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An Z, Zhou W, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Sun Y, Clemens SC, Wu L, Zhao J, Shi Z, Ma X, Yan H, Li G, Cai Y, Yu J, Sun Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Stepanek C, Lohmann G, Dong G, Cheng H, Liu Y, Jin Z, Li T, Hao Y, Lei J, Cai W. Mid-Pleistocene climate transition triggered by Antarctic Ice Sheet growth. Science 2024; 385:560-565. [PMID: 39088600 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive investigation, the nature and causes of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition remain enigmatic. In this work, we assess its linkage to asynchronous development of bipolar ice sheets by synthesizing Pleistocene mid- to high-latitude proxy records linked to hemispheric ice sheet evolution. Our results indicate substantial growth of the Antarctic Ice Sheets (AISs) at 2.0 to 1.25 million years ago, preceding the rapid expansion of Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets after ~1.25 million years ago. Proxy-model comparisons suggest that AIS and associated Southern Ocean sea ice expansion can induce northern high-latitude cooling and enhanced moisture transport to the Northern Hemisphere, thus triggering the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. The dynamic processes involved are crucial for assessing modern global warming that is already inducing asynchronous bipolar melting of ice sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Earth Science Frontier, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Earth Science Frontier, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zeke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youbin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Steven C Clemens
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Lixin Wu
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiaju Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhengguo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Gaojun Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanjun Cai
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jimin Yu
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266000, China
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu'ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Christian Stepanek
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gerrit Lohmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Guocheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hai Cheng
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhangdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Petroleum Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yifei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenju Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Barkley AE, Winckler G, Recasens C, Kaplan MR, Koffman BG, Calabozo F, Middleton JL, Anderson RF, Cai Y, Bolge L, Longman J, Goldstein SL. Patagonian dust, Agulhas Current, and Antarctic ice-rafted debris contributions to the South Atlantic Ocean over the past 150,000 years. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402120121. [PMID: 39042680 PMCID: PMC11295081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402120121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Disentangling inputs of aeolian dust, ice-rafted debris (IRD), and eroded continental detritus delivered by ocean currents to marine sediments provide important insights into Earth System processes and climate. This study uses Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios of the continent-derived (lithogenic) fraction in deep-sea core TN057-6 from the subantarctic Southern Ocean southwest of Africa over the past 150,000 y to identify source regions and quantify their relative contributions and fluxes utilizing a mixing model set in a Bayesian framework. The data are compared with proxies from parallel core Ocean Drilling Program Site 1090 and newly presented data from potential South America aeolian dust source areas (PSAs), allowing for an integrated investigation into atmospheric, oceanic, and cryospheric dynamics. PSA inputs varied on glacial/interglacial timescales, with southern South American sources dominating up to 88% of the lithogenic fraction (mainly Patagonia, which provided up to 68%) during cold periods, while southern African sources were more important during interglacials. During the warmer Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 of the last glacial period, lithogenic fluxes were twice that of colder MIS2 and MIS4 at times, and showed unique isotope ratios best explained by Antarctic-derived IRD, likely from the Weddell Sea. The IRD intrusions contributed up to 41% at times and followed Antarctic millennial warming events that raised temperatures, causing instability of icesheet margins. High IRD was synchronous with increased bioavailable iron, nutrient utilization, high biological productivity, and decreased atmospheric CO2. Overall, TN057-6 sediments record systematic Southern Hemisphere climate shifts and cryospheric changes that impacted biogeochemical cycling on both glacial/interglacial and subglacial timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Barkley
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
| | - Gisela Winckler
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Cristina Recasens
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
| | - Michael R. Kaplan
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
| | | | - Fernando Calabozo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Ciudad Universitaria, CórdobaX5016CGA, Argentina
| | - Jennifer L. Middleton
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
| | - Robert F. Anderson
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Yue Cai
- Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing210008, China
| | - Louise Bolge
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
| | - Jack Longman
- Marine Isotope Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg26129, Germany
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-TyneNE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L. Goldstein
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
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Willemse L, Tilmans J, Kotitsa N, Trichas A, Heller KG, Chobanov D, Odé B. A review of Eupholidoptera (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Crete, Gavdos, Gavdopoula, and Andikithira. Zookeys 2023; 1151:67-158. [DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1151.97514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Being nocturnal, hiding in prickly bushes and shrubs during the day, Eupholidoptera species in Crete and its neighbouring islands are easily overlooked, and until now our knowledge about their distribution was based on some thirty sightings across 11 species. In this paper results are presented of a study of Eupholidoptera specimens collected between 1987 and 2020 by hand-catches and pitfall and fermenting traps on the Greek islands of Crete, Gavdos, Gavdopoula, and Andikithira. Diagnostic features of all known species are presented and illustrated with stacked images. An updated key to all species is provided. Eupholidoptera francisae Tilmans & Odé, sp. nov. from Andikithira and southwestern Crete and Eupholidoptera marietheresae Willemse & Kotitsa, sp. nov. from Mt. Dikti are described. Female E. cretica, E. gemellata, and E. mariannae are described, and the female of E. astyla is redescribed. Bioacoustics for E. francisae Tilmans & Odé, sp. nov., E. giuliae, and E. jacquelinae are presented for the first time. Eupholidoptera smyrnensis is reported for the first time from Crete. A substantial amount of new distribution data for Eupholidoptera species on Crete is presented. The current distribution pattern and first analyses of phylogeny based on molecular data of Eupholidoptera species on Crete are discussed in relation to paleogeographical events.
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