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Minganti D, Chabrillat S, Errera Q, Prignon M, Kinnison DE, Garcia RR, Abalos M, Alsing J, Schneider M, Smale D, Jones N, Mahieu E. Evaluation of the N 2O Rate of Change to Understand the Stratospheric Brewer-Dobson Circulation in a Chemistry-Climate Model. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2021JD036390. [PMID: 36589523 PMCID: PMC9788151 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd036390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Brewer-Dobson Circulation (BDC) determines the distribution of long-lived tracers in the stratosphere; therefore, their changes can be used to diagnose changes in the BDC. We evaluate decadal (2005-2018) trends of nitrous oxide (N2O) in two versions of the Whole Atmosphere Chemistry-Climate Model (WACCM) by comparing them with measurements from four Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) ground-based instruments, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), and with a chemistry-transport model (CTM) driven by four different reanalyses. The limited sensitivity of the FTIR instruments can hide negative N2O trends in the mid-stratosphere because of the large increase in the lowermost stratosphere. When applying ACE-FTS measurement sampling on model datasets, the reanalyses from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) compare best with ACE-FTS, but the N2O trends are consistently exaggerated. The N2O trends obtained with WACCM disagree with those obtained from ACE-FTS, but the new WACCM version performs better than the previous above the Southern Hemisphere in the stratosphere. Model sensitivity tests show that the decadal N2O trends reflect changes in the stratospheric transport. We further investigate the N2O Transformed Eulerian Mean (TEM) budget in WACCM and in the CTM simulation driven by the latest ECMWF reanalysis. The TEM analysis shows that enhanced advection affects the stratospheric N2O trends in the Tropics. While no ideal observational dataset currently exists, this model study of N2O trends still provides new insights about the BDC and its changes because of the contribution from relevant sensitivity tests and the TEM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Minganti
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBIRA‐IASBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Simon Chabrillat
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBIRA‐IASBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Quentin Errera
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBIRA‐IASBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Maxime Prignon
- Institute of Astrophysics and GeophysicsUR SPHERESUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
- Now at: Department of Earth, Space and EnvironmentChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | | | | | | | - Justin Alsing
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Imperial Centre for Inference and CosmologyDepartment of PhysicsImperial College LondonBlackett LaboratoryLondonUK
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK‐ASF)Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Dan Smale
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchLauderNew Zealand
| | - Nicholas Jones
- School of ChemistryUniversity of WollongongWollongongAustralia
| | - Emmanuel Mahieu
- Institute of Astrophysics and GeophysicsUR SPHERESUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
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Coupled Stratospheric Chemistry–Meteorology Data Assimilation. Part I: Physical Background and Coupled Modeling Aspects. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A coupled stratospheric chemistry–meteorology model was developed by combining the Canadian operational weather prediction model Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) with a comprehensive stratospheric photochemistry model from the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical ObsErvations (BASCOE). The coupled model was called GEM-BACH for GEM-Belgian Atmospheric CHemistry. The coupling was made across a chemical interface that preserves time-splitting while being modular, allowing GEM to run with or without chemistry. An evaluation of the coupling was performed by comparing the coupled model, refreshed by meteorological analyses every 6 h, against the standard offline chemical transport model (CTM) approach. Results show that the dynamical meteorological consistency between meteorological analysis times far outweighs the error created by the jump resulting from the meteorological analysis increments at regular time intervals, irrespective of whether a 3D-Var or 4D-Var meteorological analysis is used. Arguments in favor of using the same horizontal resolution for chemistry, meteorology, and meteorological and chemical analysis increments are also presented. GEM-BACH forecasts refreshed by meteorological analyses every 6 h were compared against independent measurements of temperature, long-lived species, ozone and water vapor. The comparison showed a relatively good agreement throughout the stratosphere except for an upper-level warm temperature bias and an ozone deficit of nearly 15%. In particular, the coupled model simulation during an ozone hole event gives better ozone concentrations than a 4D-Var chemical assimilation at a lower resolution.
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Linz M, Plumb RA, Gerber EP, Haenel FJ, Stiller G, Kinnison DE, Ming A, Neu JL. The strength of the meridional overturning circulation of the stratosphere. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2017; 10:663-667. [PMID: 28966661 PMCID: PMC5619637 DOI: 10.1038/ngeo3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of gases such as ozone and water vapour in the stratosphere - which affect surface climate - is influenced by the meridional overturning of mass in the stratosphere, the Brewer-Dobson circulation. However, observation-based estimates of its global strength are difficult to obtain. Here we present two calculations of the mean strength of the meridional overturning of the stratosphere. We analyze satellite data that document the global diabatic circulation between 2007- 2011, and compare these to three re-analysis data sets and to simulations with a state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model. Using measurements of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrous oxide, we calculate the global mean diabatic overturning mass flux throughout the stratosphere. In the lower stratosphere, these two estimates agree, and at a potential temperature level of 460 K (about 20 km or 60 hPa in tropics), the global circulation strength is 6.3-7.6 × 109 kg/s. Higher in the atmosphere, only the SF6-based estimate is available, and it diverges from the re-analysis data and simulations. Interpretation of the SF6 data-based estimate is limited because of a mesospheric sink of SF6; however, the reanalyses also differ substantially from each other. We conclude that the uncertainty in the mean meridional overturning circulation strength at upper levels of the stratosphere amounts to at least 100 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Linz
- Correspondence and material requests should be addressed to Marianna Linz,
| | - R. Alan Plumb
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edwin P. Gerber
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian J. Haenel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Douglas E. Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alison Ming
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica L. Neu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Nightingale RW, Roche AE, Kumer JB, Mergenthaler JL, Gille JC, Massie ST, Bailey PL, Edwards DP, Gunson MR, Toon GC, Sen B, Blavier JF, Connell PS. Global CF2Cl2measurements by UARS cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer: Validation by correlative data and a model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Daniel JS, Solomon S, Albritton DL. On the evaluation of halocarbon radiative forcing and global warming potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Strahan SE, Douglass AR, Stolarski RS, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dhomse S, Frith SM, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Olivié D, Pawson S, Pitari G, Plummer DA, Pyle JA, Scinocca JF, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Tian W, Yamashita Y. Using transport diagnostics to understand chemistry climate model ozone simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Prather MJ, Zhu X, Tang Q, Hsu J, Neu JL. An atmospheric chemist in search of the tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Atmospheric Transport Schemes: Desirable Properties and a Semi-Lagrangian View on Finite-Volume Discretizations. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES FOR GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODELS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-11640-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Selkirk HB, Vömel H, Valverde Canossa JM, Pfister L, Diaz JA, Fernández W, Amador J, Stolz W, Peng GS. Detailed structure of the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere as revealed by balloon sonde observations of water vapor, ozone, temperature, and winds during the NASA TCSP and TC4 campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Khosrawi F, Müller R, Proffitt MH, Urban J, Murtagh D, Ruhnke R, Grooß JU, Nakajima H. Seasonal cycle of averages of nitrous oxide and ozone in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere polar, midlatitude, and tropical regions derived from ILAS/ILAS-II and Odin/SMR observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Pirre M, Pisso I, Marécal V, Catoire V, Mébarki Y, Robert C. Intrusion of recent air in midlatitude stratosphere revealed by in situ tracer measurements and trajectory calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Bönisch H, Hoor P, Gurk C, Feng W, Chipperfield M, Engel A, Bregman B. Model evaluation of CO2and SF6in the extratropical UT/LS region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Mar KA, McCarthy MC, Connell P, Boering KA. Modeling the photochemical origins of the extreme deuterium enrichment in stratospheric H2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Hegglin MI, Shepherd TG. O3-N2O correlations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment: Revisiting a diagnostic of transport and chemistry in the stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Spackman JR, Weinstock EM, Anderson JG, Hurst DF, Jost HJ, Schauffler SM. Aircraft observations of rapid meridional transport from the tropical tropopause layer into the lowermost stratosphere: Implications for midlatitude ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Lemmen C, Müller R, Konopka P, Dameris M. Critique of the tracer-tracer correlation technique and its potential to analyze polar ozone loss in chemistry-climate models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Khosrawi F, Müller R, Proffitt MH, Nakajima H. Monthly averages of nitrous oxide and ozone for the Northern and Southern Hemisphere high latitudes: A “1-year climatology” derived from ILAS/ILAS-II observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Irie H, Sugita T, Nakajima H, Yokota T, Oelhaf H, Wetzel G, Toon GC, Sen B, Santee ML, Terao Y, Saitoh N, Ejiri MK, Tanaka T, Kondo Y, Kanzawa H, Kobayashi H, Sasano Y. Validation of stratospheric nitric acid profiles observed by Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)–II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Huret N, Pirre M, Hauchecorne A, Robert C, Catoire V. On the vertical structure of the stratosphere at midlatitudes during the first stage of the polar vortex formation and in the polar region in the presence of a large mesospheric descent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Urban J. Odin/SMR limb observations of stratospheric trace gases: Validation of N2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Marcy TP, Fahey DW, Gao RS, Popp PJ, Richard EC, Thompson TL, Rosenlof KH, Ray EA, Salawitch RJ, Atherton CS, Bergmann DJ, Ridley BA, Weinheimer AJ, Loewenstein M, Weinstock EM, Mahoney MJ. Quantifying Stratospheric Ozone in the Upper Troposphere with in Situ Measurements of HCl. Science 2004; 304:261-5. [PMID: 15073371 DOI: 10.1126/science.1093418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique for precise in situ measurements of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from a high-altitude aircraft. In measurements at subtropical latitudes, minimum HCl values found in the upper troposphere (UT) were often near or below the detection limit of the measurements (0.005 parts per billion by volume), indicating that background HCl values are much lower than a global mean estimate. However, significant abundances of HCl were observed in many UT air parcels, as a result of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport events. We developed a method for diagnosing the amount of stratospheric ozone in these UT parcels using the compact linear correlation of HCl with ozone found throughout the lower stratosphere (LS). Expanded use of this method will lead to improved quantification of cross-tropopause transport events and validation of global chemical transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Marcy
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
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22
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Douglass AR. Radicals and reservoirs in the GMI chemistry and transport model: Comparison to measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Ray EA. Evidence of the effect of summertime midlatitude convection on the subtropical lower stratosphere from CRYSTAL-FACE tracer measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Wang Y. On tracer correlations in the troposphere: The case of ethane and propane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Park S. Measurements of N2O isotopologues in the stratosphere: Influence of transport on the apparent enrichment factors and the isotopologue fluxes to the troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Cohen RC, Murphy JG. Photochemistry of NO2 in Earth's Stratosphere: Constraints from Observations. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4985-98. [PMID: 14664640 DOI: 10.1021/cr020647x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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27
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Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Zhu Z, Pawson S. A comparison of the lower stratospheric age spectra derived from a general circulation model and two data assimilation systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengxin Zhu
- Science Systems Applications Inc.; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
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28
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Proffitt MH, Aikin K, Tuck AF, Margitan JJ, Webster CR, Toon GC, Elkins JW. Seasonally averaged ozone and nitrous oxide in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Proffitt
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - K. Aikin
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. F. Tuck
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. J. Margitan
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - C. R. Webster
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - G. C. Toon
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Elkins
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Boulder Colorado USA
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29
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McCarthy MC. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric methane: 2. Two-dimensional model results and implications for kinetic isotope effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Esler JG. Transport and mixing between airmasses in cold frontal regions during Dynamics and Chemistry of Frontal Zones (DCFZ). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Tilmes S. Calculation of chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 1996–1997 using ozone-tracer correlations: Comparison of Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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33
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Schauffler SM. Chlorine budget and partitioning during the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Kanzawa H. Validation and data characteristics of nitrous oxide and methane profiles observed by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) and processed with the Version 5.20 algorithm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Rice AL. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric methane: 1. High-precision observations from the NASA ER-2 aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Moore FL. Balloonborne in situ gas chromatograph for measurements in the troposphere and stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Jost H, Loewenstein M, Greenblatt JB, Podolske JR, Bui TP, Hurst DF, Elkins JW, Herman RL, Webster CR, Schauffler SM, Atlas EL, Newman PA, Lait LR, Wofsy SC. Mixing events revealed by anomalous tracer relationships in the Arctic vortex during winter 1999/2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Jürg Jost
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute Sonoma California USA
- NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California USA
| | | | - Jeffery B. Greenblatt
- NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California USA
- Now at Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - T. Paul Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California USA
| | - Dale F. Hurst
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - James W. Elkins
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Robert L. Herman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | | | | | - Elliot L. Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
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38
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Morgenstern O, Lee AM, Pyle JA. Cumulative mixing inferred from stratospheric tracer relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Morgenstern
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - Adrian M. Lee
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - John A. Pyle
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
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39
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Chipperfield MP, Khattatov BV, Lary DJ. Sequential assimilation of stratospheric chemical observations in a three-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. V. Khattatov
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. J. Lary
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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Hoor P, Fischer H, Lange L, Lelieveld J, Brunner D. Seasonal variations of a mixing layer in the lowermost stratosphere as identified by the CO-O3correlation from in situ measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoor
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | | | - Lutz Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | | | - Dominik Brunner
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute; De Bilt Netherlands
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Bremer H. Ozone depletion observed by the Airborne Submillimeter Radiometer (ASUR) during the Arctic winter 1999/2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ray EA. Descent and mixing in the 1999–2000 northern polar vortex inferred from in situ tracer measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Salawitch RJ. Chemical loss of ozone during the Arctic winter of 1999/2000: An analysis based on balloon-borne observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Esler JG. A method for estimating the extent of denitrification of arctic polar vortex air from tracer-tracer scatter plots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Engel A. Temporal development of total chlorine in the high-latitude stratosphere based on reference distributions of mean age derived from CO2and SF6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andrews AE, Boering KA, Daube BC, Wofsy SC, Loewenstein M, Jost H, Podolske JR, Webster CR, Herman RL, Scott DC, Flesch GJ, Moyer EJ, Elkins JW, Dutton GS, Hurst DF, Moore FL, Ray EA, Romashkin PA, Strahan SE. Mean ages of stratospheric air derived from in situ observations of CO2, CH4, and N2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Olsen SC, McLinden CA, Prather MJ. Stratospheric N2O-NOysystem: Testing uncertainties in a three-dimensional framework. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andrews AE, Boering KA, Wofsy SC, Daube BC, Jones DB, Alex S, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Strahan SE. Empirical age spectra for the midlatitude lower stratosphere from in situ observations of CO2: Quantitative evidence for a subtropical “barrier” to horizontal transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Esler JG, Tan DGH, Haynes PH, Evans MJ, Law KS, Plantevin PH, Pyle JA. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: Chemical sensitivity to mixing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu J, Dessler AE. Comparisons between measurements and models of Antarctic ozone loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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