, and these data therefore suggest that regionalised cool episodes punctuated the background warmth of the early Eocene, likely linked to eruptive phases of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. The early Eocene was characterized by exceptionally high global temperatures and no polar ice. Here, clumped isotope paleothermometry of glendonite calcite from the Danish Basin shows that these were formed in waters below 5 °C, indicating that regionalised cool episodes punctuated the background warmth of the early Eocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine L Vickers
- IGN, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sabine K Lengger
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Thibault
- IGN, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alvaro Fernandez
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Clemens V Ullmann
- Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Paul McCormack
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Christian J Bjerrum
- IGN, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Audun Rasmussen
- Museum Mors, Fossil- and Mo-clay Museum, Skarrehagevej 8, 7900, Nykøbing Mors, Denmark
| | | | - Christoph Korte
- IGN, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dual clumped isotope thermometry resolves kinetic biases in carbonate formation temperatures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4005. [PMID: 32778658 PMCID: PMC7418028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface temperature is a fundamental parameter of Earth’s climate. Its evolution through time is commonly reconstructed using the oxygen isotope and the clumped isotope compositions of carbonate archives. However, reaction kinetics involved in the precipitation of carbonates can introduce inaccuracies in the derived temperatures. Here, we show that dual clumped isotope analyses, i.e., simultaneous ∆47 and ∆48 measurements on the single carbonate phase, can identify the origin and quantify the extent of these kinetic biases. Our results verify theoretical predictions and evidence that the isotopic disequilibrium commonly observed in speleothems and scleractinian coral skeletons is inherited from the dissolved inorganic carbon pool of their parent solutions. Further, we show that dual clumped isotope thermometry can achieve reliable palaeotemperature reconstructions, devoid of kinetic bias. Analysis of a belemnite rostrum implies that it precipitated near isotopic equilibrium and confirms the warmer-than-present temperatures during the Early Cretaceous at southern high latitudes. Some palaeotemperature proxies suffer from inaccuracies related to kinetic fractionations occurring during carbonate mineral growth. Here, the authors show that dual clumped isotope thermometry can identify the origin of these kinetic biases and allows for the reconstruction of accurate environmental temperatures.
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Massive formation of early diagenetic dolomite in the Ediacaran ocean: Constraints on the "dolomite problem". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14005-14014. [PMID: 32513736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916673117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleozoic and Precambrian sedimentary successions frequently contain massive dolomicrite [CaMg(CO3)2] units despite kinetic inhibitions to nucleation and precipitation of dolomite at Earth surface temperatures (<60 °C). This paradoxical observation is known as the "dolomite problem." Accordingly, the genesis of these dolostones is usually attributed to burial-hydrothermal dolomitization of primary limestones (CaCO3) at temperatures of >100 °C, thus raising doubt about the validity of these deposits as archives of Earth surface environments. We present a high-resolution, >63-My-long clumped-isotope temperature (TΔ47) record of shallow-marine dolomicrites from two drillcores of the Ediacaran (635 to 541 Ma) Doushantuo Formation in South China. Our T∆47 record indicates that a majority (87%) of these dolostones formed at temperatures of <100 °C. When considering the regional thermal history, modeling of the influence of solid-state reordering on our TΔ47 record further suggests that most of the studied dolostones formed at temperatures of <60 °C, providing direct evidence of a low-temperature origin of these dolostones. Furthermore, calculated δ18O values of diagenetic fluids, rare earth element plus yttrium compositions, and petrographic observations of these dolostones are consistent with an early diagenetic origin in a rock-buffered environment. We thus propose that a precursor precipitate from seawater was subsequently dolomitized during early diagenesis in a near-surface setting to produce the large volume of dolostones in the Doushantuo Formation. Our findings suggest that the preponderance of dolomite in Paleozoic and Precambrian deposits likely reflects oceanic conditions specific to those eras and that dolostones can be faithful recorders of environmental conditions in the early oceans.
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Defliese WF, Tripati A. Analytical effects on clumped isotope thermometry: Comparison of a common sample set analyzed using multiple instruments, types of standards, and standardization windows. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8666. [PMID: 31756007 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carbonate clumped isotope geothermometry is being increasingly used in multiple disciplines in the geosciences. However, potential interlaboratory issues are arising from different standardization procedures that may contribute to the multiple Δ47 -temperature calibrations reported in the literature. We investigate this issue by comparing a common temperature calibration sample set across three different mass spectrometers, using multiple standardization methods. METHODS The same temperature calibration sample set was analyzed on three different mass spectrometers. Several standardization methods were utilized, including the use of carbonate versus gas standards, and different types of background correction were applied to the raw data. RESULTS All standardization types applied resulted in statistically indistinguishable Δ47 -temperature slopes, with the exception of standardization calculations that did not correct for background effects. Some instruments and standardizations showed different intercepts relative to each other. The use of carbonate standards improved comparability between different instruments relative to gas standards. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that background effects are the largest factor potentially affecting Δ47 results, and there may be an improvement in interlaboratory precision using carbonate standards. Critically, all techniques used for standardizing Δ47 results converge on a common slope as long as background effects are properly corrected. The use of carbonate standards is recommended as a component of standardization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Defliese
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Aradhna Tripati
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- European Institute of Marine Sciences (IUEM), Université de Brest, Domaines Océaniques, Rue Dumont D'Urville, and IFREMER, Plouzané, France
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25
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Chang B, Defliese WF, Li C, Huang J, Tripati A, Algeo TJ. Effects of different constants and standards on the reproducibility of carbonate clumped isotope (Δ 47 ) measurements: Insights from a long-term dataset. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8678. [PMID: 31814194 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47 ) thermometry examines the temperature-dependent excess abundance of the 13 C-18 O bond in the carbonate lattice. Inconsistent temperature calibrations and standard values have been reported among laboratories, which has led to the use of equilibrated gases and carbonate standards for standardization. Furthermore, different acid fractionation factors and isotopic parameter sets have been proposed for improving inter-laboratory data comparability. However, few long-term datasets have been generated to explore the effects of these factors on the long-term reproducibility of Δ47 data within a laboratory. METHODS Four standards (ISTB-1, NBS-19, GBWO4416, and GB04417) were analyzed as unknowns by isotope ratio mass spectrometry from 2015 to 2019. The values of Δ47 were calibrated using the ETH standards. We investigated the Assonov, Brand, and Gonfiantini isotope parameter sets for carbon and oxygen isotopes, as well as two correction schemes of equilibrated gas and carbonate standardization, using the same sample measurements to determine which procedures enhanced reproducibility. ISTB-1 (calcite) and ZK312-346W (dolomite) were measured to determine the 90°C acid fractionation factor. RESULTS The corrected 90°C acid fractionation factors are 0.076 ± 0.008‰ for ISTB-1 and 0.077 ± 0.009‰ for ZK312-346W. The choice of isotope parameter set had no significant influence on final Δ47 values in this study. However, using the Assonov parameters to calculate Δ47 values improved the reproducibility of the results. The use of carbonate standards improved reproducibility through time compared with the use of equilibrated gases for standardization. CONCLUSIONS At 90°C, the acid fractionation factors of calcite and dolomite are statistically indistinguishable. We find an insignificant effect from changing the isotope parameter set, suggesting that the choice of isotope parameter set among laboratories is not a major factor affecting inter-laboratory reproducibility. We find that using carbonate standards improved the reproducibility of results, suggesting that the use of carbonate standards may help to achieve inter-laboratory comparability of results in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - William F Defliese
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Aradhna Tripati
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas J Algeo
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0013, USA
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26
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Quandt D, Micheuz P, Kurz W, Bernasconi SM, Hippler D, Krenn K, Hauzenberger CA. Geochemistry and Microtextures of Vein Calcites Pervading the Izu-Bonin Forearc and Rear Arc Crust: New Insights From IODP Expeditions 352 and 351. GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS : G(3) 2020; 21:e2019GC008745. [PMID: 32714098 PMCID: PMC7374941 DOI: 10.1029/2019gc008745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
International Ocean Discovery Program Expeditions 352 and 351 drilled into the Western Pacific Izu-Bonin forearc and rear arc. The drill cores revealed that the forearc is composed of forearc basalts (FAB) and boninites and the rear arc consists of FAB-like rocks. These rocks are pervaded by calcite veins. Blocky vein microtextures enclosing host rock fragments dominate in all locations and suggest hydrofracturing and advective fluid flow. Significant diffusion-fed and crystallization pressure-driven antitaxial veining is restricted to the rear arc. The lack of faults and presence of an Eocene sedimentary cover in the rear arc facilitated antitaxial veining. Rare earth element and isotopic (δ18O, δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr, and Δ47) tracers indicate varying parental fluid compositions ranging from pristine to variably modified seawater. The most pristine seawater signatures are recorded by FAB-hosted low-T (<30 °C) vein calcites. Their 87Sr/86Sr ratios intersect the 87Sr/86Sr seawater curve at ~35-33 and ~22 Ma. These intersections are interpreted as precipitation ages, which concur with Pacific slab rollback. Boninite-hosted low-T (<30 °C) vein calcites precipitated from seawater that was modified by fluid-rock interactions. Mixing calculations yield a mixture of >95% seawater and <5% basaltic 87Sr/86Sr. In the rear arc, low-T rock alteration lowered the circulating seawater in δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr. Thus, vein calcites precipitated from modified seawater with up to 20-30% basaltic 87Sr/86Sr at temperatures up to 74 ± 12 °C. These results show how the local geology and vein growth dynamics affect microtextures and geochemical compositions of vein precipitates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Quandt
- NAWI Graz Geocenter, Institute of Earth SciencesUniversity of GrazAustria
| | - P. Micheuz
- NAWI Graz Geocenter, Institute of Earth SciencesUniversity of GrazAustria
| | - W. Kurz
- NAWI Graz Geocenter, Institute of Earth SciencesUniversity of GrazAustria
| | - S. M. Bernasconi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Geological InstituteETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - D. Hippler
- NAWI Graz Geocenter, Institute of Applied GeosciencesGraz University of TechnologyAustria
| | - K. Krenn
- NAWI Graz Geocenter, Institute of Earth SciencesUniversity of GrazAustria
| | - C. A. Hauzenberger
- NAWI Graz Geocenter, Institute of Earth SciencesUniversity of GrazAustria
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Wang Z, Nelson DD, Dettman DL, McManus JB, Quade J, Huntington KW, Schauer AJ, Sakai S. Rapid and Precise Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Clumped Isotopic Composition by Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2034-2042. [PMID: 31868350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The high precision measurement of doubly substituted ("clumped") isotopologues in CO2 is a topic of significant interest in isotope geochemistry. Here we describe the performance of a new isotope ratio laser spectrometer using tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectroscopy (TILDAS). The TILDAS instrument has two continuous-wave lasers to simultaneously measure the four isotopologues involved in the 12C16O2 + 13C16O18O ⇆ 13C16O2 + 12C16O18O exchange reaction. CO2 samples are trapped in a low volume (∼250 mL) optical multipass cell with a path length of 36 m. Each sample is compared to a reference gas, and clumped isotopologue precision of 0.01‰ (SE) is achieved within 20 min for 15 μmol samples. Similar precision is also achieved for bulk isotopic composition. The degree of rare isotope clumping in excess of strictly random distribution (Δ16O13C18O) measured by this TILDAS instrument varies linearly with theoretically calculated values and shows a very weak dependence on bulk isotopic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Wang
- Department of Geosciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - David D Nelson
- Aerodyne Research, Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - David L Dettman
- Department of Geosciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - J Barry McManus
- Aerodyne Research, Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Jay Quade
- Department of Geosciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Katharine W Huntington
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Andrew J Schauer
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Saburo Sakai
- Institute of Biogeochemistry , Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology , Yokosuka , Kaganaga 237-0061 , Japan
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Daëron M, Drysdale RN, Peral M, Huyghe D, Blamart D, Coplen TB, Lartaud F, Zanchetta G. Most Earth-surface calcites precipitate out of isotopic equilibrium. Nat Commun 2019; 10:429. [PMID: 30683869 PMCID: PMC6347637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-isotope thermometry played a critical role in the rise of modern geochemistry and remains extensively used in (bio-)geoscience. Its theoretical foundations rest on the assumption that 18O/16O partitioning among water and carbonate minerals primarily reflects thermodynamic equilibrium. However, after decades of research, there is no consensus on the true equilibrium 18O/16O fractionation between calcite and water (18αcc/w). Here, we constrain the equilibrium relations linking temperature, 18αcc/w, and clumped isotopes (Δ47) based on the composition of extremely slow-growing calcites from Devils Hole and Laghetto Basso (Corchia Cave). Equilibrium 18αcc/w values are systematically ~1.5‰ greater than those in biogenic and synthetic calcite traditionally considered to approach oxygen-isotope equilibrium. We further demonstrate that subtle disequilibria also affect Δ47 in biogenic calcite. These observations provide evidence that most Earth-surface calcites fail to achieve isotopic equilibrium, highlighting the need to improve our quantitative understanding of non-equilibrium isotope fractionation effects instead of relying on phenomenological calibrations. Isotopic thermometry of carbonate minerals postulates that their composition reflects thermodynamic equilibrium constants. Here the authors constrain equilibrium relationships between temperature, 18O/16O and clumped isotopes and find that most natural calcites form out of isotopic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daëron
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - R N Drysdale
- School of Geography, The University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.,EDYTEM UMR CNRS 5204, Bâtiment "Pôle Montagne", Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 5 bd de la Mer Caspienne, F-73376, Le Bourget du Lac Cedex, France
| | - M Peral
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Huyghe
- Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-66650, Banyuls-sur-mer, France.,Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS, UR 234 IRD, UM 97 UPS, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, CNES, 14 avenue Édouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Géosciences, MINES ParisTech, PSL University, 35 rue St Honoré, 77305, Fontainebleau Cedex, France
| | - D Blamart
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T B Coplen
- U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA, 20192, USA
| | - F Lartaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-66650, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - G Zanchetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Venturelli RA, Rosenheim BE. Compositional and beam-size-dependent effects on pressure baseline in clumped isotope mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:140-148. [PMID: 30304575 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The analysis of carbonate samples for the application of clumped isotopes to paleoclimate reconstruction necessitates smaller beam intensities. However, there is a relationship between beam intensity and pressure-dependent baseline (PBL), and therefore between beam intensity and the correction for PBL. Here we explain the relationship between PBL and beam intensity to develop a better correction protocol and an improved understanding of clumped isotope mass spectrometry. METHODS We describe a beam size experiment using our Isoprime isotope ratio mass spectrometer in which samples of the carbonate standard IAEA-C1 were analyzed at 30, 50, and 70 nA to establish an optimal protocol and a new method to correct for PBL using the theoretical constraint of invariable Δ47 over a range of δ47 (bulk isotope composition) values. We also explore the effects of both over- and under-correction of PBL on equilibrated and heated gas samples to understand the effect of mis-correction of PBL. RESULTS The results of our beam size experiments showed that a direct measurement of the baseline consistently introduced variability to measurements of the Δ47 of heated gases, equilibrated gases, and carbonate standards. These results necessitated a new protocol to account for PBL in our system. Our new approach flattens the reference frame line slope to 0 and, importantly, reduces the variability of data points about the heated gas line. We also describe, for the first time, an empirically derived description of the compositional effect of PBL. CONCLUSIONS A seemingly small change in our isotope ratio mass spectrometer resulted in a better understanding of PBL, for which we have developed an empirically based correction protocol to apply. Our new protocol has the potential to reduce analytical time for laboratories measuring PBL, and supports the need for carbonate mineral-based clumped isotope standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Venturelli
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Brad E Rosenheim
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
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