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Zulfakriza Z, Nugraha AD, Heryandoko N, Ry RV, Muttaqy F, Andika A, Azhari MF, Putra AS, Palgunadi KH, Cummins PR, Supendi P, Lesmana A, Sahara DP, Puspito NT. Seismic source analysis of the destructive earthquake November 21, 2022, M w 5.6 Cianjur (Indonesia) from relocated aftershock. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12142. [PMID: 38802381 PMCID: PMC11130185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A destructive shallow earthquake with a magnitude of 5.6 struck Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia on November 21, 2022. This earthquake resulted in 602 casualties and the collapse of over 67,504 residences. The day after the mainshock, we deployed 19 temporary seismic stations to monitor aftershocks for a period of 30 days. We manually picked arrival times for 4499 P-waves and 3419 S-waves and determined locations for 514 events. Following the velocity model update, phase refinement through waveform cross correlation, and relocation using double-difference methods, we were able to determine 442 well-defined hypocenters of the aftershocks. We identified two clusters of aftershocks: one in the NNW-SSE direction, with a length of about 8 km, and another in the WSW-ENE direction, with a length of around 6 km. The seismogenic zone of these clusters ranges from a depth of 3 to 13 km. Our interpretation suggests that these clusters may indicate a conjugate fault. It is possible that the mainshock (Mw5.6) Cianjur earthquake on November 21, 2022 occurred on the WSW-ENE direction with sinistral movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfakriza Zulfakriza
- Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Disaster Mitigation, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Andri Dian Nugraha
- Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Disaster Mitigation, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nova Heryandoko
- Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Geophysical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Rexha Verdhora Ry
- Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Geophysical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Faiz Muttaqy
- Research Center for Geological Disaster, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Ade Andika
- Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Fikri Azhari
- Earth Science Study Program, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ade Surya Putra
- Research Center for Disaster Mitigation, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Geological Disaster, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Kadek Hendrawan Palgunadi
- Geophysical Engineering Department, Insitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Phil R Cummins
- Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Pepen Supendi
- Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Earth Sciences - Bullard Labs, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB30EZ, UK
| | - Aditya Lesmana
- Geophysical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - David P Sahara
- Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Disaster Mitigation, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nanang T Puspito
- Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Disaster Mitigation, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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2
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Kapetanidis V, Michas G, Spingos I, Kaviris G, Vallianatos F. Cluster Analysis of Seismicity in the Eastern Gulf of Corinth Based on a Waveform Template Matching Catalog. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2923. [PMID: 36991635 PMCID: PMC10056727 DOI: 10.3390/s23062923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Corinth Rift, in Central Greece, is one of the most seismically active areas in Europe. In the eastern part of the Gulf of Corinth, which has been the site of numerous large and destructive earthquakes in both historic and modern times, a pronounced earthquake swarm occurred in 2020-2021 at the Perachora peninsula. Herein, we present an in-depth analysis of this sequence, employing a high-resolution relocated earthquake catalog, further enhanced by the application of a multi-channel template matching technique, producing additional detections of over 7600 events between January 2020 and June 2021. Single-station template matching enriches the original catalog thirty-fold, providing origin times and magnitudes for over 24,000 events. We explore the variable levels of spatial and temporal resolution in the catalogs of different completeness magnitudes and also of variable location uncertainties. We characterize the frequency-magnitude distributions using the Gutenberg-Richter scaling relation and discuss possible b-value temporal variations that appear during the swarm and their implications for the stress levels in the area. The evolution of the swarm is further analyzed through spatiotemporal clustering methods, while the temporal properties of multiplet families indicate that short-lived seismic bursts, associated with the swarm, dominate the catalogs. Multiplet families present clustering effects at all time scales, suggesting triggering by aseismic factors, such as fluid diffusion, rather than constant stress loading, in accordance with the spatiotemporal migration patterns of seismicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Kapetanidis
- Section of Geophysics—Geothermics, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Michas
- Section of Geophysics—Geothermics, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Spingos
- Section of Geophysics—Geothermics, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - George Kaviris
- Section of Geophysics—Geothermics, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Filippos Vallianatos
- Section of Geophysics—Geothermics, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Physics of Earth’s Interior and Geohazards, UNESCO Chair on Solid Earth Physics and Geohazards Risk Reduction, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Center, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
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3
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Yin X, Zhai H, Cai R, Qiu J, Zou X. Tectonic Implication of the 2022 MS 6.9 Earthquake in Menyuan, Qinghai, China: Analysis of Precise Earthquake Locations and InSAR. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2128. [PMID: 36850725 PMCID: PMC9965683 DOI: 10.3390/s23042128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precise earthquake locations and InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) deformation observation are the major methods to understand the earthquake occurrence and disaster-causing process. This paper proposes a processing framework for analyzing strong earthquake mechanisms from one-dimensional velocity inversion to precise earthquake locations combined with InSAR deformation observation, and discusses earthquake-generating fault and dynamic mechanisms of tectonic deformation. We analyzed the Menyuan Ms 6.9 earthquake in 2022 and discuss the historical seismic activities and corresponding stress adjustment processes in the research region. To analyze and study the seismogenic structure and mechanism of the earthquake, we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the Menyuan earthquake sequence and analyzed the InSAR coseismic deformation field. We obtained the precise locations of the main shock and aftershocks and the coseismic InSAR deformation field of the main shock. It was confirmed that the Ms 6.9 earthquake was a shallow sinistral strike-slip earthquake, which led to the sequential activation of the Tuolaishan and Lenglongling faults. The main seismogenic fault of the mainshock was the northwestern end of the Lenglongling fault, and the earthquake rupture was segmented. It can be inferred that the earthquake was a stress-adjusted event triggered in the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic belt caused by the northeasterly push of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The risk of moderate to high earthquakes in the region remains high in the future, requiring enhanced seismic observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yin
- Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China
- Gansu Earthquake Agency, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Hongyu Zhai
- Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Run Cai
- Chengdu Surveying Geotechnical Research Institute Co., Ltd. of MCC, Chengdu 610063, China
| | - Jiangtao Qiu
- The Second Crust Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- Gansu Earthquake Agency, Lanzhou 730046, China
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Chen J, Crawford WC, Cannat M. Microseismicity and lithosphere thickness at a nearly-amagmatic oceanic detachment fault system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:430. [PMID: 36702818 PMCID: PMC9879945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceanic detachment faults play a central role in accommodating the plate divergence at slow-ultraslow spreading mid-ocean ridges. Successive flip-flop detachment faults in a nearly-amagmatic region of the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) at 64°30'E accommodate ~100% of plate divergence, with mostly ultramafic smooth seafloor. Here we present microseismicity data, recorded by ocean bottom seismometers, showing that the axial brittle lithosphere is on the order of 15 km thick under the nearly-amagmatic smooth seafloor, which is no thicker than under nearby volcanic seafloor or at more magmatic SWIR detachment systems. Our data reveal that microearthquakes with normal focal mechanisms are colocated with seismically-imaged damage zones of the active detachment fault and of antithetic hanging-wall faults. The level of the hanging-wall seismicity is significantly higher than that documented at more magmatic detachments of slow-ultraslow ridges, which may be a unique feature of nearly-amagmatic flip-flop detachment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Wayne C Crawford
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Cannat
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
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5
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A comprehensive suite of earthquake catalogues for the 2016-2017 Central Italy seismic sequence. Sci Data 2022; 9:710. [DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe protracted nature of the 2016-2017 central Italy seismic sequence, with multiple damaging earthquakes spaced over months, presented serious challenges for the duty seismologists and emergency managers as they assimilated the growing sequence to advise the local population. Uncertainty concerning where and when it was safe to occupy vulnerable structures highlighted the need for timely delivery of scientifically based understanding of the evolving hazard and risk. Seismic hazard assessment during complex sequences depends critically on up-to-date earthquake catalogues—i.e., data on locations, magnitudes, and activity of earthquakes—to characterize the ongoing seismicity and fuel earthquake forecasting models. Here we document six earthquake catalogues of this sequence that were developed using a variety of methods. The catalogues possess different levels of resolution and completeness resulting from progressive enhancements in the data availability, detection sensitivity, and hypocentral location accuracy. The catalogues range from real-time to advanced machine-learning procedures and highlight both the promises as well as the challenges of implementing advanced workflows in an operational environment.
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6
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Grigoli F, Clinton JF, Diehl T, Kaestli P, Scarabello L, Agustsdottir T, Kristjansdottir S, Magnusson R, Bean CJ, Broccardo M, Cesca S, Dahm T, Hjorleifsdottir V, Cabrera BM, Milkereit C, Nooshiri N, Obermann A, Racine R, Rinaldi AP, Ritz V, Sanchez-Pastor P, Wiemer S. Monitoring microseismicity of the Hengill Geothermal Field in Iceland. Sci Data 2022; 9:220. [PMID: 35589721 PMCID: PMC9120172 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced seismicity is one of the main factors that reduces societal acceptance of deep geothermal energy exploitation activities, and felt earthquakes are the main reason for closure of geothermal projects. Implementing innovative tools for real-time monitoring and forecasting of induced seismicity was one of the aims of the recently completed COSEISMIQ project. Within this project, a temporary seismic network was deployed in the Hengill geothermal region in Iceland, the location of the nation’s two largest geothermal power plants. In this paper, we release raw continuous seismic waveforms and seismicity catalogues collected and prepared during this project. This dataset is particularly valuable since a very dense network was deployed in a seismically active region where thousand of earthquakes occur every year. For this reason, the collected dataset can be used across a broad range of research topics in seismology ranging from the development and testing of new data analysis methods to induced seismicity and seismotectonics studies. Measurement(s) | Seismic waveforms (seismograms) • Seismicity (Origin time, location and magnitude of earthquakes) | Technology Type(s) | Seismic stations (velocity sensors) • SeisComP data acquisition and processing system |
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Grigoli
- University of Pisa, Department of Earth Sciences, Pisa, 56126, Italy.
| | - John F Clinton
- ETH-Zurich, Swiss Seismological Service, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Diehl
- ETH-Zurich, Swiss Seismological Service, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kaestli
- ETH-Zurich, Swiss Seismological Service, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Luca Scarabello
- ETH-Zurich, Swiss Seismological Service, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J Bean
- Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies (DIAS), Geophysics Section, Dublin, D04 C932, Ireland
| | - Marco Broccardo
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Simone Cesca
- German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Section 2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, Potsdam, 14467, Germany
| | - Torsten Dahm
- German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Section 2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, Potsdam, 14467, Germany
| | | | | | - Claus Milkereit
- German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Section 2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, Potsdam, 14467, Germany
| | - Nima Nooshiri
- Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies (DIAS), Geophysics Section, Dublin, D04 C932, Ireland
| | - Anne Obermann
- ETH-Zurich, Swiss Seismological Service, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Roman Racine
- ETH-Zurich, Swiss Seismological Service, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Vanille Ritz
- ETH-Zurich, Swiss Seismological Service, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Wiemer
- ETH-Zurich, Swiss Seismological Service, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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Sippl C, Moreno M, Benavente R. Microseismicity Appears to Outline Highly Coupled Regions on the Central Chile Megathrust. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2021; 126:e2021JB022252. [PMID: 35865107 PMCID: PMC9286039 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb022252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We compiled a novel microseismicity catalog for the Central Chile megathrust (29°-35°S), comprising 8,750 earthquakes between April 2014 and December 2018. These events describe a pattern of three trenchward open half-ellipses, consisting of a continuous, coast-parallel seismicity band at 30-45 km depth, and narrow elongated seismicity clusters that protrude to the shallow megathrust and separate largely aseismic regions along strike. To test whether these shapes could outline highly coupled regions ("asperities") on the megathrust, we invert GPS displacement data for interplate locking. The best-fit locking model does not show good correspondence to seismicity, possibly due to lacking resolution. When we prescribe high locking inside the half-ellipses, however, we obtain models with similar data fits that are preferred according to the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). We thus propose that seismicity on the Central Chile megathrust may outline three adjacent highly coupled regions, two of them located between the rupture areas of the 2010 Maule and the 2015 Illapel earthquakes, a segment of the Chilean margin that may be in a late interseismic stage of the seismic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Sippl
- Institute of GeophysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - M. Moreno
- Departamento de GeofísicaUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - R. Benavente
- Departamento de Ingeniería CivilUniversidad Católica de la Santísima ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- National Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (CIGIDEN)SantiagoChile
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8
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New seismological data from the Calabrian arc reveal arc-orthogonal extension across the subduction zone. Sci Rep 2021; 11:473. [PMID: 33436743 PMCID: PMC7804144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Calabrian Arc subduction-rollback system along the convergent Africa/Eurasia plate boundary is among the most active geological structures in the Mediterranean Sea. However, its seismogenic behaviour is largely unknown, mostly due to the lack of seismological observations. We studied low-to-moderate magnitude earthquakes recorded by the seismic network onshore, integrated by data from a seafloor observatory (NEMO-SN1), to compute a lithospheric velocity model for the western Ionian Sea, and relocate seismic events along major tectonic structures. Spatial changes in the depth distribution of earthquakes highlight a major lithospheric boundary constituted by the Ionian Fault, which separates two sectors where thickness of the seismogenic layer varies over 40 km. This regional tectonic boundary represents the eastern limit of a domain characterized by thinner lithosphere, arc-orthogonal extension, and transtensional tectonic deformation. Occurrence of a few thrust-type earthquakes in the accretionary wedge may suggest a locked subduction interface in a complex tectonic setting, which involves the interplay between arc-orthogonal extension and plate convergence. We finally note that distribution of earthquakes and associated extensional deformation in the Messina Straits region could be explained by right-lateral displacement along the Ionian Fault. This observation could shed new light on proposed mechanisms for the 1908 Messina earthquake.
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9
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Yang F, Guo J, Shi J, Zhou L, Xu Y, Chen M. A Method to Improve the Distribution of Observations in GNSS Water Vapor Tomography. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18082526. [PMID: 30072630 PMCID: PMC6111802 DOI: 10.3390/s18082526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Water vapor is an important driving factor in the related weather processes in the troposphere, and its temporal-spatial distribution and change are crucial to the formation of cloud and rainfall. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) water vapor tomography, which can reconstruct the water vapor distribution using GNSS observation data, plays an increasingly important role in GNSS meteorology. In this paper, a method to improve the distribution of observations in GNSS water vapor tomography is proposed to overcome the problem of the relatively concentrated distribution of observations, enable satellite signal rays to penetrate more tomographic voxels, and improve the issue of overabundance of zero elements in a tomographic matrix. Numerical results indicate that the accuracy of the water vapor tomography is improved by the proposed method when the slant water vapor calculated by GAMIT is used as a reference. Comparative results of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and water vapor density (WVD) profiles from radiosonde station data indicate that the proposed method is superior to the conventional method in terms of the mean absolute error (MAE), standard deviations (STD), and root-mean-square error (RMS). Further discussion shows that the ill-condition of tomographic equation and the richness of data in the tomographic model need to be discussed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Engineering and Industry Surveying of National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- Research Center for High Accuracy Location Awareness, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Jiming Guo
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Engineering and Industry Surveying of National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- Research Center for High Accuracy Location Awareness, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Junbo Shi
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Engineering and Industry Surveying of National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Lv Zhou
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China.
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10
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An Optimal Tropospheric Tomography Method Based on the Multi-GNSS Observations. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Paulatto M, Laigle M, Galve A, Charvis P, Sapin M, Bayrakci G, Evain M, Kopp H. Dehydration of subducting slow-spread oceanic lithosphere in the Lesser Antilles. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15980. [PMID: 28691714 PMCID: PMC5508134 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subducting slabs carry water into the mantle and are a major gateway in the global geochemical water cycle. Fluid transport and release can be constrained with seismological data. Here we use joint active-source/local-earthquake seismic tomography to derive unprecedented constraints on multi-stage fluid release from subducting slow-spread oceanic lithosphere. We image the low P-wave velocity crustal layer on the slab top and show that it disappears beneath 60–100 km depth, marking the depth of dehydration metamorphism and eclogitization. Clustering of seismicity at 120–160 km depth suggests that the slab’s mantle dehydrates beneath the volcanic arc, and may be the main source of fluids triggering arc magma generation. Lateral variations in seismic properties on the slab surface suggest that serpentinized peridotite exhumed in tectonized slow-spread crust near fracture zones may increase water transport to sub-arc depths. This results in heterogeneous water release and directly impacts earthquakes generation and mantle wedge dynamics. During subduction water is transported into the mantle, but constraining its release remains challenging. Here, using seismic tomography of the Lesser Antilles arc, the authors track the multistage dehydration of the slab and its lateral variations associated with heterogeneous slab composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Paulatto
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.,Imperial College London, Earth Science and Engineering, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Mireille Laigle
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Audrey Galve
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Philippe Charvis
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Martine Sapin
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR 7154, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gaye Bayrakci
- University of Southampton, Ocean and Earth Science, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Mikael Evain
- IFREMER, Géosciences Marines, Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable-CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Heidrun Kopp
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
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12
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Mid-ocean-ridge seismicity reveals extreme types of ocean lithosphere. Nature 2016; 535:276-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature18277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Keranen KM, Weingarten M, Abers GA, Bekins BA, Ge S. Induced earthquakes. Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity since 2008 induced by massive wastewater injection. Science 2014; 345:448-51. [PMID: 24993347 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional oil and gas production provides a rapidly growing energy source; however, high-production states in the United States, such as Oklahoma, face sharply rising numbers of earthquakes. Subsurface pressure data required to unequivocally link earthquakes to wastewater injection are rarely accessible. Here we use seismicity and hydrogeological models to show that fluid migration from high-rate disposal wells in Oklahoma is potentially responsible for the largest swarm. Earthquake hypocenters occur within disposal formations and upper basement, between 2- and 5-kilometer depth. The modeled fluid pressure perturbation propagates throughout the same depth range and tracks earthquakes to distances of 35 kilometers, with a triggering threshold of ~0.07 megapascals. Although thousands of disposal wells operate aseismically, four of the highest-rate wells are capable of inducing 20% of 2008 to 2013 central U.S. seismicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Keranen
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - M Weingarten
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G A Abers
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - B A Bekins
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - S Ge
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Kaven JO, Hickman SH, McGarr AF, Walter S, Ellsworth WL. Seismic monitoring at the Decatur, IL, CO2 sequestration demonstration site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hauksson E, Jones LM, Hutton K. The 1994 Northridge earthquake sequence in California: Seismological and tectonic aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Eberhart-Phillips D, Stanley WD, Rodriguez BD, Lutter WJ. Surface seismic and electrical methods to detect fluids related to faulting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lin G, Thurber CH. Seismic velocity variations along the rupture zone of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jb009122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Collings R, Lange D, Rietbrock A, Tilmann F, Natawidjaja D, Suwargadi B, Miller M, Saul J. Structure and seismogenic properties of the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone revealed by local earthquake traveltime tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jb008469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yukutake Y, Ito H, Honda R, Harada M, Tanada T, Yoshida A. Fluid-induced swarm earthquake sequence revealed by precisely determined hypocenters and focal mechanisms in the 2009 activity at Hakone volcano, Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jb008036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Frepoli A, Marra F, Maggi C, Marchetti A, Nardi A, Pagliuca NM, Pirro M. Seismicity, seismogenic structures, and crustal stress fields in the greater Rome area (central Italy). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb006322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cheng WB. Tomographic imaging of the convergent zone in Eastern Taiwan — A subducting forearc sliver revealed? TECTONOPHYSICS 2009; 466:170-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Haberland C, Rietbrock A, Lange D, Bataille K, Dahm T. Structure of the seismogenic zone of the southcentral Chilean margin revealed by local earthquake traveltime tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jb005802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Haberland
- Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum; Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Geosciences; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - Andreas Rietbrock
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - Dietrich Lange
- Institute of Geosciences; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Geophysics; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
- Bullard Laboratories; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Klaus Bataille
- Departamento Ciencias De La Tierra; Universidad de Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Torsten Dahm
- Institute of Geophysics; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
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Tolstoy M, Waldhauser F, Bohnenstiehl DR, Weekly RT, Kim WY. Seismic identification of along-axis hydrothermal flow on the East Pacific Rise. Nature 2008; 451:181-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nature06424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lin G, Shearer PM, Hauksson E, Thurber CH. A three-dimensional crustal seismic velocity model for southern California from a composite event method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb004977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu YM, Chang CH, Zhao L, Shyu JBH, Chen YG, Sieh K, Avouac JP. Seismic tomography of Taiwan: Improved constraints from a dense network of strong motion stations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb004983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koulakov I, Bohm M, Asch G, Lühr BG, Manzanares A, Brotopuspito KS, Fauzi P, Purbawinata MA, Puspito NT, Ratdomopurbo A, Kopp H, Rabbel W, Shevkunova E. PandSvelocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle beneath central Java from local tomography inversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Monsalve G, Sheehan A, Schulte-Pelkum V, Rajaure S, Pandey MR, Wu F. Seismicity and one-dimensional velocity structure of the Himalayan collision zone: Earthquakes in the crust and upper mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb004062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sun Y, Toksöz MN. Crustal structure of China and surrounding regions fromPwave traveltime tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb003962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youshun Sun
- Earth Resources Laboratory, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - M. Nafi Toksöz
- Earth Resources Laboratory, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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Monteiller V, Got JL, Virieux J, Okubo P. An efficient algorithm for double-difference tomography and location in heterogeneous media, with an application to the Kilauea volcano. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Judenherc S, Zollo A. The Bay of Naples (southern Italy): Constraints on the volcanic structures inferred from a dense seismic survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Judenherc
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche; Università di Napoli; Naples Italy
| | - A. Zollo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche; Università di Napoli; Naples Italy
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Cheng WB. Crustal Structure of the High Magnetic Anomaly Belt, Western Taiwan, and its Implications for Continental Margin Deformation. MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES 2004; 25:79-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11001-005-0735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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32
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Chiarabba C, Amato A. VpandVp/Vsimages in theMw6.0 Colfiorito fault region (central Italy): A contribution to the understanding of seismotectonic and seismogenic processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Chiarabba
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia; Centro Nazionale Terremoti; Rome Italy
| | - A. Amato
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia; Centro Nazionale Terremoti; Rome Italy
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Kopp H, Kopp C, Phipps Morgan J, Flueh ER, Weinrebe W, Morgan WJ. Fossil hot spot-ridge interaction in the Musicians Seamount Province: Geophysical investigations of hot spot volcanism at volcanic elongated ridges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jb002015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kopp
- GEOMAR Research Center for Marine Geosciences; Kiel Germany
| | - C. Kopp
- GEOMAR Research Center for Marine Geosciences; Kiel Germany
| | | | - E. R. Flueh
- GEOMAR Research Center for Marine Geosciences; Kiel Germany
| | - W. Weinrebe
- GEOMAR Research Center for Marine Geosciences; Kiel Germany
| | - W. J. Morgan
- Department of Geosciences; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
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34
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Gunasekera RC, Foulger GR, Julian BR. Reservoir depletion at The Geysers geothermal area, California, shown by four-dimensional seismic tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmin C. Gunasekera
- Earthquake Hazards Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Menlo Park California USA
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - G. R. Foulger
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Durham, Science Laboratories; Durham UK
| | - B. R. Julian
- Earthquake Hazards Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Menlo Park California USA
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Lippitsch R. Upper mantle structure beneath the Alpine orogen from high-resolution teleseismic tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jb002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Di Stefano R, Chiarabba C. Active source tomography at Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Paul A, Cattaneo M, Thouvenot F, Spallarossa D, Béthoux N, Fréchet J. A three-dimensional crustal velocity model of the southwestern Alps from local earthquake tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Haberland C, Rietbrock A. Attenuation tomography in the western central Andes: A detailed insight into the structure of a magmatic arc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Leitner B, Eberhart-Phillips D, Anderson H, Nabelek JL. A focused look at the Alpine fault, New Zealand: Seismicity, focal mechanisms, and stress observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Sallarès V, Dañobeitia JJ, Flueh ER. Lithospheric structure of the Costa Rican Isthmus: Effects of subduction zone magmatism on an oceanic plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Laigle M, Hirn A, Sapin M, Lépine JC, Diaz J, Gallart J, Nicolich R. Mount Etna dense array local earthquakePandStomography and implications for volcanic plumbing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chiarabba C, Amato A, Boschi E, Barberi F. Recent seismicity and tomographic modeling of the Mount Etna plumbing system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Graeber FM, Asch G. Three-dimensional models ofPwave velocity andP-to-Svelocity ratio in the southern central Andes by simultaneous inversion of local earthquake data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hardebeck JL, Nazareth JJ, Hauksson E. The static stress change triggering model: Constraints from two southern California aftershock sequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jb00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Eberhart-Phillips D, Michael AJ. Seismotectonics of the Loma Prieta, California, region determined from three-dimensionalVp,Vp/Vs, and seismicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jb01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Eberhart-Phillips D, Reyners M. Continental subduction and three-dimensional crustal structure: The northern South Island, New Zealand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Hauksson E, Haase JS. Three-dimensionalVPandVP/VSVelocity Models of the Los Angeles basin and central Transverse Ranges, California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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