1
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Changmai RR, Daimari SR, Yadav AK, Sarma M. Atmospheric oxidation pathways of CF 3CH 2CFCl 2 (HCFC-234fb) with OH-radicals and Cl-atoms: insights into the mechanism, thermodynamics, and kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23363-23371. [PMID: 39212031 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01643b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The atmospheric oxidation of 1,1-dichloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane, HCFC-234fb (DTP), leads to the formation of harmful radicals, contributing to stratospheric ozone depletion. Thus, a detailed study of the gas-phase oxidation of the first-generation chlorofluorocarbon alternative HCFC-234fb by a reaction with hydroxyl radicals and chlorine atoms is important to understand its harmful effects on the environment. In this work, we have performed quantum chemical calculations to investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the titled reaction. The potential energy profile calculated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//MP2/cc-pVTZ level of theory shows that the major reaction pathway involves the abstraction of the H-atom from the central carbon atom, C2, giving rise to the product radical CF3C˙HCCl2F. The calculated rate-coefficients for the reaction with ˙OH and Cl-atoms are 3.89 × 10-15 and 2.54 × 10-17 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively, at 298 K and are in accordance with the experimental rate coefficients. The results suggest that the rate-coefficient for the reaction of DTP with ˙OH is two orders of magnitude higher than that with Cl-atoms, indicating greater significance of the former reaction in the atmosphere. With the rate-coefficient values, the lifetime and the radiative efficiency were calculated to be 8.2 years and 0.246 W m-2 ppb-1, respectively. A 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of 712 was also estimated using the lifetime corrected radiative efficiency value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabu Ranjan Changmai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India.
| | - Samsung Raja Daimari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India.
| | - Anand Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India.
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India.
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2
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Espinosa S, Asensio M, Antiñolo M, Albaladejo J, Jiménez E. Atmospheric chemistry of CF 3CHFCF 2OCH 3 (HFE-356mec3) and CHF 2CHFOCF 3 (HFE-236ea1) initiated by OH and Cl and their contribution to global warming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:50347-50358. [PMID: 39095632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The kinetic study of the gas-phase reactions of hydroxyl (OH) radicals and chlorine (Cl) atoms with CF3CHFCF2OCH3 (HFE-356mec3) and CHF2CHFOCF3 (HFE-236ea1) was performed by the pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence technique and a relative method by using Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as detection technique. The temperature dependences of the OH-rate coefficients (kOH(T) in cm3s-1) between 263 and 353 K are well described by the following expressions: 9.93 × 10-13exp{-(988 ± 35)/T}for HFE-356mec3 and 4.75 × 10-13exp{-(1285 ± 22)/T} for HFE-236ea1. Under NOx-free conditions, the rate coefficients kCl at 298 K and 1013 mbar (760 Torr) of air were determined to be (2.30 ± 1.08) × 10-13 cm3s-1and (1.19 ± 0.10) × 10-15 cm3s-1, for HFE-356mec3 and HFE-236ea1, respectively. Additionally, the relative kinetic study of the Cl + CH2ClCHCl2 reaction was investigated at 298 K, as it was used as a reference reaction in the kinetic study of the Cl-reaction with HFE-356mec3 and discrepant rate coefficients were found in the literature. The global atmospheric lifetimes were estimated relative to CH3CCl3 at the tropospheric mean temperature (272 K) as 1.4 and 8.6 years for HFE-356mec3 and HFE-236ea1, respectively. These values combined with the radiative efficiencies for HFE-356mec3 and HFE-236ea1 derived from the measured IR absorption cross sections (0.27 and 0.41 W m-2 ppv-1) yield global warming potentials at a 100-yrs time horizon of 143 and 1473, respectively. The contribution of HFE-356mec3 and HFE-236ea1 to global warming of the atmosphere would be large if they become widespread increasing their atmospheric concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Espinosa
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Camino de Moledores, S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Asensio
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Camino de Moledores, S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Antiñolo
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Camino de Moledores, S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Albaladejo
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Camino de Moledores, S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica (ICCA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Camino de Moledores, S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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3
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Sun Q, Yu X, Wu L, Gao R, Hou Z, Wang Z, Wei L, Jing L, Liu Y, Deng J, Dai H. Boosting Catalytic and Anti-fluorination Performance of the Ru/Vanadia-Titania Catalyst for the Oxidative Destruction of Freon by Sulfuric Acid Modification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12719-12730. [PMID: 38959427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) exert a strong greenhouse effect and constitute the largest contributor to ozone depletion. Catalytic removal is considered an effective pathway for eliminating low-concentration CFCs under mild conditions. The key issue is the easy deactivation of the catalysts due to their surface fluorination. We herein report a comparative investigation on catalytic dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) removal in the absence or presence of water over the sulfuric-acid-modified three-dimensionally ordered macroporous vanadia-titania-supported Ru (S-Ru/3DOM VTO) catalysts. The S-Ru/3DOM VTO catalyst exhibited high activity (T90% = 278 °C at space velocity = 40 000 mL g-1 h-1) and good stability within 60 h of on-stream reaction in the presence of 1800 ppm of water due to the improvements in acid site amount and redox ability that promoted the adsorption of CFC-12 and the activation of C-F bonds. Compared with the case under dry conditions, catalytic performance for CFC-12 removal was better over the S-Ru/3DOM VTO catalyst in the presence of water. Water introduction mitigated surface fluorination by the replenishment of hydroxyl groups, inhibited the formation of halogenated byproducts via the surface fluorine species cleaning effect, and promoted the reaction pathway of COX2 (X = Cl/F) → carboxylic acid → CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinpei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Linke Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiquan Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lu Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lin Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiguang Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hongxing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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4
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Nichols W, Elder R, Lie J, Shelton C. Reusable devices to apply cold sensation in the assessment of regional anaesthesia. BMJ 2024; 385:e079331. [PMID: 38811027 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2024-079331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Elder
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
| | - Jason Lie
- East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Burnley
| | - Cliff Shelton
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster
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5
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Hori H, Okamura K, Suzuki K, Biermann M. Efficient Mineralization of Lithium Bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide and Related Electrolyte Fluorochemicals Using Superheated Water. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22398-22409. [PMID: 38799364 PMCID: PMC11112716 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, Li[N(SO2C2F5)2], a typical fluorochemical aimed at better electrochemical performance of battery electrolytes, in superheated water was studied for its waste treatment. When Li[N(SO2C2F5)2] was reacted in pure superheated water at 300 °C, little F- ions were produced. In contrast, complete mineralization of the fluorine, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms in Li[N(SO2C2F5)2] was achieved when the reaction was performed in the presence of KMnO4. Specifically, when Li[N(SO2C2F5)2] was treated for 18 h with 158 mM of KMnO4, the F- and SO42- yields were 101 and 99%, respectively, and the sum of the NO3- and NO2- yields was 101%. In the gas phase, trace CO2 was detected and no CHF3, which has high global warming potential, was formed. Furthermore, the fluorine, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms in the analogues K[N(SO2C4F9)2] and K[N(SO2CF2)2CF2] also underwent complete mineralization using the same approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Hori
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamura
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Kaito Suzuki
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Michael Biermann
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa
University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
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6
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Wang Y, Liu L, Qiao X, Sun M, Guo J, Zhao B, Zhang J. Atmospheric fate and impacts of HFO-1234yf from mobile air conditioners in East Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170137. [PMID: 38242457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) is being used as refrigerant to replace HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), a potent greenhouse gas, in mobile air conditioners. However, the environmental impacts of HFO-1234yf, which is quickly and almost completely transformed to the persistent and phytotoxic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), is of great concern. Here, we used the nested-grid chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, to assess the fate and environmental impacts of HFO-1234yf emissions from mobile air conditioners in East Asia. With total emissions of 30.3 Gg yr-1, the annual mean concentrations of HFO-1234yf in China, Japan, and South Korea were 4.00, 3.23, and 5.54 pptv (parts per trillion volume), respectively, and the annual deposition fluxes (dry plus wet) of TFA in these regions were 0.35, 0.48, and 0.53 kg km-2 yr-1, dominated by wet deposition. About 14 %, 13 % and 11 % of HFO-1234yf emissions were deposited as TFA in China, Japan and South Korea, respectively, i.e. a large portion of TFA was deposited in areas outside of the emission boundary regions. The TFA characteristics in Japan and South Korea was significantly influenced by emission from China, which contributions ranged from 43 % to 94 % for the TFA concentrations and 44 % to 98 % for the TFA depositions across the four seasons. This suggests that the influence of neighboring emission sources cannot be ignored when assessing the impact of HFO-1234yf emissions in individual countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xueqi Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Beijing Ecological Environment Assessment and Complaints Center, Beijing 100161, China
| | - Junyu Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bu Zhao
- School for Environment and Sustainability and Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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7
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Bernat M, Boyer A, Roche M, Richard C, Bouvet L, Remacle A, Antonini F, Poirier M, Pastene B, Hammad E, Fond G, Bruder N, Leone M, Zieleskiewicz L. Reducing the carbon footprint of general anaesthesia: a comparison of total intravenous anaesthesia vs. a mixed anaesthetic strategy in 47,157 adult patients. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:309-317. [PMID: 38205529 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Global warming is a major public health concern. Volatile anaesthetics are greenhouse gases that increase the carbon footprint of healthcare. Modelling studies indicate that total intravenous anaesthesia is less carbon intensive than volatile anaesthesia, with equivalent quality of care. In this observational study, we aimed to apply the findings of previous modelling studies to compare the carbon footprint per general anaesthetic of an exclusive TIVA strategy vs. a mixed TIVA-volatile strategy. This comparative retrospective study was conducted over 2 years in two French hospitals, one using total intravenous anaesthesia only and one using a mixed strategy including both intravenous and inhalation anaesthetic techniques. Based on pharmacy procurement records, the quantity of anaesthetic sedative drugs was converted to carbon dioxide equivalents. The primary outcome was the difference in carbon footprint of hypnotic drugs per intervention between the two strategies. From 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2022, 25,137 patients received general anaesthesia in the hospital using the total intravenous anaesthesia strategy and 22,020 in the hospital using the mixed strategy. The carbon dioxide equivalent footprint of hypnotic drugs per intervention in the hospital using the total intravenous anaesthesia strategy was 20 times lower than in the hospital using the mixed strategy (emissions of 2.42 kg vs. 48.85 kg carbon dioxide equivalent per intervention, respectively). The total intravenous anaesthesia strategy significantly reduces the carbon footprint of hypnotic drugs in general anaesthesia in adult patients compared with a mixed strategy. Further research is warranted to assess the risk-benefit ratio of the widespread adoption of total intravenous anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bernat
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - A Boyer
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - M Roche
- Pharmacy Department, Service Central des Opérations Pharmaceutiques, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - C Richard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - L Bouvet
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Remacle
- Departement of Medical Information, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - F Antonini
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - M Poirier
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - B Pastene
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - E Hammad
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - G Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - N Bruder
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - M Leone
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - L Zieleskiewicz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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8
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Nielsen OJ, Sulbaek Andersen MP. Inhalational volatile anaesthetic agents: the atmospheric scientists' viewpoint. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:246-251. [PMID: 38206102 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
All sectors of society must reduce their carbon footprint to mitigate climate change, and the healthcare community is no exception. This narrative review focuses on the environmental concerns associated with the emissions of volatile anaesthetic agents, some of which are potent greenhouse gases. This review provides an understanding of the global warming potential metric, as well as the concepts of atmospheric lifetime and radiative efficiency. The state of knowledge of the environmental impact and possible climate forcing of emitted volatile anaesthetic agents are reviewed. Additionally, the review discusses how climate metrics can guide mitigation strategies to reduce emissions and suggests present and future options for mitigating the climate impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Nielsen
- Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M P Sulbaek Andersen
- Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
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9
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Slingo JM, Slingo ME. The science of climate change and the effect of anaesthetic gas emissions. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:252-260. [PMID: 38205585 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The dedication of the international anaesthetic community to reducing the environmental impact of healthcare is important and to be celebrated. When this is underpinned by robust science, it has the potential to make a real difference. However, volatile anaesthetic agents have been widely promoted in the medical literature as damaging to the climate, leading to a drive to remove them from clinical practice. This is based on notional 'CO2 -equivalent' values created using the simple emission metric known as the global warming potential. Here, we assert that when proper consideration is given to the science of climate change, volatile anaesthetic gas emissions cannot be simply equated to real carbon dioxide emissions, and that their climate impact is vanishingly small. This paper gives anaesthetists a framework to make informed choices founded on climate science and calls for attention to be refocused on the urgent need to reduce the real carbon dioxide emissions associated with healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M E Slingo
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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10
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Sparke RE, Song A, Shelton CL, Patey SJ. Pentafluoropropane with tetrafluoroethane: a hidden greenhouse gas in regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2023:S0007-0912(23)00583-4. [PMID: 38016905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Sparke
- North West School of Anaesthesia, NHS England North West (Workforce Training and Education), Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Song
- North West School of Anaesthesia, NHS England North West (Workforce Training and Education), Manchester, UK
| | - Clifford L Shelton
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. https://twitter.com/DrSusannahP
| | - Susannah J Patey
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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11
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Zhang M, Hou H, Wang B. Theoretical Characterizations on the Eco-Friendly Gas Tetrafluoropropyne for Electrical Insulation to Replace Sulfur Hexafluoride. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7984-7996. [PMID: 37713647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Gases for electric insulation are essential for various types of high-voltage power equipment. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been a dielectric medium commonly used in electrical grids for decades but it is the most potent industrial greenhouse gas. The continuous increase of SF6 emissions in the atmosphere exerts a significant impact on global warming. The identification of suitable drop-in replacements for all SF6-filled apparatuses has been elusive experimentally and theoretically. We claim that tetrafluoropropyne, C3F4, is a breakthrough in chemical alternatives to SF6. The performance of C3F4 was assessed systematically in a 6-dimensional manner, including dielectric strength, liquefaction temperature, global warming potential, thermal stability, toxicity, and arc interruption. On the basis of the extensive ab initio calculations, it has been demonstrated rigorously that C3F4 is an environmentally sustainable solution that may fulfill the complex combination of performance, stability, safety, and environmental properties, namely, the dielectric strength is about 50% higher than that of SF6, the boiling point is -50 °C, the GWP for 100 year time horizons is only 3, the decomposition temperature is above 600 °C, the toxicity is as low as HFOs, and the interruption capability is two-thirds of SF6. Two protocols are suggested for the practical use of C3F4. First, equivalence to 0.5 MPa SF6 could be obtained by filling 0.33 MPa C3F4 pure gas and lead minimum operating temperature down to -21 °C. Second, by taking advantage of synergism effect, the 40% C3F4/60% CO2 mixture is a viable alternative to SF6 with the operating temperature -30 °C without causing any environmental and safety concerns. The present theoretical work sheds new light on the challenging topic of the development of alternative dielectric gases and may stimulate experimental tests on the electrical applications of C3F4 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Hou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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12
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Nichols W, Nicholls J, Bill V, Shelton C. Temperature changes of CoolSticks during simulated use. Int J Obstet Anesth 2023; 55:103890. [PMID: 37169662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cold sensation is often used to check neuraxial anaesthesia and analgesia. One opportunity to reduce the carbon footprint of anaesthesia is to replace vapo-coolant sprays such as ethyl chloride with a reusable device called the CoolStick, which is cooled in a refrigerator between uses. We designed a study to investigate how long the CoolStick remains at its working temperature, which we defined as <15 °C. METHOD Experiments were undertaken using a thermocouple and digital temperature sensor attached to the CoolStick. We conducted two experiments to assess temperature changes following removal from the refrigerator for 10 min; the first investigated passive re-warming in the ambient theatre environment and the second investigated re-warming in simulated use. In our third experiment, we investigated the time taken to cool the device in the refrigerator, following use. Each experiment was repeated three times. RESULTS In the passive re-warming experiment, the mean CoolStick temperature was 7.3 °C at the start, and 14.3 °C after 10 min. In the simulated use experiment, the mean CoolStick temperature was 7.3 °C at the start, and 18.9 °C at 10 min. In the cooling experiment, the mean CoolStick temperature was 15 °C at the start and 7.6 °C at 40 min. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that it is feasible to use the CoolStick for providing cold sensation in clinical practice. Further study would be required to directly compare the effectiveness of the device to existing methods such as coolant sprays or ice in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nichols
- North West School of Anaesthesia, Health Education England North West, Manchester, UK
| | - J Nicholls
- North West School of Anaesthesia, Health Education England North West, Manchester, UK
| | - V Bill
- North West School of Anaesthesia, Health Education England North West, Manchester, UK
| | - C Shelton
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK; Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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13
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Sulbaek Andersen MP, Nielsen OJ, Sherman JD. Assessing the potential climate impact of anaesthetic gases. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e622-e629. [PMID: 37438003 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern within the health-care community about the role care delivery plays in environmental degradation, sparking research into how to reduce pollution from clinical practice. Inhaled anaesthetics is a particular research area of interest for two reasons. First, several gases are potent greenhouse gases, and waste gas is mostly emitted directly to the environment. Second, there are options to reduce gas waste and substitute medications and procedures with fewer embodied emissions while delivering high-quality care. Performance improvements are contingent on a proper understanding of the emission estimates and climate metrics used to ensure consistent application in guiding mitigation strategies and accounting at various scales. We review the current literature on the environmental impact and the estimation of the potential climate forcing of common inhaled anaesthetic drugs: desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, and nitrous oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Peter Sulbaek Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA; Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ole John Nielsen
- Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jodi D Sherman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Kjærgaard ER, Vogt E, Møller KH, Nielsen OJ, Kjaergaard HG. Correction to "Atmospheric Chemistry of CH 3OCF 2CHF 2". J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37315189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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15
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Wang Y, Liu L, Qiao X, Sun M, Guo J, Zhang J, Zhao B. Projections of National-Gridded Emissions of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:8650-8659. [PMID: 37235871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are being used as substitutes for potent greenhouse gas hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). However, the use and environmental impacts of HFOs are of great concern due to the rapid degradation of HFOs to produce persistent and phytotoxic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Here, we provide a comprehensive projection of HFO emissions in China during 2024-2060 for the first time. Under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, China's HFO emissions are estimated to increase from 1.7 (1.3-2.3) to 148.8 (111.4-185.4) kt in 2024-2060 with cumulative emissions of 2.8 (2.0-3.5) Gt, and cumulative reduced HFCs emissions are evaluated to be 5.4 Gt CO2-equivalent. High HFO emissions would be distributed mainly in the North China Plain and the eastern and coastal areas. HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) contributes most of HFO emissions with a cumulative emission of 1.7 Gt in 2024-2060, while the cumulative increment of TFA deposition from HFO-1234yf emissions would reach 0.4-1.0 Gt. The long-term national-gridded HFO emission inventories can provide scientific support for evaluating the environmental risks of HFOs and developing HFC phase-out pathways for addressing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xueqi Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyu Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bu Zhao
- School for Environment and Sustainability and Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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16
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Thompson CJ, Gallagher NB, Hughey KD, Dunlap MK, Myers TL, Johnson TJ. An Interactive Spectral Analysis Tool for Chemical Identification and Quantification of Gas-Phase Species in Complex Spectra. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:557-568. [PMID: 37097834 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231169304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A spectral analysis tool has been developed to interactively identify and quantify individual gas-phase species from complex infrared absorbance spectra obtained from laboratory or field data. The SpecQuant program has an intuitive graphical interface that accommodates both reference and experimental data with varying resolution and instrumental lineshape, as well as algorithms to readily align the wavenumber axis of a sample spectrum with the raster of a reference spectrum. Using a classical least squares model in conjunction with reference spectra such as those from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) gas-phase infrared database or simulated spectra derived from the HITRAN line-by-line database, the mixing ratio of each identified species is determined along with its associated estimation error. After correcting the wavelength and intensity of the field data, SpecQuant displays the calculated mixing ratio versus the experimental data for each analyte along with the residual spectrum with any or all analyte fits subtracted for visual inspection of the fit and residuals. The software performance for multianalyte quantification was demonstrated using moderate resolution (0.5 cm-1) infrared spectra that were collected during the time-resolved infrared photolysis of methyl iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kendall D Hughey
- Chemical Physics and Analysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Megan K Dunlap
- Chemical Physics and Analysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tanya L Myers
- Chemical Physics and Analysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- Chemical Physics and Analysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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17
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Fortin TJ, McLinden MO. Vapor and Liquid ( p- ρ- T- x) Measurements of Binary Refrigerant Blends Containing R-134a, R-1234yf, and R-1234ze(E). JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA 2023; 68:10.1021/acs.jced.3c00104. [PMID: 39391290 PMCID: PMC11465363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.3c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
The pressure-density-temperature-composition (p-ρ-T-x) data of binary refrigerant mixtures containing R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene), and R-1234ze(E) (trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) were measured in both the vapor and liquid phases using a two-sinker, magnetic-suspension densimeter. The specific samples in this study comprised two compositions of approximately (0.3/0.7) and (0.7/0.3) mole fraction for each of the following three binary refrigerant blends: R-1234yf + R-134a, R-134a + R-1234ze(E), and R-1234yf + R-1234ze(E). Single-phase vapor densities were measured over a temperature range of (253 to 293) K and pressures from approximately (0.04 to 0.5) MPa. Single-phase liquid and supercritical densities were measured over a temperature range of (230 to 400) K and pressures up to 21 MPa; for refrigerant blends containing R-1234yf, the maximum pressure was limited to approximately 12 MPa. Overall relative combined, expanded (k = 2) uncertainties in density ranged from 0.043% to 0.418%, with an average uncertainty of approximately 0.06%. Here, we present measurement results, along with comparisons to available literature data and to default equations of state and mixture models included in REFPROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara J. Fortin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, U.S.A
| | - Mark O. McLinden
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, U.S.A
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18
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England MR, Polvani LM. The Montreal Protocol is delaying the occurrence of the first ice-free Arctic summer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211432120. [PMID: 37216559 PMCID: PMC10235994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211432120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid melting of Arctic sea ice is the largest and clearest signal of anthropogenic climate change. Current projections indicate that the first ice-free Arctic summer will likely occur by mid-century, owing to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. However, other powerful greenhouse gases have also contributed to Arctic sea ice loss, notably ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). In the late 1980s, ODSs became strictly regulated by the Montreal Protocol, and their atmospheric concentrations have been declining since the mid-1990s. Here, analyzing new climate model simulations, we demonstrate that the Montreal Protocol, designed to protect the ozone layer, is delaying the first appearance of an ice-free Arctic summer, by up to 15 y, depending on future emissions. We also show that this important climate mitigation stems entirely from the reduced greenhouse gas warming from the regulated ODSs, with the avoided stratospheric ozone losses playing no role. Finally, we estimate that each Gg of averted ODS emissions results in approximately 7 km2 of avoided Arctic sea ice loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. England
- Department of Earth and Planerary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo M. Polvani
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
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19
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Liaqat W, Altaf MT, Barutçular C, Nawaz H, Ullah I, Basit A, Mohamed HI. Ultraviolet-B radiation in relation to agriculture in the context of climate change: a review. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 52:1-24. [PMID: 37361481 PMCID: PMC10099031 DOI: 10.1007/s42976-023-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the amount of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) reaching the earth's surface has been altered due to climate change and stratospheric ozone dynamics. This narrow but highly biologically active spectrum of light (280-320 nm) can affect plant growth and development. Depletion of ozone and climate change are interlinked in a very complicated manner, i.e., significantly contributing to each other. The interaction of climate change, ozone depletion, and changes in UV-B radiation negatively affects the growth, development, and yield of plants. Furthermore, this interaction will become more complex in the coming years. The ozone layer reduction is paving a path for UV-B radiation to impact the surface of the earth and interfere with the plant's normal life by negatively affecting the plant's morphology and physiology. The nature and degree of the future response of the agricultural ecosystem to the decreasing or increasing UV-B radiation in the background of climate change and ozone dynamics are still unclear. In this regard, this review aims to elucidate the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation reaching the earth's surface due to the depletion of the ozone layer on plants' physiology and the performance of major cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Liaqat
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Tanveer Altaf
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Sivas University of Science and Technology, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Celaleddin Barutçular
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Hira Nawaz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Izhar Ullah
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341 Egypt
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20
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Jones MW, Peters GP, Gasser T, Andrew RM, Schwingshackl C, Gütschow J, Houghton RA, Friedlingstein P, Pongratz J, Le Quéré C. National contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide since 1850. Sci Data 2023; 10:155. [PMID: 36991071 PMCID: PMC10060593 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have made significant contributions to global warming since the pre-industrial period and are therefore targeted in international climate policy. There is substantial interest in tracking and apportioning national contributions to climate change and informing equitable commitments to decarbonisation. Here, we introduce a new dataset of national contributions to global warming caused by historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide during the years 1851-2021, which are consistent with the latest findings of the IPCC. We calculate the global mean surface temperature response to historical emissions of the three gases, including recent refinements which account for the short atmospheric lifetime of CH4. We report national contributions to global warming resulting from emissions of each gas, including a disaggregation to fossil and land use sectors. This dataset will be updated annually as national emissions datasets are updated.
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Grants
- NE/V01417X/1 RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
- 821003 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Environment (H2020 Societal Challenges - Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials)
- 820846 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Environment (H2020 Societal Challenges - Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials)
- 101003536 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Environment (H2020 Societal Challenges - Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials)
- 776810 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Environment (H2020 Societal Challenges - Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials)
- 820846 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Environment (H2020 Societal Challenges - Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials)
- 101003536 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Environment (H2020 Societal Challenges - Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials)
- 776810 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Environment (H2020 Societal Challenges - Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials)
- 821003 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Environment (H2020 Societal Challenges - Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials)
- 821003 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Environment (H2020 Societal Challenges - Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials)
- RP\R1\191063 Royal Society
- RP\R1\191063 Royal Society
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Jones
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK.
| | - Glen P Peters
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Gasser
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Robbie M Andrew
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Johannes Gütschow
- Department of Transformation Pathways, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinne Le Quéré
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
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21
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Kochendörfer IM, Kienbaum P, Großart W, Rossaint R, Snyder-Ramos S, Grüßer L. [Environmentally friendly absorption of anesthetic gases : First experiences with a commercial anesthetic gas capture system]. DIE ANAESTHESIOLOGIE 2022; 71:824-833. [PMID: 36301310 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-022-01210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anesthetic gases are potent greenhouse gases, which are currently released into the atmosphere where they remain for many years. Strategies to reduce the carbon footprint in anesthesiology without compromising patient safety are urgently needed. Since 2020 several departments of anesthesiology have installed anesthetic gas capture systems with which anesthetic gases can be collected. This article aims to describe the anesthetic gas capture system CONTRAfluran™ and to give an overview of the first experiences in four departments of anesthesiology working with the new device in the daily clinical routine. The CONTRAfluran™ system presents a new concept in the surgical setting that has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint in anesthesiology; however, in order to accurately estimate CO2 equivalent savings, more information concerning the reprocessing and data on the pharmacokinetics of anesthetic gases are needed. Application of the CONTRAfluran™ system in daily clinical routine is feasible when anesthesiologists are aware of specific issues. In order to minimize the carbon footprint, it remains essential to implement the specific recommendations in the position paper of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care medicine (DGAI) and the Professional Association of German Anaesthesiologists (BDA) on ecological sustainability in anesthesiology and intensive care medicine and to support further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kienbaum
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Großart
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, interdisziplinäre Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, KRH Klinikum Großburgwedel, Großburgwedel, Deutschland
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Stephanie Snyder-Ramos
- Abteilung für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Krankenhaus Salem, Evangelische Stadtmission Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Linda Grüßer
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland.
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22
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Sulbaek Andersen MP, Frausig M, Nielsen OJ. Atmospheric chemistry of CCl
2
FCH
2
CF
3
(HCFC‐234fb): Kinetics and mechanism of reactions with Cl atoms and OH radicals. INT J CHEM KINET 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads P. Sulbaek Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Northridge Northridge California USA
- Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Morten Frausig
- Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ole John Nielsen
- Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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23
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Rojas LMG, Huerta-Aguilar CA, Orta-Ledesma MT, Sosa-Echeverria R, Thangarasu P. Zinc oxide nanoparticles coated with benzimidazole based ionic liquid performing as an efficient CO2 capture: Experimental and Theoretical studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Tasinato N, Pietropolli Charmet A, Ceselin G, Salta Z, Stoppa P. In Vitro and In Silico Vibrational-Rotational Spectroscopic Characterization of the Next-Generation Refrigerant HFO-1123. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5328-5342. [PMID: 35930010 PMCID: PMC9393866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Very short-lived substances have recently been proposed as replacements for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), in turn being used in place of ozone-depleting substances, in refrigerant applications. In this respect, hydro-fluoro-olefins (HFOs) are attracting particular interest because, due to their reduced global warming potential, they are supposed to be environmentally friendlier. Notwithstanding this feature, they represent a new class of compounds whose spectroscopic properties and reactivity need to be characterized to allow their atmospheric monitoring and to understand their environmental fate. In the present work, the structural, vibrational, and ro-vibrational properties of trifluorothene (HFO-1123, F2C = CHF) are studied by state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations. The equilibrium molecular structure has an expected error within 2 mÅ and 0.2° for bond lengths and angles, respectively. This represents the first step toward the computation of highly accurate rotational constants for both the ground and first excited fundamental vibrational levels, which reproduce the available experimental data well within 0.1%. Centrifugal distortion parameters and vibrational-rotational coupling terms are computed as well and used to solve some conflicting experimental results. Simulation of the vibrational transition frequencies and intensities beyond the double harmonic approximation and up to three quanta of vibrational excitation provides insights into the couplings ruling the vibrational dynamics and guides the characterization of the gas-phase infrared spectrum experimentally recorded in the range of 200-5000 cm-1. The full characterization of the IR features is completed with the experimental determination of the absorption cross sections over the 400-5000 cm-1 region from which the radiative forcing and global warming potential of HFO-1123 are derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tasinato
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, SMART Laboratory, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pietropolli Charmet
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università
Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ceselin
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, SMART Laboratory, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Zoi Salta
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, SMART Laboratory, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Stoppa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università
Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre, Italy
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25
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Sulbaek Andersen MP, Ohide J, Sølling TI, Nielsen OJ. Atmospheric chemistry of CF 3CN: kinetics and products of reaction with OH radicals, Cl atoms and O 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2638-2645. [PMID: 35029615 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05288h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long path length FTIR-smog chamber techniques were used to study the title reactions in 700 Torr of N2, oxygen or air diluent at 296 ± 2 K. Values of k(Cl + CF3CN) = (2.43 ± 0.33) × 10-15 and k(OH + CF3CN) = (4.61 ± 0.34) × 10-15 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 were measured. There was no discernible reaction of CF3CN with O3 and an upper limit of k(O3 + CF3CN) ≤ 7.9 × 10-24 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was established. The IR spectra of CF3CN and CF3CF2CN are reported. The atmospheric lifetime of CF3CN is determined by the reaction with OH and is approximately 6.9 years. Reaction of CF3CN with Cl atoms in a chamber study gives (Z-) and/or (E-) CF3CClNCl and CF3C(O)Cl as major primary products. Under environmental conditions, the OH radical initiated oxidation gives COF2 in a yield of (96 ± 8)%. The global warming potential for CF3CN is estimated as 1030 for a 100 year time horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Peter Sulbaek Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA
| | - Joanna Ohide
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA
| | - Theis I Sølling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ole John Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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The Spectroscopic Characterization of Halogenated Pollutants through the Interplay between Theory and Experiment: Application to R1122. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030748. [PMID: 35164013 PMCID: PMC8839295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, halogenated ethenes have seen an increasing interest for different applications; in particular, in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumping. At the same time, their adverse effects as atmospheric pollutants require environmental monitoring, especially by remote sensing spectroscopic techniques. For this purpose, an accurate characterization of the spectroscopic fingerprint—in particular, those of relevance for rotational–vibrational spectroscopy—of the target molecules is strongly needed. This work provides an integrated computational–theoretical investigation on R1122 (2-Chloro-1,1-difluoro-ethylene, ClHC=CF2), a compound widely employed as a key intermediate in different chemical processes. State-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations relying on CCSD(T)-based composite schemes and hybrid CCSD(T)/DFT approaches are used to obtain an accurate prediction of the structural, rotational and vibrational spectroscopic properties. In addition, the equilibrium geometry is obtained by exploiting the semi-experimental method. The theoretical predictions are used to guide the analysis of the experimentally recorded gas-phase infrared spectrum, which is assigned in the 400–6500 cm−1 region. Furthermore, absorption cross sections are accurately determined over the same spectral range. Finally, by using the obtained spectroscopic data, a first estimate of the global warming potential of R1122 vibrational spectra is obtained.
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27
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Sapkota R, Marshall P. Gas-Phase Chemistry of 1,1,2,3,3,4,4-Heptafluorobut-1-ene Initiated by Chlorine Atoms. Molecules 2022; 27:647. [PMID: 35163912 PMCID: PMC8839731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of mitigating climate change by switching to materials with low global warming potentials motivates a study of the spectroscopic and kinetic properties of a fluorinated olefin. The relative rate method was used to determine the rate constant for the reaction of heptafluorobut-1-ene (CF2=CFCF2CF2H) with chlorine atoms in air. A mercury UV lamp was used to generate atomic chlorine, which initiated chemistry monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. Ethane was used as the reference compound for kinetic studies. Oxidation of heptafluorobut-1-ene initiated by a chlorine atom creates carbonyl difluoride (CF2=O) and 2,2,3,3 tetrafluoropropanoyl fluoride (O=CFCF2CF2H) as the major products. Anharmonic frequency calculations allowing for several low-energy conformations of 1,1,2,3,3,4,4 heptafluorobut-1-ene and 2,2,3,3 tetrafluoropropanoyl fluoride, based on density functional theory, are in good accord with measurements. The global warming potentials of these two molecules were calculated from the measured IR spectra and estimated atmospheric lifetimes and found to be small, less than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Sapkota
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203, USA;
| | - Paul Marshall
- Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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28
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Blázquez S, Espinosa S, Antiñolo M, Albaladejo J, Jiménez E. Kinetics of CF3CH2OCH3 (HFE-263fb2), CHF2CF2CH2OCH3 (HFE-374pcf), and CF3CF2CH2OCH3 (HFE-365mcf3) with OH radicals, IR absorption cross sections, and global warming potentials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14354-14364. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), like CF3CH2OCH3 (HFE-263fb2), CHF2CF2CH2OCH3 (HFE-374pcf), and CF3CF2CH2OCH3 (HFE-365mcf3), have been proposed in the last decades as the third-generation replacements of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) because of their...
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29
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Andersen MPS, Nielsen OJ, Sherman JD. The Global Warming Potentials for Anesthetic Gas Sevoflurane Need Significant Corrections. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10189-10191. [PMID: 34296868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Peter Sulbaek Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8262, United States
- Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Ole John Nielsen
- Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jodi D Sherman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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