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Du Z, Zhou L, Thakur MP, Zhou G, Fu Y, Li N, Liu R, He Y, Chen H, Li J, Zhou H, Li M, Lu M, Zhou X. Mycorrhizal associations relate to stable convergence in plant-microbial competition for nitrogen absorption under high nitrogen conditions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17338. [PMID: 38822535 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) immobilization (Nim, including microbial N assimilation) and plant N uptake (PNU) are the two most important pathways of N retention in soils. The ratio of Nim to PNU (hereafter Nim:PNU ratio) generally reflects the degree of N limitation for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the key factors driving the pattern of Nim:PNU ratio across global ecosystems remain unclear. Here, using a global data set of 1018 observations from 184 studies, we examined the relative importance of mycorrhizal associations, climate, plant, and soil properties on the Nim:PNU ratio across terrestrial ecosystems. Our results show that mycorrhizal fungi type (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi) in combination with soil inorganic N mainly explain the global variation in the Nim:PNU ratio in terrestrial ecosystems. In AM fungi-associated ecosystems, the relationship between Nim and PNU displays a weaker negative correlation (r = -.06, p < .001), whereas there is a stronger positive correlation (r = .25, p < .001) in EM fungi-associated ecosystems. Our meta-analysis thus suggests that the AM-associated plants display a weak interaction with soil microorganisms for N absorption, while EM-associated plants cooperate with soil microorganisms. Furthermore, we find that the Nim:PNU ratio for both AM- and EM-associated ecosystems gradually converge around a stable value (13.8 ± 0.5 for AM- and 12.1 ± 1.2 for EM-associated ecosystems) under high soil inorganic N conditions. Our findings highlight the dependence of plant-microbial interaction for N absorption on both plant mycorrhizal association and soil inorganic N, with the stable convergence of the Nim:PNU ratio under high soil N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Du
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant Innovation, Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Madhav P Thakur
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guiyao Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yuling Fu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiqiang Liu
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanghui He
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Lu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Krichels AH, Jenerette GD, Shulman H, Piper S, Greene AC, Andrews HM, Botthoff J, Sickman JO, Aronson EL, Homyak PM. Bacterial denitrification drives elevated N 2O emissions in arid southern California drylands. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1989. [PMID: 38055826 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Soils are the largest source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas. Dry soils rarely harbor anoxic conditions to favor denitrification, the predominant N2O-producing process, yet, among the largest N2O emissions have been measured after wetting summer-dry desert soils, raising the question: Can denitrifiers endure extreme drought and produce N2O immediately after rainfall? Using isotopic and molecular approaches in a California desert, we found that denitrifiers produced N2O within 15 minutes of wetting dry soils (site preference = 12.8 ± 3.92 per mil, δ15Nbulk = 18.6 ± 11.1 per mil). Consistent with this finding, we detected nitrate-reducing transcripts in dry soils and found that inhibiting microbial activity decreased N2O emissions by 59%. Our results suggest that despite extreme environmental conditions-months without precipitation, soil temperatures of ≥40°C, and gravimetric soil water content of <1%-bacterial denitrifiers can account for most of the N2O emitted when dry soils are wetted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Krichels
- Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- USDA Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - G Darrel Jenerette
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Shulman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Piper
- Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Houston Advanced Research Center, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Aral C Greene
- Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Holly M Andrews
- Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Geography, Development and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jon Botthoff
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - James O Sickman
- Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Emma L Aronson
- Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Peter M Homyak
- Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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3
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Krichels AH, Greene AC, Jenerette GD, Spasojevic MJ, Glassman SI, Homyak PM. Precipitation legacies amplify ecosystem nitrogen losses from nitric oxide emissions in a Pinyon-Juniper dryland. Ecology 2023; 104:e3930. [PMID: 36451599 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the variability of precipitation, altering the frequency of soil drying-wetting events and the distribution of seasonal precipitation. These changes in precipitation can alter nitrogen (N) cycling and stimulate nitric oxide (NO) emissions (an air pollutant at high concentrations), which may vary according to legacies of past precipitation and represent a pathway for ecosystem N loss. To identify whether precipitation legacies affect NO emissions, we excluded or added precipitation during the winter growing season in a Pinyon-Juniper dryland and measured in situ NO emissions following experimental wetting. We found that the legacy of both excluding and adding winter precipitation increased NO emissions early in the following summer; cumulative NO emissions from the winter precipitation exclusion plots (2750 ± 972 μg N-NO m-2 ) and winter water addition plots (2449 ± 408 μg N-NO m-2 ) were higher than control plots (1506 ± 397 μg N-NO m-2 ). The increase in NO emissions with previous precipitation exclusion was associated with inorganic N accumulation, while the increase in NO emissions with previous water addition was associated with an upward trend in microbial biomass. Precipitation legacies can accelerate soil NO emissions and may amplify ecosystem N loss in response to more variable precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Krichels
- Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.,Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Aral C Greene
- Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - G Darrel Jenerette
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.,Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sydney I Glassman
- Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Peter M Homyak
- Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.,Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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4
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Ke P, Kang R, Avery LK, Zhang J, Yu Q, Xie D, Duan L. Temporal variations of soil NO and NO 2 fluxes in two typical subtropical forests receiving contrasting rates of N deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118696. [PMID: 34953951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soils have been widely acknowledged as important natural sources of nitric oxide (NO) and meanwhile sinks of nitric dioxide (NO2). High nitrogen deposition across South China could potentially result in large NO emissions from subtropical forests soils there. In this study, the dynamic chamber method was applied to monitor NO and NO2 fluxes at two subtropical forest sites in South China, namely "Qianyanzhou" (QYZ) and "Tieshanping" (TSP). Chronically higher N deposition occurred at TSP than that at QYZ. Besides soil water filled pore spaces (WFPS) and temperature, ambient NO concentration could also possibly be important in regulating temporal NO emissions, especially in the winter. For both sites, the optimum soil temperature was above 25 °C, while the optimum WFPS for NO release at QYZ was higher (65-70%) than that at TSP (<23%). Moreover, heavy rainfall could trigger NO emission pulses from moist soils at QYZ, while rainfall-induced NO pulses were only observed after a long drying period at TSP. Distinctly different contents of mineral nitrogen and soil moisture conditions between the two sites might induce the divergent preference of WFPS and responses to rainfall. The cumulative soil emission of NO reached 0.41 ± 0.01 and 0.76 ± 0.01 kg N ha-1 yr-1 at QYZ and TSP, contributing to 2.5% and 1.4% of the annual throughfall N input, respectively. At both sites, NO2 were mainly deposited to soils, accounting for 2% and 21% of soil-emitted NO at QYZ and TSP, respectively. The observed annual NO emissions at these two sites were larger than the median values observed for tropical and temperate forests and unfertilized croplands. Higher N deposition could induce larger NO emission potential, while soil temperature and pH might also be important in regulating regional soil NO emissions as N-loss from subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ronghua Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Loreena K Avery
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Danni Xie
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Shanxi, 710064, China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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5
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Yan Q, Yang H, Yan L, Zhang K, Li J, Wang F. Quantifying soil N 2O emissions from soil and anaerobically digested swine manure, nitrification and denitrification using 15N isotope labeling method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:32015-32025. [PMID: 33624240 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of anaerobically digested swine manure in the farmland makes it necessary to understand its impact on N2O emissions, regarding the source of N2O and the corresponding mechanism of action. We used a 15N-labeled sulfate modifying the soil in order to identify the sources of N2O and the pathways of nitrification and denitrification. Three soil moisture contents (50% WHC, 75% WHC, and 100% WHC) along with three levels of anaerobically digested swine manure (0 g·kg-1, 10 g·kg-1, and 25 g·kg-1) were tested using randomized block design. Although the combined effect of contents of anaerobically digested swine manure and the soil moisture contents added to the system stimulated the utilization of soil N and promoted denitrification, the process of nitrification dominated. In anaerobically digested swine manure-treated soils, the rate of contribution of anaerobically digested swine manure to N2O accounted for 68.6-99.8%. In the 25 g·kg-1 treatment, the maximum of N2O produced by denitrification and nitrification were 14.1% and 93.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Houhua Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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6
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Comparison of Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes during the Spring Freeze–Thaw Period and the Growing Season in a Temperate Broadleaved Korean Pine Forest, Changbai Mountains, China. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soils in mid-high latitudes are under the great impact of freeze–thaw cycling. However, insufficient research on soil CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes during the spring freeze–thaw (SFT) period has led to great uncertainties in estimating soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. The present study was conducted in a temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Northeastern China, where soils experience an apparent freeze–thaw effect in spring. The temporal variations and impact factors of soil GHG fluxes were measured during the SFT period and growing season (GS) using the static-chamber method. The results show that the soil acted as a source of atmospheric CO2 and N2O and a sink of atmospheric CH4 during the whole observation period. Soil CO2 emission and CH4 uptake were lower during the SFT period than those during the GS, whereas N2O emissions were more than six times higher during the SFT period than that during the GS. The responses of soil GHG fluxes to soil temperature (Ts) and soil moisture during the SFT and GS periods differed. During the SFT period, soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes were mainly affected by the volumetric water content (VWC) and Ts, respectively, whereas soil N2O flux was influenced jointly by Ts and VWC. The dominant controlling factor for CO2 was Ts during the GS, whereas CH4 and N2O were mainly regulated by VWC. Soil CO2 and N2O fluxes accounted for 97.3% and 3.1% of the total 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) respectively, with CH4 flux offsetting 0.4% of the total GWP100. The results highlight the importance of environmental variations to soil N2O pulse during the SFT period and the difference of soil GHG fluxes between the SFT and GS periods, which contribute to predicting the forest soil GHG fluxes and their global warming potential under global climate change.
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7
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The Nitrification Inhibitor Vizura® Reduces N2O Emissions When Added to Digestate before Injection under Irrigated Maize in the Po Valley (Northern Italy). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9080431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The agricultural area in the Po Valley is prone to high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions as it is characterized by irrigated maize-based cropping systems, high amounts of nitrogen supplied, and elevated air temperature in summer. Here, two monitoring campaigns were carried out in maize fertilized with raw digestate in a randomized block design in 2016 and 2017 to test the effectiveness of the 3, 4 DMPP inhibitor Vizura® on reducing N2O-N emissions. Digestate was injected into 0.15 m soil depth at side-dressing (2016) and before sowing (2017). Non-steady state chambers were used to collect N2O-N air samples under zero N fertilization (N0), digestate (D), and digestate + Vizura® (V). Overall, emissions were significantly higher in the D treatment than in the V treatment in both 2016 and 2017. The emission factor (EF, %) of V was two and four times lower than the EF in D in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Peaks of NO3-N generally resulted in N2O-N emissions peaks, especially during rainfall or irrigation events. The water-filled pore space (WFPS, %) did not differ between treatments and was generally below 60%, suggesting that N2O-N emissions were mainly due to nitrification rather than denitrification.
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8
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Hall SJ, Huber DP, Hughes RF. Invasion of Hawaiian rainforests by an introduced amphibian predator and N2-fixing tree increases soil N2O emissions. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J. Hall
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287-4501 USA
| | - David P. Huber
- Northwest Watershed Research Center; USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Boise Idaho 83712 USA
| | - R. Flint Hughes
- Institute for Pacific Islands Forestry; Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service; Hilo Hawaii 96720 USA
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9
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Homyak PM, Blankinship JC, Slessarev EW, Schaeffer SM, Manzoni S, Schimel JP. Effects of altered dry season length and plant inputs on soluble soil carbon. Ecology 2018; 99:2348-2362. [PMID: 30047578 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil moisture controls microbial activity and soil carbon cycling. Because microbial activity decreases as soils dry, decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is thought to decrease with increasing drought length. Yet, microbial biomass and a pool of water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) can increase as soils dry, perhaps implying microbes may continue to break down SOM even if drought stressed. Here, we test the hypothesis that WEOC increases as soils dry because exoenzymes continue to break down litter, while their products accumulate because they cannot diffuse to microbes. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated field plots by cutting off litter inputs and by irrigating and excluding precipitation inputs to extend or shorten the length of the dry season. We expected that the longer the soils would remain dry, the more WEOC would accumulate in the presence of litter, whereas shortening the length of the dry season, or cutting off litter inputs, would reduce WEOC accumulation. Lastly, we incubated grass roots in the laboratory and measured the concentration of reducing sugars and potential hydrolytic enzyme activities, strictly to understand the mechanisms whereby exoenzymes break down litter over the dry season. As expected, extending dry season length increased WEOC concentrations by 30% above the 108 μg C/g measured in untreated plots, whereas keeping soils moist prevented WEOC from accumulating. Contrary to our hypothesis, excluding plant litter inputs actually increased WEOC concentrations by 40% above the 105 μg C/g measured in plots with plants. Reducing sugars did not accumulate in dry senesced roots in our laboratory incubation. Potential rates of reducing sugar production by hydrolytic enzymes ranged from 0.7 to 10 μmol·g-1 ·h-1 and far exceeded the rates of reducing sugar accumulation (~0.001 μmol·g-1 ·h-1 ). Our observations do not support the hypothesis that exoenzymes continue to break down litter to produce WEOC in dry soils. Instead, we develop the argument that physical processes are more likely to govern short-term WEOC dynamics via slaking of microaggregates that stabilize SOM and through WEOC redistribution when soils wet up, as well as through less understood effects of drought on the soil mineral matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Homyak
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
| | - Joseph C Blankinship
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0038, USA
| | - Eric W Slessarev
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Sean M Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joshua P Schimel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
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10
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Martínez-Yrízar A, Álvarez-Sánchez J, Maass M. Análisis y perspectivas del estudio de los ecosistemas terrestres de México: dinámica hidrológica y flujos de nitrógeno y fósforo. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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11
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Homyak PM, Kamiyama M, Sickman JO, Schimel JP. Acidity and organic matter promote abiotic nitric oxide production in drying soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1735-1747. [PMID: 27643755 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soils are an important source of NO, particularly in dry lands because of trade-offs that develop between biotic and abiotic NO-producing processes when soils dry out. Understanding how drier climates may offset the balance of these trade-offs as soils transition toward more arid states is, therefore, critical to estimating global NO budgets, especially because drylands are expected to increase in size. We measured NO emission pulses after wetting soils from similar lithologies along an altitudinal gradient in the Sierra Nevada, CA, where mean annual precipitation varied from 670 to 1500 mm. Along the gradient, we measured field NO emissions, and used chloroform in the laboratory to reduce microbial activity and partition between biotic and abiotic NO-producing processes (i.e., chemodenitrification). Field NO emission pulses were lowest in the acidic and SOM-rich soils (4-72 ng NO-N m-2 s-1 ), but were highest in the high-elevation barren site (~560 ng NO-N m-2 s-1 ). In the laboratory, NO emission pulses were up to 19× greater in chloroform-treated soils than in the controls, and these abiotic pulses increased with elevation as pH decreased (6.2-4.4) and soil organic matter (SOM) increased (18-157 mg C g-1 ). Drought can shift the balance between the biotic and abiotic processes that produce NO, favoring chemodenitrification during periods when biological processes become stressed. Acidic and SOM-rich soils, which typically develop under mesic conditions, are most vulnerable to N loss via NO as interactions between pH, SOM, and drought stimulate chemodenitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Homyak
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Matthew Kamiyama
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - James O Sickman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Joshua P Schimel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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12
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Albanito F, Lebender U, Cornulier T, Sapkota TB, Brentrup F, Stirling C, Hillier J. Direct Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Tropical And Sub-Tropical Agricultural Systems - A Review And Modelling Of Emission Factors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44235. [PMID: 28281637 PMCID: PMC5345046 DOI: 10.1038/srep44235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been much debate about the uncertainties associated with the estimation of direct and indirect agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in developing countries and in particular from tropical regions. In this study, we report an up-to-date review of the information published in peer-review journals on direct N2O emissions from agricultural systems in tropical and sub-tropical regions. We statistically analyze net-N2O-N emissions to estimate tropic-specific annual N2O emission factors (N2O-EFs) using a Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) which allowed the effects of multiple covariates to be modelled as linear or smooth non-linear continuous functions. Overall the mean N2O-EF was 1.2% for the tropics and sub-tropics, thus within the uncertainty range of IPCC-EF. On a regional basis, mean N2O-EFs were 1.4% for Africa, 1.1%, for Asia, 0.9% for Australia and 1.3% for Central & South America. Our annual N2O-EFs, estimated for a range of fertiliser rates using the available data, do not support recent studies hypothesising non-linear increase N2O-EFs as a function of applied N. Our findings highlight that in reporting annual N2O emissions and estimating N2O-EFs, particular attention should be paid in modelling the effect of study length on response of N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Albanito
- Institute of Biological &Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Ulrike Lebender
- Research Centre Hanninghof, Yara International ASA, Hanninghof 35, 48249, Duelmen, Germany
| | - Thomas Cornulier
- Institute of Biological &Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Tek B Sapkota
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Sustainable Intensification Program, NASC complex, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Frank Brentrup
- Research Centre Hanninghof, Yara International ASA, Hanninghof 35, 48249, Duelmen, Germany
| | - Clare Stirling
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Sustainable Intensification Program, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jon Hillier
- Institute of Biological &Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
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13
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Ribeiro K, Sousa-Neto ERD, Carvalho JAD, Sousa Lima JRD, Menezes RSC, Duarte-Neto PJ, da Silva Guerra G, Ometto JPHB. Land cover changes and greenhouse gas emissions in two different soil covers in the Brazilian Caatinga. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:1048-1057. [PMID: 27453133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Caatinga biome covers an area of 844,453km(2) and has enormous endemic biodiversity, with unique characteristics that make it an exclusive Brazilian biome. It falls within the earth's tropical zone and is one of the several important ecoregions of Brazil. This biome undergoes natural lengthy periods of drought that cause losses in crop and livestock productivity, having a severe impact on the population. Due to the vulnerability of this ecosystem to climate change, livestock has emerged as the main livelihood of the rural population, being the precursor of the replacement of native vegetation by grazing areas. This study aimed to measure GHG emissions from two different soil covers: native forest (Caatinga) and pasture in the municipality of São João, Pernambuco State, in the years 2013 and 2014. GHG measurements were taken by using static chamber techniques in both soil covers. According to a previous search, so far, this is the first study measuring GHG emissions using the static chamber in the Caatinga biome. N2O emissions ranged from -1.0 to 4.2mgm(-2)d(-1) and -1.22 to 3.4mgm(-2)d(-1) in the pasture and Caatinga, respectively, and they did not significantly differ from each other. Emissions were significantly higher during dry seasons. Carbon dioxide ranged from -1.1 to 14.1 and 1.2 to 15.8gm(-2)d(-1) in the pasture and Caatinga, respectively. CO2 emissions were higher in the Caatinga in 2013, and they were significantly influenced by soil temperature, showing an inverse relation. Methane emission ranged from 6.6 to 6.8 and -6.0 to 4.8mgm(-2)d(-1) in the pasture and Caatinga, respectively, and was significantly higher only in the Caatinga in the rainy season of 2014. Soil gas fluxes seemed to be influenced by climatic and edaphic conditions as well as by soil cover in the Caatinga biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - CCST, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP, Campus Guaratinguetá- SP, Brazil
| | - Eráclito Rodrigues de Sousa-Neto
- Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - CCST, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Andrade de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP, Campus Guaratinguetá- SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo José Duarte-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biometria e Estatística Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco-UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Glauce da Silva Guerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biometria e Estatística Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco-UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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14
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Homyak PM, Blankinship JC, Marchus K, Lucero DM, Sickman JO, Schimel JP. Aridity and plant uptake interact to make dryland soils hotspots for nitric oxide (NO) emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2608-16. [PMID: 27114523 PMCID: PMC4868446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520496113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important trace gas and regulator of atmospheric photochemistry. Theory suggests moist soils optimize NO emissions, whereas wet or dry soils constrain them. In drylands, however, NO emissions can be greatest in dry soils and when dry soils are rewet. To understand how aridity and vegetation interact to generate this pattern, we measured NO fluxes in a California grassland, where we manipulated vegetation cover and the length of the dry season and measured [δ(15)-N]NO and [δ(18)-O]NO following rewetting with (15)N-labeled substrates. Plant N uptake reduced NO emissions by limiting N availability. In the absence of plants, soil N pools increased and NO emissions more than doubled. In dry soils, NO-producing substrates concentrated in hydrologically disconnected microsites. Upon rewetting, these concentrated N pools underwent rapid abiotic reaction, producing large NO pulses. Biological processes did not substantially contribute to the initial NO pulse but governed NO emissions within 24 h postwetting. Plants acted as an N sink, limiting NO emissions under optimal soil moisture. When soils were dry, however, the shutdown in plant N uptake, along with the activation of chemical mechanisms and the resuscitation of soil microbial processes upon rewetting, governed N loss. Aridity and vegetation interact to maintain a leaky N cycle during periods when plant N uptake is low, and hydrologically disconnected soils favor both microbial and abiotic NO-producing mechanisms. Under increasing rates of atmospheric N deposition and intensifying droughts, NO gas evasion may become an increasingly important pathway for ecosystem N loss in drylands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Homyak
- Earth Research Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106;
| | - Joseph C Blankinship
- Earth Research Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Kenneth Marchus
- Earth Research Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Delores M Lucero
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - James O Sickman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Joshua P Schimel
- Earth Research Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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15
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Oikawa PY, Ge C, Wang J, Eberwein JR, Liang LL, Allsman LA, Grantz DA, Jenerette GD. Unusually high soil nitrogen oxide emissions influence air quality in a high-temperature agricultural region. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8753. [PMID: 26556236 PMCID: PMC4659929 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilized soils have large potential for production of soil nitrogen oxide (NOx=NO+NO2), however these emissions are difficult to predict in high-temperature environments. Understanding these emissions may improve air quality modelling as NOx contributes to formation of tropospheric ozone (O3), a powerful air pollutant. Here we identify the environmental and management factors that regulate soil NOx emissions in a high-temperature agricultural region of California. We also investigate whether soil NOx emissions are capable of influencing regional air quality. We report some of the highest soil NOx emissions ever observed. Emissions vary nonlinearly with fertilization, temperature and soil moisture. We find that a regional air chemistry model often underestimates soil NOx emissions and NOx at the surface and in the troposphere. Adjusting the model to match NOx observations leads to elevated tropospheric O3. Our results suggest management can greatly reduce soil NOx emissions, thereby improving air quality. Soil NOx emissions can significantly impact air quality in agricultural regions, particularly high temperature fertilized systems. Here, the authors investigate NOx emissions in one such system in California and suggest that the NOx emissions are the highest ever observed, with implications for air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Oikawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ge
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - J R Eberwein
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - L L Liang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - L A Allsman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - D A Grantz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - G D Jenerette
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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16
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17
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Fluxes of Nitrous Oxide and Other Nitrogen Trace Gases from Intensively Managed Landscapes: A Global Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2134/asaspecpub55.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Wang B, Lee X, Theng BKG, Cheng J, Yang F. Diurnal and spatial variations of soil NOx fluxes in the northern steppe of China. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 32:54-61. [PMID: 26040731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
NOx emissions from biogenic sources in soils play a significant role in the gaseous loss of soil nitrogen and consequent changes in tropospheric chemistry. In order to investigate the characteristics of NOx fluxes and factors influencing these fluxes in degraded sandy grasslands in northern China, diurnal and spatial variations of NOx fluxes were measured in situ. A dynamic flux chamber method was used at eight sites with various vegetation coverages and soil types in the northern steppe of China in the summer season of 2010. Fluxes of NOx from soils with plant covers were generally higher than those in the corresponding bare vegetation-free soils, indicating that the canopy plays an important role in the exchange of NOx between soil and air. The fluxes of NOx increased in the daytime, and decreased during the nighttime, with peak emissions occurring between 12:00 and 14:00. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the diurnal variation of NOx fluxes was positively correlated with soil temperature (P<0.05) and negatively with soil moisture content (P<0.05). Based on measurement over a season, the overall variation in NOx flux was lower than that of soil nitrogen contents, suggesting that the gaseous loss of N from the grasslands of northern China was not a significant contributor to the high C/N in the northern steppe of China. The concentration of NOx emitted from soils in the region did not exceed the 1-hr National Ambient Air Quality Standard (0.25 mg/m3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Xinqing Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Benny K G Theng
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jianzhong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:19655-60. [PMID: 21081702 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911966107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The upcoming global mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries should include and prioritize tropical peatlands. Forested tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia are rapidly being converted into production systems by introducing perennial crops for lucrative agribusiness, such as oil-palm and pulpwood plantations, causing large greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guidelines for GHG Inventory on Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Uses provide an adequate framework for emissions inventories in these ecosystems; however, specific emission factors are needed for more accurate and cost-effective monitoring. The emissions are governed by complex biophysical processes, such as peat decomposition and compaction, nutrient availability, soil water content, and water table level, all of which are affected by management practices. We estimate that total carbon loss from converting peat swamp forests into oil palm is 59.4 ± 10.2 Mg of CO(2) per hectare per year during the first 25 y after land-use cover change, of which 61.6% arise from the peat. Of the total amount (1,486 ± 183 Mg of CO(2) per hectare over 25 y), 25% are released immediately from land-clearing fire. In order to maintain high palm-oil production, nitrogen inputs through fertilizer are needed and the magnitude of the resulting increased N(2)O emissions compared to CO(2) losses remains unclear.
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20
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Yu J, Meixner FX, Sun W, Mamtimin B, Xia C, Xie W. Biogenic nitric oxide emission of mountain soils sampled from different vertical landscape zones in the Changbai Mountains, northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:4122-4128. [PMID: 20450189 DOI: 10.1021/es100380m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important component in nitrogen biogeochemical cycling produced through biological processes of nitrification and denitrification in soils, but the production and the consumption processes of NO in temperate mountain soil are less understood. Through laboratory experiments focusing on NO biogenic emissions from six kinds of mountain soils sampled from different vertical landscape zones, that is, coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest (CBF), fir forest (FF), spruce forest (SF), Erman's birch forest (EBF), alpine tundra (AT), and volcanic ash (VA), in the Changbai Mountains, northeastern China, we found that the optimum water-filled pore space (WFPS) for NO production varies between 22.5% and 35% for a range of mountain soils. The optimum soil moisture for the maximum NO emission for a certain soil type, however, was constant and independent of soil temperature. The NO emission potential for forest soils was about 7-50-fold higher than tundra soil and volcanic ash, indicating that it is strongly influenced by nutrient contents in soils. On the basis of laboratory results and field monitoring data, the average NO fluxes from these mountain soils were estimated to be 0.14-29.56 ng N m(-2) s(-1) for an entire plant growth period. NO emissions mainly occur in wet season for CBF and FF, but in dry season for other soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Yu
- Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Ecology, Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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21
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McCalley CK, Sparks JP. Abiotic gas formation drives nitrogen loss from a desert ecosystem. Science 2009; 326:837-40. [PMID: 19892980 DOI: 10.1126/science.1178984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In arid environments such as deserts, nitrogen is often the most limiting nutrient for biological activity. The majority of the ecosystem nitrogen flux is typically thought to be driven by production and loss of reactive nitrogen species by microorganisms in the soil. We found that high soil-surface temperatures (greater than 50 degrees C), driven by solar radiation, are the primary cause of nitrogen loss in Mojave Desert soils. This abiotic pathway not only enables the balancing of arid ecosystem nitrogen budgets, but also changes our view of global nitrogen cycling and the predicted impact of climate change and increased temperatures on nitrogen bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmody K McCalley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall Room E149, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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22
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Gu C, Maggi F, Riley WJ, Hornberger GM, Xu T, Oldenburg CM, Spycher N, Miller NL, Venterea RT, Steefel C. Aqueous and gaseous nitrogen losses induced by fertilizer application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Controls over nitric oxide and ammonia emissions from Mojave Desert soils. Oecologia 2008; 156:871-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Hall SJ, Huber D, Grimm NB. Soil N2O and NO emissions from an arid, urban ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jg000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J. Hall
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - David Huber
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Nancy B. Grimm
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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25
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Li D, Wang X, Mo J, Sheng G, Fu J. Soil nitric oxide emissions from two subtropical humid forests in south China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Holtgrieve GW, Jewett PK, Matson PA. Variations in soil N cycling and trace gas emissions in wet tropical forests. Oecologia 2005; 146:584-94. [PMID: 16205956 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We used a previously described precipitation gradient in a tropical montane ecosystem of Hawai'i to evaluate how changes in mean annual precipitation (MAP) affect the processes resulting in the loss of N via trace gases. We evaluated three Hawaiian forests ranging from 2200 to 4050 mm year-1 MAP with constant temperature, parent material, ecosystem age, and vegetation. In situ fluxes of N2O and NO, soil inorganic nitrogen pools (NH4+ and NO3-), net nitrification, and net mineralization were quantified four times over 2 years. In addition, we performed 15N-labeling experiments to partition sources of N2O between nitrification and denitrification, along with assays of nitrification potential and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA). Mean NO and N2O emissions were highest at the mesic end of the gradient (8.7+/-4.6 and 1.1+/-0.3 ng N cm-2 h-1, respectively) and total oxidized N emitted decreased with increased MAP. At the wettest site, mean trace gas fluxes were at or below detection limit (<or=0.2 ng N cm-2 h-1). Isotopic labeling showed that with increasing MAP, the source of N2O changed from predominately nitrification to predominately denitrification. There was an increase in extractible NH4+ and decline in NO3- , while mean net mineralization and nitrification did not change from the mesic to intermediate sites but decreased dramatically at the wettest site. Nitrification potential and DEA were highest at the mesic site and lowest at the wet site. MAP exerts strong control N cycling processes and the magnitude and source of N trace gas flux from soil through soil redox conditions and the supply of electron donors and acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Holtgrieve
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Braun Hall, Building 320, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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27
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Stark JM, Smart DR, Hart SC, Haubensak KA. REGULATION OF NITRIC OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM FOREST AND RANGELAND SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. Ecology 2002. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2278:ronoef]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Pérez T, Trumbore SE, Tyler SC, Matson PA, Ortiz-Monasterio I, Rahn T, Griffith DWT. Identifying the agricultural imprint on the global N2O budget using stable isotopes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Venterea RT, Rolston DE. Nitric and nitrous oxide emissions following fertilizer application to agricultural soil: Biotic and abiotic mechanisms and kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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DAVIDSON ERICA, KELLER MICHAEL, ERICKSON HEATHERE, VERCHOT LOUISV, VELDKAMP EDZO. Testing a Conceptual Model of Soil Emissions of Nitrous and Nitric Oxides. Bioscience 2000. [DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0667:tacmos]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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31
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32
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Li Y, Aneja VP, Arya SP, Rickman J, Brittig J, Roelle P, Kim DS. Nitric oxide emission from intensively managed agricultural soil in North Carolina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Otter LB, Yang WX, Scholes MC, Meixner FX. Nitric oxide emissions from a southern African savanna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Roelle P, Aneja VP, O'Connor J, Robarge W, Kim DS, Levine JS. Measurement of nitrogen oxide emissions from an agricultural soil with a dynamic chamber system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Weitz AM, Veldkamp E, Keller M, Neff J, Crill PM. Nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and methane fluxes from soils following clearing and burning of tropical secondary forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Hall SJ, Matson PA, Roth PM. NOxEMISSIONS FROM SOIL: Implications for Air Quality Modeling in Agricultural Regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.energy.21.1.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J. Hall
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Division of Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Pamela A. Matson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Division of Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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37
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Matson PA, Billow C, Hall S, Zachariassen J. Fertilization practices and soil variations control nitrogen oxide emissions from tropical sugar cane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Potter CS, Matson PA, Vitousek PM, Davidson EA. Process modeling of controls on nitrogen trace gas emissions from soils worldwide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Le Roux X, Abbadie L, Lensi R, Serça D. Emission of nitrogen monoxide from African tropical ecosystems: Control of emission by soil characteristics in humid and dry savannas of West Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Harrison RM, Yamulki S, Goulding KWT, Webster CP. Effect of fertilizer application on NO and N2O fluxes from agricultural fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Neff JC, Keller M, Holland EA, Weitz AW, Veldkamp E. Fluxes of nitric oxide from soils following the clearing and burning of a secondary tropical rain forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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43
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West NE, Stark JM, Johnson DW, Abrams MM, Wight JR, Heggem D, Peck S. Effects of climatic change on the edaphic features of arid and semiarid lands of western North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/15324989409381408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Jambert C, Delmas RA, Labroue L, Chassin P. Nitrogen compound emissions from fertilized soils in a maize field pine tree forest agrosystem in the southwest of France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Williams E, Davidson E. An intercomparison of two chamber methods for the determination of emission of nitric oxide from soil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Valente RJ, Thornton FC. Emissions of NO from soil at a rural site in central Tennessee. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cárdenas L, Rondón A, Johansson C, Sanhueza E. Effects of soil moisture, temperature, and inorganic nitrogen on nitric oxide emissions from acidic tropical savannah soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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García-Méndez G, Maass JM, Matson PA, Vitousek PM. Nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide flux in a tropical deciduous forest in México. Oecologia 1991; 88:362-366. [PMID: 28313797 DOI: 10.1007/bf00317579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/1991] [Accepted: 07/03/1991] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emissions of nitrous oxide and soil nitrogen pools and transformations were measured over an annual cycle in two forests and one pasture in tropical deciduous forest near Chamela, México. Nitrous oxide flux was moderately high (0.5-2.5 ng cm-2 h-1) during the wet season and low (<0.3 ng cm-2 h-1) during the dry season. Annual emissions of nitrogen as nitrous oxide were calculated to be 0.5-0.7 kg ha-1 y-1, with no substantial difference between the forests and pasture. Wetting of dry soil caused a large but short-lived pulse of N2O flux that accounted for <2% of annual flux. Variation in soil water through the season was the primary controlling factor for pool sizes of ammonium and nitrate, nitrogen transformations, and N2O flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina García-Méndez
- Centro de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - J Manuel Maass
- Centro de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - Pamela A Matson
- Earth Systems Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, 94305, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Peter M Vitousek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
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