1
|
Ji A, Kasting JF, Cooke GJ, Marsh DR, Tsigaridis K. Comparison between ozone column depths and methane lifetimes computed by one- and three-dimensional models at different atmospheric O 2 levels. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230056. [PMID: 37153363 PMCID: PMC10154922 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Cooke et al. (Cooke et al. 2022 R. Soc. Open Sci. 9, 211165. (doi:10.1098/rsos.211165)) used a three-dimensional coupled chemistry-climate model (WACCM6) to calculate ozone column depths at varied atmospheric O2 levels. They argued that previous one-dimensional (1-D) photochemical model studies, e.g. Segura et al. (Segura et al. 2003 Astrobiology 3, 689-708. (doi:10.1089/153110703322736024)), may have overestimated the ozone column depth at low pO2, and hence also overestimated the lifetime of methane. We have compared new simulations from an updated version of the Segura et al. model with those from WACCM6, together with some results from a second three-dimensional model. The discrepancy in ozone column depths is probably due to multiple interacting parameters, including H2O in the upper troposphere, lower boundary conditions, vertical and meridional transport rates, and different chemical mechanisms, especially the treatment of O2 photolysis in the Schumann-Runge (SR) bands (175-205 nm). The discrepancy in tropospheric OH concentrations and methane lifetime between WACCM6 and the 1-D model at low pO2 is reduced when absorption from CO2 and H2O in this wavelength region is included in WACCM6. Including scattering in the SR bands may further reduce this difference. Resolving these issues can be accomplished by developing an accurate parametrization for O2 photolysis in the SR bands and then repeating these calculations in the various models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ji
- Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J. F. Kasting
- Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - G. J. Cooke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - D. R. Marsh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - K. Tsigaridis
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu T, Sun J, Liu B, Li M, Deng Y, Jing W, Yang J. Factors Influencing O 3 Concentration in Traffic and Urban Environments: A Case Study of Guangzhou City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12961. [PMID: 36232266 PMCID: PMC9564865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is a serious issue in China, posing a significant threat to people's health. Traffic emissions are the main pollutant source in urban areas. NOX and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from traffic emissions are the main precursors of O3. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between traffic conditions and O3 pollution. This study focused on the potential relationship between O3 concentration and traffic conditions at a roadside and urban background in Guangzhou, one of the largest cities in China. The results demonstrated that no significant difference in the O3 concentration was observed between roadside and urban background environments. However, the O3 concentration was 2 to 3 times higher on sunny days (above 90 μg/m3) than on cloudy days due to meteorological conditions. The results confirmed that limiting traffic emissions may increase O3 concentrations in Guangzhou. Therefore, the focus should be on industrial, energy, and transportation emission mitigation and the influence of meteorological conditions to minimize O3 pollution. The results in this study provide some theoretical basis for mitigation emission policies in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
| | - Baihua Liu
- College of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Miao Li
- College of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yingbin Deng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
| | - Wenlong Jing
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Evaluation and Global-Scale Observation of Nitrous Oxide from IASI on Metop-A. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas difficult to estimate by satellite because of its weak spectral signature in the infra-red band and its low variability in the troposphere. Nevertheless, this study presents the evaluation of new tropospheric N2O observations from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) on Metop-A using the Toulouse N2O Retrieval Version 2.0 tool. This tool is based on the Radiative Transfer for Tiros Operational Vertical sounder (RTTOV) model version 12.3 coupled to the Levenberg-Marquardt optimal estimation method enabling the simultaneous retrieval of methane, water vapour, temperature profiles together with surface temperature and emissivity within the 1240–1350 cm−1 window. In this study, we focused on the upper troposphere (300 hPa) where the sensitivity of IASI is significant. The IASI N2O data has been evaluated using aircraft N2O observations from the High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns in 2009, 2010, and 2011 and from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network (GGGRN) in 2011. In addition, we evaluated the IASI N2O using ground-based N2O measurements from 9 stations belonging to the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). We found a total random error of ∼2 ppbv (0.6%) for one single retrieval at 300 hPa. Under favorable conditions, this error is also found in the vertical level pressure range 300–500 hPa. It decreases rapidly to ∼0.4 ppbv (0.1%) when we average on a 1° × 1° box. In addition, independent observations allows the estimation of bias with the IASI TN2OR v2.0 N2O. The bias between IASI and aircraft N2O data at 300 hPa is ∼1.0 ppbv (∼0.3%). We found an estimated random error of ∼2.3 ppbv (∼0.75%). This study also shows relatively high correlations between IASI data and aircraft in situ profiles but more varying correlations over the year 2011 depending on the location between IASI and NDACC remote sensing data. Finally, we present daily, monthly, and seasonal IASI N2O horizontal distributions in the upper troposphere as well as cross sections for different seasons that exhibit maxima in the Tropical band especially over Africa and South America.
Collapse
|
4
|
NAKAZAWA T. Current understanding of the global cycling of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:394-419. [PMID: 33177295 PMCID: PMC7725657 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To address the climate change caused by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, it is essential to understand and quantitatively elucidate their cycling on the Earth's surface. This paper first presents an overview of the global cycling of three greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), followed by a description of their variations in the atmosphere. This paper then presents the recent global budgets of these greenhouse gases estimated using two different approaches, top-down and bottom-up. Discussions on our current knowledge regarding the global cycling of the three gases are also presented.
Collapse
|
5
|
Labuschagne C, Kuyper B, Brunke EG, Mokolo T, van der Spuy D, Martin L, Mbambalala E, Parker B, Khan MAH, Davies-Coleman MT, Shallcross DE, Joubert W. A review of four decades of atmospheric trace gas measurements at Cape Point, South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0035919x.2018.1477854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Labuschagne
- Global Atmospheric Watch, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Brett Kuyper
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernst-Günther Brunke
- Global Atmospheric Watch, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Thumeka Mokolo
- Global Atmospheric Watch, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Danie van der Spuy
- Global Atmospheric Watch, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lynwill Martin
- Global Atmospheric Watch, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ernst Mbambalala
- Global Atmospheric Watch, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bhawoodien Parker
- Global Atmospheric Watch, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning, Western Cape Government, South Africa
| | - M. Anwar H. Khan
- Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dudley E. Shallcross
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
- Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Warren Joubert
- Global Atmospheric Watch, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Impact of Coupled NOx/Aerosol Aircraft Emissions on Ozone Photochemistry and Radiative Forcing. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Daud MN. Multireference calculations of potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces for first and second UV absorption bands of N2O. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633614500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A great deal of theoretical work has been carried out to investigate the properties of the six lowest singlet electronic states of N 2 O molecule: the ground state X 1A′; the excited states 11A′′, 21A′, 21A′′, 31A′ and 31A′′. Multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach has been used to compute the full-dimensional potential energy surfaces of the six lowest states employing aug-cc-pVQZ minus g orbital basis set. It was found that such of highly accurate potential yields excellent results of bond dissociation and vertical excitation energies in comparison with the experimental values. Several important symmetry and nonsymmetry related conical intersections in linear and bent geometries have been discussed. Of particular interest is the location of conical intersections between the 21A′(1Δ) and 31A′(1Π) states, and between the 11A′′(1Σ-) and 31A′′(1Π) states in linear geometry, as well as conical intersection between the X 1A′ and 21A′ states in bent geometry. The corresponding transition dipole moment surfaces have also been computed, connecting the ground electronic state to the lowest five excited states. Detailed discussion on the vector properties of the dipole transition has been presented specifically in the vicinity of the conical intersections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Noh Daud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Daud MN. UV Photolysis of N2O Isotopomers: Isotopic Fractionations and Product Rotational Quantum State Distributions. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/06/679-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
9
|
Thompson RL, Bousquet P, Chevallier F, Rayner PJ, Ciais P. Impact of the atmospheric sink and vertical mixing on nitrous oxide fluxes estimated using inversion methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Jones A, Qin G, Strong K, Walker KA, McLinden CA, Toohey M, Kerzenmacher T, Bernath PF, Boone CD. A global inventory of stratospheric NOyfrom ACE-FTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Chen WC, Nanbu S, Marcus RA. Isotopomer fractionation in the UV photolysis of N(2)O: 3. 3D Ab initio surfaces and anharmonic effects. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9700-8. [PMID: 20513155 DOI: 10.1021/jp101691r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The wavelength-dependent isotopic fractionation of N(2)O is calculated, extending our previous work, Parts 1 and 2, in several aspects: (1) the fully three-dimensional ab initio electronic potential and transition dipole moment surfaces of S. Nanbu and M. S. Johnson (J. Chem. Phys. A 2004, 108, 8905) are used to calculate the absorption cross sections, instead of a 2D surface and (2) the vibrational frequencies and wave functions with anharmonicity correction are used for the ground electronic state. The results for the absorption spectrum and for the isotopic fractionation of the different isotopomers are discussed. One difference between experiments measuring the absorption coefficient (von Hessberg et al. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2004, 4, 1237) and the others that measure instead the photodissociation is also discussed. Experiments on the quantum yield for wavelengths longer than 200 nm (>50 000 cm(-1)) would be helpful in treating the observed difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Chen
- Noyes Laboratory, 127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Department of Materials & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Croteau P, Atlas EL, Schauffler SM, Blake DR, Diskin GS, Boering KA. Effect of local and regional sources on the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide in the tropical free troposphere and tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Minschwaner K, Manney GL, Livesey NJ, Pumphrey HC, Pickett HM, Froidevaux L, Lambert A, Schwartz MJ, Bernath PF, Walker KA, Boone CD. The photochemistry of carbon monoxide in the stratosphere and mesosphere evaluated from observations by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Aura satellite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Akiyoshi H, Zhou LB, Yamashita Y, Sakamoto K, Yoshiki M, Nagashima T, Takahashi M, Kurokawa J, Takigawa M, Imamura T. A CCM simulation of the breakup of the Antarctic polar vortex in the years 1980–2004 under the CCMVal scenarios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
15
|
Isotope Effects in Photodissociation: Chemical Reaction Dynamics and Implications for Atmospheres. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Sorai M, Yoshida N, Ishikawa M. Biogeochemical simulation of nitrous oxide cycle based on the major nitrogen processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jg000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Grenfell JL, Lehmann R, Mieth P, Langematz U, Steil B. Chemical reaction pathways affecting stratospheric and mesospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Prakash MK, Marcus RA. Three-isotope plot of fractionation in photolysis: A perturbation theoretical expression. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:174308. [PMID: 16375529 DOI: 10.1063/1.2102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The slope of the three-isotope plot for the isotopomer fractionation by direct or nearly direct photodissociation is obtained using a perturbation theoretical analysis. This result, correct to first order in the mass difference, is the same as that for equilibrium chemical exchange reactions, a similarity unexpected a priori. A comparison is made with computational results for N2O photodissociation. This theoretical slope for mass-dependent photolytic fractionation can be used to analyze the data for isotopic anomalies in spin-allowed photodissociation reactions. Earlier work on chemical equilibria is extended by avoiding a high-temperature approximation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Prakash
- Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics MC 127-72, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Smithtro CG, Sojka JJ. A new global average model of the coupled thermosphere and ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004ja010781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Smithtro
- Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences; Utah State University; Logan Utah USA
| | - J. J. Sojka
- Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences; Utah State University; Logan Utah USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kurokawa JI, Akiyoshi H, Nagashima T, Masunaga H, Nakajima T, Takahashi M, Nakane H. Effects of atmospheric sphericity on stratospheric chemistry and dynamics over Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Prakash MK, Weibel JD, Marcus RA. Isotopomer fractionation in the UV photolysis of N2O: Comparison of theory and experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Urban J. Odin/SMR limb observations of stratospheric trace gases: Validation of N2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Morgan CG, Allen M, Liang MC, Shia RL, Blake GA, Yung YL. Isotopic fractionation of nitrous oxide in the stratosphere: Comparison between model and observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Morgan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. Allen
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. C. Liang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. L. Shia
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - G. A. Blake
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Y. L. Yung
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kaiser J, Röckmann T, Brenninkmeijer CAM. Contribution of mass-dependent fractionation to the oxygen isotope anomaly of atmospheric nitrous oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kaiser
- Department of Geosciences; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Atmospheric Physics Division; Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics; Heidelberg Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
MacKenzie IA. Middle-atmospheric response to a future increase in humidity arising from increased methane abundance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Park S. Measurements of N2O isotopologues in the stratosphere: Influence of transport on the apparent enrichment factors and the isotopologue fluxes to the troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
27
|
Toyoda S. Temporal and latitudinal distributions of stratospheric N2O isotopomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
28
|
Brenninkmeijer CAM, Janssen C, Kaiser J, Röckmann T, Rhee TS, Assonov SS. Isotope Effects in the Chemistry of Atmospheric Trace Compounds. Chem Rev 2003; 103:5125-62. [PMID: 14664646 DOI: 10.1021/cr020644k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Sowers T, Alley RB, Jubenville J. Ice core records of atmospheric N2O covering the last 106,000 years. Science 2003; 301:945-8. [PMID: 12920293 DOI: 10.1126/science.1085293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Paleoatmospheric records of trace-gas concentrations recovered from ice cores provide important sources of information on many biogeochemical cycles involving carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Here, we present a 106,000-year record of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) along with corresponding isotopic records spanning the last 30,000 years, which together suggest minimal changes in the ratio of marine to terrestrial N2O production. During the last glacial termination, both marine and oceanic N2O emissions increased by 40 +/- 8%. We speculate that our records do not support those hypotheses that invoke enhanced export production to explain low carbon dioxide values during glacial periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd Sowers
- Department of Geosciences and the EMS Environment Institute, Pennsylvania State University, UniversityPark, PA 16802, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Kaiser J. Complete and accurate mass spectrometric isotope analysis of tropospheric nitrous oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
32
|
Fleming EL, Jackman CH, Rosenfield JE, Considine DB. Two-dimensional model simulations of the QBO in ozone and tracers in the tropical stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
Estupiñán EG, Nicovich JM, Li J, Cunnold DM, Wine PH. Investigation of N2O Production from 266 and 532 nm Laser Flash Photolysis of O3/N2/O2 Mixtures. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014242c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Estupiñán
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - J. M. Nicovich
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - J. Li
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - D. M. Cunnold
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - P. H. Wine
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kaiser J, Röckmann T, Brenninkmeijer CAM. Temperature dependence of isotope fractionation in N2O photolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b204837j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Kaiser J. Intramolecular15N and18O fractionation in the reaction of N2O with O(1D) and its implications for the stratospheric N2O isotope signature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
36
|
Dessler AE. The effect of deep, tropical convection on the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
37
|
Sowers T. N2O record spanning the penultimate deglaciation from the Vostok ice core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
38
|
Johnson MS, Billing GD, Gruodis A, Janssen MHM. Photolysis of Nitrous Oxide Isotopomers Studied by Time-Dependent Hermite Propagation. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011449x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, Department of General Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Vilnius, Sauletekio 9, b. 3, 2040 Vilnius, Lithuania, and Laser Centre and Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Due Billing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, Department of General Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Vilnius, Sauletekio 9, b. 3, 2040 Vilnius, Lithuania, and Laser Centre and Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alytis Gruodis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, Department of General Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Vilnius, Sauletekio 9, b. 3, 2040 Vilnius, Lithuania, and Laser Centre and Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice H. M. Janssen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, Department of General Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Vilnius, Sauletekio 9, b. 3, 2040 Vilnius, Lithuania, and Laser Centre and Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Toyoda S, Yoshida N, Urabe T, Aoki S, Nakazawa T, Sugawara S, Honda H. Fractionation of N2O isotopomers in the stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Liley JB, Johnston PV, McKenzie RL, Thomas AJ, Boyd IS. Stratospheric NO2variations from a long time series at Lauder, New Zealand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
41
|
Imajo T, Yoshino K, Esmond JR, Parkinson WH, Thorne AP, Murray JE, Learner RCM, Cox G, Cheung ASC, Ito K, Matsui T. The application of a VUV Fourier transform spectrometer and synchrotron radiation source to measurements of: II. The δ(1,0) band of NO. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
42
|
|
43
|
Flocke F, Herman RL, Salawitch RJ, Atlas E, Webster CR, Schauffler SM, Lueb RA, May RD, Moyer EJ, Rosenlof KH, Scott DC, Blake DR, Bui TP. An examination of chemistry and transport processes in the tropical lower stratosphere using observations of long-lived and short-lived compounds obtained during STRAT and POLARIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
44
|
Jucks KW, Johnson DG, Chance KV, Traub WA, Salawitch RJ. Nitric acid in the middle stratosphere as a function of altitude and aerosol loading. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
Sen B, Osterman GB, Salawitch RJ, Toon GC, Margitan JJ, Blavier JF, Chang AY, May RD, Webster CR, Stimpfle RM, Bonne GP, Voss PB, Perkins KK, Anderson JG, Cohen RC, Elkins JW, Dutton GS, Hurst DF, Romashkin PA, Atlas EL, Schauffler SM, Loewenstein M. The budget and partitioning of stratospheric chlorine during the 1997 Arctic summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
46
|
Triple-isotope composition of atmospheric oxygen as a tracer of biosphere productivity. Nature 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Abstract
A class of isotope effects that alters isotope ratios on a mass-independent basis provides a tool for studying a wide range of processes in atmospheres of Earth and other planets as well as early processes in the solar nebula. The mechanism for the effect remains uncertain. Mass-independent isotopic compositions have been observed in O3, CO2, N2O, and CO in Earth's atmosphere and in carbonate from a martian meteorite, which suggests a role for mass-independent processes in the atmosphere of Mars. Observed mass-independent meteoritic oxygen and sulfur isotopic compositions may derive from chemical processes in the presolar nebula, and their distributions could provide insight into early solar system evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Thiemens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0356, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Minschwaner K, Carver RW, Briegleb BP, Roche AE. Infrared radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetimes of trace species based on observations from UARS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
We propose an isotopic fractionation mechanism, based on photolytic destruction, to explain the 15N/14N and 18O/16O fractionation of stratospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) and reconcile laboratory experiments with atmospheric observations. The theory predicts that (i) the isotopomers 15N14N16O and 14N15N16O have very different isotopic fractionations in the stratosphere, and (ii) laboratory photolysis experiments conducted at 205 nanometers should better simulate the observed isotopic fractionation of stratospheric N2O. Modeling results indicate that there is no compelling reason to invoke a significant chemical source of N2O in the middle atmosphere and that individual N2O isotopomers might be useful tracers of stratospheric air parcel motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YL Yung
- Y. L. Yung, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. C. L. Miller, Atmospheric Kinetics and Photochemistry Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California I
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas that also plays a role in the cycling of stratospheric ozone. Air samples from the lower stratosphere exhibit 15N/14N and 18O/16O enrichment in nitrous oxide, which can be accounted for with a simple model describing an irreversible destruction process. The observed enrichments are quite large and incompatible with those determined for the main stratospheric nitrous oxide loss processes of photolysis and reaction with excited atomic oxygen. Thus, although no stratospheric source needs to be invoked, the data indicate that present understanding of stratospheric nitrous oxide chemistry is incomplete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Rahn
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0220, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|