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High-Resolution Topographic Analyses of Mounds in Southern Acidalia Planitia, Mars: Implications for Possible Mud Volcanism in Submarine and Subaerial Environments. GEOSCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences8050152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Melosh HJ, Freed AM, Johnson BC, Blair DM, Andrews-Hanna JC, Neumann GA, Phillips RJ, Smith DE, Solomon SC, Wieczorek MA, Zuber MT. The origin of lunar mascon basins. Science 2013; 340:1552-5. [PMID: 23722426 DOI: 10.1126/science.1235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution gravity data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory spacecraft have clarified the origin of lunar mass concentrations (mascons). Free-air gravity anomalies over lunar impact basins display bull's-eye patterns consisting of a central positive (mascon) anomaly, a surrounding negative collar, and a positive outer annulus. We show that this pattern results from impact basin excavation and collapse followed by isostatic adjustment and cooling and contraction of a voluminous melt pool. We used a hydrocode to simulate the impact and a self-consistent finite-element model to simulate the subsequent viscoelastic relaxation and cooling. The primary parameters controlling the modeled gravity signatures of mascon basins are the impactor energy, the lunar thermal gradient at the time of impact, the crustal thickness, and the extent of volcanic fill.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Melosh
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Nerem RS, Jekeli C, Kaula WM. Gravity field determination and characteristics: Retrospective and prospective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb03257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith DE, Zuber MT, Phillips RJ, Solomon SC, Hauck SA, Lemoine FG, Mazarico E, Neumann GA, Peale SJ, Margot JL, Johnson CL, Torrence MH, Perry ME, Rowlands DD, Goossens S, Head JW, Taylor AH. Gravity Field and Internal Structure of Mercury from MESSENGER. Science 2012; 336:214-7. [PMID: 22438509 DOI: 10.1126/science.1218809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Smith
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139–4307, USA
| | - Maria T. Zuber
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139–4307, USA
| | - Roger J. Phillips
- Planetary Science Directorate, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Sean C. Solomon
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Steven A. Hauck
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Erwan Mazarico
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139–4307, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | | | - Stanton J. Peale
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Margot
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Catherine L. Johnson
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Mark H. Torrence
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA
| | - Mark E. Perry
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | | | - Sander Goossens
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - James W. Head
- Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Zuber MT, Smith DE, Lemoine FG, Neumann GA. The shape and internal structure of the moon from the clementine mission. Science 2010; 266:1839-43. [PMID: 17737077 DOI: 10.1126/science.266.5192.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Global topographic and gravitational field models derived from data collected by the Clementine spacecraft reveal a new picture of the shape and internal structure of the moon. The moon exhibits a 16-kilometer range of elevation, with the greatest topographic excursions occurring on the far side. Lunar highlands are in a state of near-isostatic compensation, whereas impact basins display a wide range of compensation states that do not correlate simply with basin size or age. A global crustal thickness map reveals crustal thinning under all resolvable lunar basins. The results indicate that the structure and thermal history of the moon are more complex than was previously believed.
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Zuber MT, Lemoine FG, Smith DE, Konopliv AS, Smrekar SE, Asmar SW. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Radio Science Gravity Investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Using topography collected over one martian year from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft, we have measured temporal changes in the elevation of the martian surface that correlate with the seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide exchange between the surface and atmosphere. The greatest elevation change (1.5 to 2 meters) occurs at high latitudes ( above 80 degrees ), whereas the bulk of the mass exchange occurs at lower latitudes (below 75 degrees N and below 73 degrees S). An unexpected period of sublimation was observed during northern hemisphere autumn, coincident with dust storms in the southern hemisphere. Analysis of MGS Doppler tracking residuals revealed temporal variations in the flattening of Mars that correlate with elevation changes. The combined changes in gravity and elevation constrain the average density of seasonally deposited carbon dioxide to be 910 +/- 230 kilograms per cubic meter, which is considerably denser than terrestrial snow.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Smith
- Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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Tyler GL, Balmino G, Hinson DP, Sjogren WL, Smith DE, Simpson RA, Asmar SW, Priest P, Twicken JD. Radio science observations with Mars Global Surveyor: Orbit insertion through one Mars year in mapping orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yuan DN, Sjogren WL, Konopliv AS, Kucinskas AB. Gravity field of Mars: A 75th Degree and Order Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lemoine FG, Smith DE, Rowlands DD, Zuber MT, Neumann GA, Chinn DS, Pavlis DE. An improved solution of the gravity field of Mars (GMM-2B) from Mars Global Surveyor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hinson DP, Tyler GL, Hollingsworth JL, Wilson RJ. Radio occultation measurements of forced atmospheric waves on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hinson DP, Simpson RA, Twicken JD, Tyler GL, Flasar FM. Initial results from radio occultation measurements with Mars Global Surveyor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Smith DE, Sjogren WL, Tyler GL, Balmino G, Lemoine FG, Konopliv AS. The gravity field of Mars: results from Mars Global Surveyor. Science 1999; 286:94-7. [PMID: 10506567 DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5437.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Observations of the gravity field of Mars reveal a planet that has responded differently in its northern and southern hemispheres to major impacts and volcanic processes. The rough, elevated southern hemisphere has a relatively featureless gravitational signature indicating a state of near-isostatic compensation, whereas the smooth, low northern plains display a wider range of gravitational anomalies that indicates a thinner but stronger surface layer than in the south. The northern hemisphere shows evidence for buried impact basins, although none large enough to explain the hemispheric elevation difference. The gravitational potential signature of Tharsis is approximately axisymmetric and contains the Tharsis Montes but not the Olympus Mons or Alba Patera volcanoes. The gravity signature of Valles Marineris extends into Chryse and provides an estimate of material removed by early fluvial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Smith
- Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
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Bills BG, James TS. Moments of inertia and rotational stability of Mars: Lithospheric support of subhydrostatic rotational flattening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Magalhães JA, Schofield JT, Seiff A. Results of the Mars Pathfinder atmospheric structure investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith DE, Zuber MT, Haberle RM, Rowlands DD, Murphy JR. The Mars seasonal CO2cycle and the time variation of the gravity field: A general circulation model simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Anderson S, Grimm RE. Rift processes at the Valles Marineris, Mars: Constraints from gravity on necking and rate-dependent strength evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98je00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Folkner WM, Yoder CF, Yuan DN, Standish EM, Preston RA. Interior structure and seasonal mass redistribution of Mars from radio tracking of Mars Pathfinder. Science 1997; 278:1749-52. [PMID: 9388168 DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5344.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Doppler and range measurements to the Mars Pathfinder lander made using its radio communications system have been combined with similar measurements from the Viking landers to estimate improved values of the precession of Mars' pole of rotation and the variation in Mars' rotation rate. The observed precession of -7576 +/- 35 milliarc seconds of angle per year implies a dense core and constrains possible models of interior composition. The estimated annual variation in rotation is in good agreement with a model of seasonal mass exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and ice caps.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Folkner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
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Lemoine FGR, Smith DE, Zuber MT, Neumann GA, Rowlands DD. A 70th degree lunar gravity model (GLGM-2) from Clementine and other tracking data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97je01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Folkner WM, Kahn RD, Preston RA, Yoder CF, Standish EM, Williams JG, Edwards CD, Hellings RW, Eubanks TM, Bills BG. Mars dynamics from Earth-based tracking of the Mars Pathfinder lander. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96je02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yoder CF, Standish EM. Martian precession and rotation from Viking lander range data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96je03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kiefer WS, Bills BG, Nerem RS. An inversion of gravity and topography for mantle and crustal structure on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95je03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bills BG, Rubincam DP. Constraints on density models from radial moments: Applications to Earth, Moon, and Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95je02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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