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Liu J, Duan Y, Chen H, Ye B, Zhang H, Tan W, Kappler A, Hou J. Extent of As(III) versus As(V) adsorption on iron (oxyhydr) oxides depends on the presence of vacancy cluster-like micropore sites: Insights into a seesaw effect. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176376. [PMID: 39304166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Iron (oxyhydr)oxides are ubiquitous in terrestrial environments and play a crucial role in controling the fate of arsenic in sediments and groundwater. Although there is evidence that different iron (oxyhydr)oxides have different affinities towards As(III) and As(V), it is still unclear why As(V) adsorption on some iron (oxyhydr)oxides is larger than As(III) adsorption, while it is opposite for other ones. In this study, six typical iron (oxyhydr)oxides are selected to evaluate their adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V). The characteristics of these iron minerals such as morphology, arsenic adsorption species, and pore size distribution are carefully examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We confirm a seesaw effect occurred in different iron minerals for As(III) and As(V) immobilization, i.e., at pH 6.0, adsorption of As(V) on hematite (0.73 μmol m-2) and magnetite (0.33 μmol m-2) is higher than for As(III) (0.61 μmol m-2 and 0.27 μmol m-2, respectively), for goethite and lepidocrocite it is almost equal, while As(III) sorption on ferrihydrite (5.77 μmol m-2) and schwertmannite (28.41 μmol m-2) showed higher sorption than As(V) (1.53 μmol m-2 and 12.99 μmol m-2, respectively). PAL analysis demonstrates that ferrihydrite and schwertmannite have a large concentration of vacancy cluster-like micropores, significantly more than goethite and lepidocrocite, followed by hematite and magnetite. The difference of adsorption of As(III) and As(V) to different iron (oxyhydr)oxides is due to differences in the abundance of vacancy cluster-like micropore sites, which are conducive for smaller size As(III) immobilization but not for larger size of As(V). The findings of this study provide novel insights into a seesaw effect for As(III) and As(V) immobilization on naturally occurring iron mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yixin Duan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bangjiao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jingtao Hou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Kallaev S, Sadykov S, Pavlenko A, Ataev M, Majzner J, Orudzhev F, Giraev K, Alikhanov N. Exploring RF Magnetron Sputtering Growth Composite Thin Film BiFeO 3-Bi 2Fe 4O 9 on C-Plane Al 2O 3 Substrate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6987. [PMID: 37959586 PMCID: PMC10647479 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite films of BiFeO3-Bi2Fe4O9 were fabricated on a sapphire substrate Al2O3 using the method of gas discharge high-frequency cathodic sputtering of a ceramic target with a stoichiometric composition in an oxygen atmosphere. The results of the film analysis using X-ray structural analysis, Raman scattering, XPS, and atomic force microscopy are presented. The lattice parameters, surface topography, chemical composition of the films, concentration, and average sizes of the crystallites for each phase were determined. It was shown that the ratio of the BiFeO3 to Bi2Fe4O9 phases in the obtained film is approximately 1:2. The sizes of the crystallites range from 15 to 17 nm. The optical and magnetic properties of the nanocomposite layers were studied, and the band gap width and magnetization hysteresis characteristic of ferromagnetic behavior were observed. The band gap width was found to be 1.9 eV for the indirect and 2.6 eV for the direct interband transitions. The magnetic properties are characterized by a hysteresis loop resembling a "wasp-waist" shape, indicating the presence of magnetic anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Kallaev
- Amirkhanov Institute of Physics, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. M. Yaragskogo 94, 367003 Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Sadyk Sadykov
- Amirkhanov Institute of Physics, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. M. Yaragskogo 94, 367003 Makhachkala, Russia
- Physical Department, Dagestan State University, St. M. Gadjieva 43-a, 367015 Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Anatoly Pavlenko
- Federal Research Centre “The Southern Scientific Centre”, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Mansur Ataev
- Amirkhanov Institute of Physics, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. M. Yaragskogo 94, 367003 Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Jiří Majzner
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Farid Orudzhev
- Amirkhanov Institute of Physics, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. M. Yaragskogo 94, 367003 Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Kamal Giraev
- Physical Department, Dagestan State University, St. M. Gadjieva 43-a, 367015 Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Nariman Alikhanov
- Amirkhanov Institute of Physics, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. M. Yaragskogo 94, 367003 Makhachkala, Russia
- Physical Department, Dagestan State University, St. M. Gadjieva 43-a, 367015 Makhachkala, Russia
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Li MY, Peng ZX, Chen YY, Xiao SY, Zhang BW, Shen YX, Wang SK, Wang XS, Han ZX. Combining mechanisms of black carbon and magnetic minerals in power plant fly ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162059. [PMID: 36775142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC), one of the pollutants emitted from fossil fuel combustion, is closely associated with minerals and other hazardous substances. To date, little is known about the mechanisms between BC and magnetic minerals. Accordingly, further investigating the association between magnetic minerals and BC is necessary. In this work, the extraction of BC from fly ash and the magnetic fraction from BC was achieved by flotation and magnetic separation, respectively. The morphology, mineralogical composition, and magnetic properties of BC and magnetic fraction were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that BC and magnetic minerals have similar mineral compositions, rich in quartz, mullite, magnetite, and hematite. The magnetic minerals have prominent spherical characteristics and are distributed on the surface and inside the pores of BC with irregular honeycomb features. The VSM and XRD analyses show that Fe3O4 is the primary magnetic material. Moreover, large amounts of C, O, and Fe around and on the surface of magnetic spheres were detected by EDS, indicating that the spherical particles may be the structure of BC-coated Fe3O4. Pyrolysis experiments showed that the yield of the magnetic fraction in the pyrolysis product reached 60 %, far exceeding the theoretical yield of 12 % based on 5 % of doped Fe. This further proves that Fe3O4 was combined with a large number of organics during its formation, which may be due to coating and chemical adsorption. Quantum chemical calculations also confirmed this chemical adsorption between Fe3O4 with BC based on density flooding theory, in which adsorption energies ranged from -213.374 KJ/mol to -827.741 KJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yao Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Zhou Xin Peng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - You Ying Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Shi Yun Xiao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Bo Wen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Yi Xin Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Sheng Kang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
| | - Xue Song Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
| | - Zhao Xiang Han
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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Marini M, Foresi LM, Barbagallo V, Bisconti M, Di Stefano A, Muttoni G, Martini I. Age and Depositional Environment of Whale-Bearing Sedimentary Succession from the Lower Pliocene of Tuscany (Italy): Insights from Palaeomagnetism, Calcareous Microfossils and Facies Analyses. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2023; 11:455. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse11020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A c. 31 m thick section straddling the fossil find of an Early Pliocene baleen whale (“Brunella”, hereafter), made in 2007 in the sedimentary fill of the Middle Ombrone Basin of Tuscany, is investigated for depositional age and environment combining palaeomagnetic, micropalaeontological (Foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils) and sedimentary facies analyses. Resting unconformably onto Late Miocene continental deposits, the Early Pliocene marine deposits include, from bottom to top, a coarse-grained wave-winnowing lag, the few metres-thick fossiliferous sandstone bedset from which Brunella was unearthed, and several metres of clays. The stratigraphic organisation of these deposits indicate deposition in a deepening upward inner shelf environment. Successful isolation of characteristic remanent magnetisation and calcareous nannofossil content indicate the investigated marine section was deposited during the interval of polarity Chron C3n.2n corresponding to the basal part of the Mediterranean nannofossil zone MNN13 (between Helicosphaera sellii Base common and the Amaurolithus primus Top) and allow estimating the depositional age of Brunella to c. 4.6 Ma. Sedimentary facies, benthic Foraminifera association and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility characterising the deposits that embedded Brunella suggest deposition above the fair-weather base level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ‘Ardito Desio’, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Foresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Viviana Barbagallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Bisconti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
- San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA 121390, USA
| | - Agata Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Muttoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ‘Ardito Desio’, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Martini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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5
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Casillas-Popova SN, Arenas-Alatorre JA, Thangarasu P, Tavizon G, Bernad-Bernad MJ, Gracia-Mora J. Influence of core-shell CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4-Bi4Ti3O12 on the magnetic properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Shen J, Mo J, Lu Z, Gong C, Wu Z, Gao K, Liu M, Xia Y. Unraveling the spin reorientation process in rare earth perovskite PrFe0.1Cr0.9O3. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Rock Magnetism of Lapilli and Lava Flows from Cumbre Vieja Volcano, 2021 Eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands): Initial Reports. GEOSCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12070271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We present initial rock magnetic results for both lava flows and lapilli produced by the 2021 eruption of the Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (Canary Islands). Samples were taken during the eruption to minimize early alteration and weathering of the rocks and tephra. Standard procedures included progressive alternating field and thermal demagnetization, hysteresis curves, thermomagnetic experiments, progressive acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), and First-Order Reversal Curves (FORCs). Overall, our observations, including low to medium unblocking temperatures, isothermal remanent magnetization to 1 Tesla, and the abundance of wasp-waist hysteresis loops, strongly suggest the presence of Ti-rich titanomagnetites as the main remanence carriers in both lava flows and lapilli, in addition to some hematite as well. Whereas the former has been directly seen (SEM), hematite is elusive with nonmagnetic-based methods. Rock magnetic data, on a Day plot, also reveal that the magnetic grain size tends to be larger in the lava flows than in the lapilli.
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8
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Kazemi-Ashtiyani M, Hajipour-Verdom B, Satari M, Abdolmaleki P, Hosseinkhani S, Shaki H. Estimating the two graph dextran-stearic acid-spermine polymers based on iron oxide nanoparticles as carrier for gene delivery. Biopolymers 2022; 113:e23491. [PMID: 35560028 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene carriers have shown noticeable potential in gene delivery because of limited side effects, biocompatibility, simplicity, and the ability to take advantage of electrostatic interactions. However, the low transfection rate of non-viral vectors under physiological conditions is controversial. This study aimed to decrease the transfection time using a static magnetic field. We used self-assembled cationic polysaccharides based on dextran-stearic acid-spermine (DSASP) conjugates associated with Fe3 O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles to investigate their potential as gene carriers to promote the target delivery. Our findings illustrate that the magnetic nanoparticles are spherical with a positive surface charge and exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. The DSASP-pDNA/Fe3 O4 complexes offered a strong pDNA condensation, protection against DNase degradation, and significant cell viability in HEK 293T cells. Our results demonstrated that although conjugation of stearic acid could play a role in transfection efficiency, DSASP magnetic carriers with more spermine derivatives showed better affinity between the amphiphilic polymer and the negatively charged cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behnam Hajipour-Verdom
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Satari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shaki
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Vargas-Ortíz JR, Böhnel HN, Gonzalez C, Esquivel K. Magnetic nanoparticle behavior evaluation on cardiac tissue contractility through Langendorff rat heart technique as a nanotoxicology parameter. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Han Y, Liu X, Zhao G, Lü B, Chen Q. Magnetic monitoring of topsoil and street dust in Xinyang (China) and their environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:602. [PMID: 34448076 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic measurement is an effective tool to identify the source of pollutants and diagnose the urban pollution. In this study, 132 group samples (that topsoil and street dust were sampled at the same location is regarded as a group) were collected from Xinyang, central eastern China. In addition, the background samples (19 topsoils under woodland around the outskirts) were also sampled. Herein, the aim was to investigate and compare the magnetic characteristics of both topsoil and street dust, and further to discuss the source and environmental implications using magnetic and diffuse reflection spectrum methods. The following points are highlighted: (1) the primary magnetic carrier of both materials was magnetite and that of the background sample were magnetite and maghemite. Furthermore, the ferrimagnetic mineral concentration and magnetic domain follow the order: street dust > topsoil > background sample. (2) The source of both materials was mainly from anthropogenic activities (e.g. industrial and traffic vehicles). The difference between them was the contribution related to natural sources (e.g. parent materials), which was negligible in street dust, and played a secondary role in topsoil. (3) Both materials showed that areas with a higher intensity of anthropogenic activities had higher pollution level, whereas areas with a lower anthropogenic intensity had lower pollution level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution (Henan Province), School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Guoyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution (Henan Province), School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China.
| | - Bin Lü
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Qu Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
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11
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Tarduno JA, Cottrell RD, Lawrence K, Bono RK, Huang W, Johnson CL, Blackman EG, Smirnov AV, Nakajima M, Neal CR, Zhou T, Ibanez-Mejia M, Oda H, Crummins B. Absence of a long-lived lunar paleomagnetosphere. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/32/eabi7647. [PMID: 34348904 PMCID: PMC8336955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Determining the presence or absence of a past long-lived lunar magnetic field is crucial for understanding how the Moon's interior and surface evolved. Here, we show that Apollo impact glass associated with a young 2 million-year-old crater records a strong Earth-like magnetization, providing evidence that impacts can impart intense signals to samples recovered from the Moon and other planetary bodies. Moreover, we show that silicate crystals bearing magnetic inclusions from Apollo samples formed at ∼3.9, 3.6, 3.3, and 3.2 billion years ago are capable of recording strong core dynamo-like fields but do not. Together, these data indicate that the Moon did not have a long-lived core dynamo. As a result, the Moon was not sheltered by a sustained paleomagnetosphere, and the lunar regolith should hold buried 3He, water, and other volatile resources acquired from solar winds and Earth's magnetosphere over some 4 billion years.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Tarduno
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Rory D Cottrell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | - Richard K Bono
- Geomagnetism Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Catherine L Johnson
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Eric G Blackman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Aleksey V Smirnov
- Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Physics Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Clive R Neal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Tinghong Zhou
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | - Hirokuni Oda
- Research Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan
| | - Ben Crummins
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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12
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Li M, Zhu S, Ouyang T, Tang J, Tang Z. Magnetic properties of the surface sediments in the Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China: Implications for monitoring heavy metals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124579. [PMID: 33339699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Estuary (YRE) and adjacent Laizhou Bay (LB) encounter eco-environmental risks caused by heavy metals (HMs) pollution. Here magnetic measurements were performed on 239 surface sediment samples from the YRE and LB to establish a rapid and effective method for detecting HMs. Magnetite, maghemite, and hematite coexist in the sediments. The distributions of magnetic minerals are dominated by sediment sources (Yellow River in northern and western LB, and rivers in southern and eastern coastal LB), and the anticlockwise water current. Compared to the background values, Cd content is enriched for all samples, while Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb contents are lower for most samples. The low pollution load indexes (PLI) of HMs (< 1-1.56) indicate the unpolluted to moderately polluted status, while the muddy area is the most polluted. The principal component analysis indicates that Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn are mainly from natural weathering substances, while Cd and Pb are anthropogenic. Contents of fine-grained sediments and magnetic particles are positively correlated to Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and PLI. The high-risk Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn regions can be quickly delineated with the frequency-dependent susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Li
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Shanying Zhu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Tingping Ouyang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| | - Zhihua Tang
- Integrated Technology Center, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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13
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Lakshmi BV, Deenadayalan K, Gawali PB, Misra S. Effects of Killari earthquake on the paleo-channel of Tirna River Basin from Central India using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20587. [PMID: 33239660 PMCID: PMC7689459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Killari Earthquake (Moment magnitude 6.1) of September 30, 1993, occurred in the state of Maharashtra, India, has an epicenter (18°03′ N, 76°33′ E) located at ~ 40 km SSW of Killari Town. The ~ 125 km long basin of Tirna River, close to the Killari Town, currently occupies the area that has witnessed episodic intra-cratonic earthquakes, including the Killari Earthquake, during last 800 years. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) study was performed on ~ 233 soft sedimentary core samples from six successions located in the upper to lower stream of the Tirna River basin in the present study in order to evaluate the effects of earthquake on the river flow dynamics and its future consequence. The AMS Kmax orientations of the samples from the upper reach of the river section suggest that the sedimentation in this part of the river was controlled by a N–S to NNW–SSE fluvial regime with a low or medium flow velocity. In the middle reaches of the basin, an abrupt shift in the palaeo-flow direction occurred to W–E with low velocity flow. However, a NW–SE higher palaeo-flow regime is identified in the following central part of the basin in down-stream direction, followed by a low-velocity palaeo-flow regime at the lower reach of the Tirna basin. We attribute the sudden high flow velocity regime in the central part of the river basin to an enhanced gradient of the river that resulted from the reactivation of a NW–SE fault transecting the Tirna River basin at the Killari Town. As the NW–SE faulting in regional scale is attributed as the main cause of Killari Earthquake, the reactivation of this fault, thus, could enhance the further possibility of an earthquake in near future, and hence leading to devastating flood in the almost flat-lying downstream part of the Tirna River.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Lakshmi
- Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, 410218, India.
| | - K Deenadayalan
- Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, 410218, India
| | - Praveen B Gawali
- Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, 410218, India
| | - Saumitra Misra
- Discipline of Geological Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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14
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Ulbrich KF, Paes VZC, Geshev J, Campos CEM. Structure, microstructure and magnetic investigation of the hexagonal δ-FeSe nanophase produced by mechanochemical synthesis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39406-39412. [PMID: 35515362 PMCID: PMC9057430 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a systematic structural, microstructural and magnetic characterization of the hexagonal δ-FeSe nanophase produced by a simple one-step mechanochemical synthesis route, by using conventional X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Rietveld refinement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetometry techniques. We observed the simultaneous formation of tetragonal β-FeSe and δ-FeSe after 3 h of milling (with minor amounts of unreacted iron), followed by complete β-FeSe → δ-FeSe phase transition as milling time increases to 6 h (no unreacted iron). The average crystallite size of the δ-FeSe phase of about 16 nm after 3 h milling time decreases by about 31% up to the final milling time (24 h). TEM images and electron diffraction patterns confirm the nanometric size of the crystalline domains in the irregularly-shaped agglomerated particles. Two ferromagnetic phases with distinct coercivity spectra were assumed here by considering an assembly of randomly-oriented weakly-anisotropic ferromagnetic particles, mixed at a 4 to 6 volume ratio with other randomly-oriented ferromagnetic grains. Four years after synthesis, the aged samples milled for less than 9 h revealed a certain amount of the β-FeSe phase that slightly affects the δ-FeSe (micro)structure but causes some variations (decreasing) in magnetic parameters. Milling times as long as 12 h were shown to be necessary to guarantee the δ-FeSe nanophase stability and to retain its magnetic properties over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Ulbrich
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis 88040-970 Brazil +55 48 37212868
| | - V Z C Paes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre 91501-970 Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - J Geshev
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre 91501-970 Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - C E M Campos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis 88040-970 Brazil +55 48 37212868
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15
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Calderón JA, Mesa F, Dussan A, González-Hernandez R, Ramirez JG. The effect of Mn2Sb2 and Mn2Sb secondary phases on magnetism in (GaMn)Sb thin films. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231538. [PMID: 32294133 PMCID: PMC7159204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a detailed study of structural, electrical and magnetic characterization of (GaMn)Sb diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) is presented. (GaMn)Sb thin films were grown by DC magnetron co-sputtering method as an innovative procedure to fabricate III-V DMS. The presence of unusual Mn2Sb2 and Mn2Sb secondary phases, induced by substrate temperature and deposition time, were revealed through XRD measurements. Magnetization measurements allow determining crossover between a paramagnetic-like to a ferromagnetic-like behavior controlled by secondary phases. It was found that both, the magnetic remanence and magnetic coercivity, increases with substrate temperature. Interestingly, the magnetic response is paramagnetic at lower deposition times and substrate temperatures, and XRD measurements suggest the absence of Mn2Sb and Mn2Sb2 in secondary phases. For longer deposition times or higher substrate temperature, XRD shows the presence of Mn2Sb2 and Mn2Sb phases and ferromagnetic-like behavior. The DC resistivity of our samples was characterized and the carrier density was determined by Hall measurements and, in contrast with the reported in other studies, found them to be a p-type semiconductor with carrier densities as big as one order of magnitude larger than reported values. From the ferromagnetic-like samples, evidence of an anomalous Hall-effect in the sample was found, with higher magnetic saturation and a anomalous Hall conductivity of 2380 S/cm. All the results point to a contribution of the secondary phases to the overall magnetic response of the samples used, and suggest the importance of studying the formation of secondary phases in the growth of DMS, especially, for the case of (GaMn)Sb where Mn ion can have multiple oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Calderón
- Departamento de Física, Grupo de Materiales Nanoestructurados y sus Aplicaciones, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F. Mesa
- Universidad del Rosario, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NanoTech Group, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - A. Dussan
- Departamento de Física, Grupo de Materiales Nanoestructurados y sus Aplicaciones, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - R. González-Hernandez
- Departamento de Física, Grupo de Investigación en Física Aplicada, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Nikolić VN, Milić MM, Zdravković JD, Spasojević V. Origin of the Intrinsic Coercivity Field Variations and Magnetic Study of ε-Fe2O3. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024419030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Fan X, Xiao J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Tang B. Novel Magnetic-to-Thermal Conversion and Thermal Energy Management Composite Phase Change Material. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10060585. [PMID: 30966619 PMCID: PMC6404046 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic materials have elicited increasing interest due to their high-efficiency magnetothermal conversion. However, it is difficult to effectively manage the magnetothermal energy due to the continuous magnetothermal effect at present. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel Fe3O4/PEG/SiO2 composite phase change material (PCM) that can simultaneously realize magnetic-to-thermal conversion and thermal energy management because of outstanding thermal energy storage ability of PCM. The composite was fabricated by in situ doping of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoclusters through a simple sol–gel method. The synthesized Fe3O4/PEG/SiO2 PCM exhibited good thermal stability, high phase change enthalpy, and excellent shape-stabilized property. This study provides an additional promising route for application of the magnetothermal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jinqiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wentao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Bingtao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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18
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A compositional tipping point governing the mobilization and eruption style of rhyolitic magma. Nature 2018; 552:235-238. [PMID: 29239352 DOI: 10.1038/nature24488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The most viscous volcanic melts and the largest explosive eruptions on our planet consist of calcalkaline rhyolites. These eruptions have the potential to influence global climate. The eruptive products are commonly very crystal-poor and highly degassed, yet the magma is mostly stored as crystal mushes containing small amounts of interstitial melt with elevated water content. It is unclear how magma mushes are mobilized to create large batches of eruptible crystal-free magma. Further, rhyolitic eruptions can switch repeatedly between effusive and explosive eruption styles and this transition is difficult to attribute to the rheological effects of water content or crystallinity. Here we measure the viscosity of a series of melts spanning the compositional range of the Yellowstone volcanic system and find that in a narrow compositional zone, melt viscosity increases by up to two orders of magnitude. These viscosity variations are not predicted by current viscosity models and result from melt structure reorganization, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. We identify a critical compositional tipping point, independently documented in the global geochemical record of rhyolites, at which rhyolitic melts fluidize or stiffen and that clearly separates effusive from explosive deposits worldwide. This correlation between melt structure, viscosity and eruptive behaviour holds despite the variable water content and other parameters, such as temperature, that are inherent in natural eruptions. Thermodynamic modelling demonstrates how the observed subtle compositional changes that result in fluidization or stiffening of the melt can be induced by crystal growth from the melt or variation in oxygen fugacity. However, the rheological effects of water and crystal content alone cannot explain the correlation between composition and eruptive style. We conclude that the composition of calcalkaline rhyolites is decisive in determining the mobilization and eruption dynamics of Earth's largest volcanic systems, resulting in a better understanding of how the melt structure controls volcanic processes.
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Li J, Menguy N, Arrio MA, Sainctavit P, Juhin A, Wang Y, Chen H, Bunau O, Otero E, Ohresser P, Pan Y. Controlled cobalt doping in the spinel structure of magnetosome magnetite: new evidences from element- and site-specific X-ray magnetic circular dichroism analyses. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0355. [PMID: 27512138 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomineralization of magnetite nanocrystals (called magnetosomes) by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) has attracted intense interest in biology, geology and materials science due to the precise morphology of the particles, the chain-like assembly and their unique magnetic properties. Great efforts have been recently made in producing transition metal-doped magnetosomes with modified magnetic properties for a range of applications. Despite some successful outcomes, the coordination chemistry and magnetism of such metal-doped magnetosomes still remain largely unknown. Here, we present new evidences from X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) for element- and site-specific magnetic analyses that cobalt is incorporated in the spinel structure of the magnetosomes within Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 through the replacement of Fe(2+) ions by Co(2+) ions in octahedral (Oh) sites of magnetite. Both XMCD at Fe and Co L2,3 edges, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal a heterogeneous distribution of cobalt occurring either in different particles or inside individual particles. Compared with non-doped one, cobalt-doped magnetosome sample has lower Verwey transition temperature and larger magnetic coercivity, related to the amount of doped cobalt. This study also demonstrates that the addition of trace cobalt in the growth medium can significantly improve both the cell growth and the magnetosome formation within M. magneticum AMB-1. Together with the cobalt occupancy within the spinel structure of magnetosomes, this study indicates that MTB may provide a promising biomimetic system for producing chains of metal-doped single-domain magnetite with an appropriate tuning of the magnetic properties for technological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Arrio
- IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Sainctavit
- IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Amélie Juhin
- IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yinzhao Wang
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Oana Bunau
- IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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20
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Londoño-Calderón CL, Moscoso-Londoño O, Muraca D, Arzuza L, Carvalho P, Pirota KR, Knobel M, Pampillo LG, Martínez-García R. Synthesis and magnetic properties of cobalt-iron/cobalt-ferrite soft/hard magnetic core/shell nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:245605. [PMID: 28452330 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward method for the synthesis of CoFe2.7/CoFe2O4 core/shell nanowires is described. The proposed method starts with a conventional pulsed electrodeposition procedure on alumina nanoporous template. The obtained CoFe2.7 nanowires are released from the template and allowed to oxidize at room conditions over several weeks. The effects of partial oxidation on the structural and magnetic properties were studied by x-ray spectrometry, magnetometry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the final nanowires are composed of 5 nm iron-cobalt alloy nanoparticles. Releasing the nanowires at room conditions promoted surface oxidation of the nanoparticles and created a CoFe2O4 shell spinel-like structure. The shell avoids internal oxidation and promotes the formation of bi-magnetic soft/hard magnetic core/shell nanowires. The magnetic properties of both the initial single-phase CoFe2.7 nanowires and the final core/shell nanowires, reveal that the changes in the properties from the array are due to the oxidation more than effects associated with released processes (disorder and agglomeration).
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Affiliation(s)
- César Leandro Londoño-Calderón
- Institute of Polymer Technology and Nanotechnology (ITPN-CONICET), Faculty of Engineering, University of Buenos Aires, CP 1127, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Archaeointensity results spanning the past 6 kiloyears from eastern China and implications for extreme behaviors of the geomagnetic field. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:39-44. [PMID: 27980031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616976114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations of the Earth's geomagnetic field during the Holocene are important for understanding centennial to millennial-scale processes of the Earth's deep interior and have enormous potential implications for chronological correlations (e.g., comparisons between different sedimentary recording sequences, archaeomagnetic dating). Here, we present 21 robust archaeointensity data points from eastern China spanning the past ∼6 kyr. These results add significantly to the published data both regionally and globally. Taking together, we establish an archaeointensity reference curve for Eastern Asia, which can be used for archaeomagnetic dating in this region. Virtual axial dipole moments (VADMs) of the data range from a Holocene-wide low of ∼27 to "spike" values of ∼166 ZAm2 (Z: 1021). The results, in conjunction with our recently published data, confirm the existence of a decrease in paleointensity (DIP) in China around ∼2200 BCE. These low intensities are the lowest ever found for the Holocene and have not been reported outside of China. We also report a spike intensity of 165.8 ± 6.0 ZAm2 at ∼1300 BCE (±300 y), which is either a prelude to or the same event (within age uncertainties) as spikes first reported in the Levant.
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Donphai W, Piriyawate N, Witoon T, Jantaratana P, Varabuntoonvit V, Chareonpanich M. Effect of magnetic field on CO2 conversion over Cu-ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst in hydrogenation reaction. J CO2 UTIL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Pohlit M, Eibisch P, Akbari M, Porrati F, Huth M, Müller J. First order reversal curves (FORC) analysis of individual magnetic nanostructures using micro-Hall magnetometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:113907. [PMID: 27910450 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alongside the development of artificially created magnetic nanostructures, micro-Hall magnetometry has proven to be a versatile tool to obtain high-resolution hysteresis loop data and access dynamical properties. Here we explore the application of First Order Reversal Curves (FORC)-a technique well-established in the field of paleomagnetism for studying grain-size and interaction effects in magnetic rocks-to individual and dipolar-coupled arrays of magnetic nanostructures using micro-Hall sensors. A proof-of-principle experiment performed on a macroscopic piece of a floppy disk as a reference sample well known in the literature demonstrates that the FORC diagrams obtained by magnetic stray field measurements using home-built magnetometers are in good agreement with magnetization data obtained by a commercial vibrating sample magnetometer. We discuss in detail the FORC diagrams and their interpretation of three different representative magnetic systems, prepared by the direct-write Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID) technique: (1) an isolated Co-nanoisland showing a simple square-shaped hysteresis loop, (2) a more complex CoFe-alloy nanoisland exhibiting a wasp-waist-type hysteresis, and (3) a cluster of interacting Co-nanoislands. Our findings reveal that the combination of FORC and micro-Hall magnetometry is a promising tool to investigate complex magnetization reversal processes within individual or small ensembles of nanomagnets grown by FEBID or other fabrication methods. The method provides sub-μm spatial resolution and bridges the gap of FORC analysis, commonly used for studying macroscopic samples and rather large arrays, to studies of small ensembles of interacting nanoparticles with the high moment sensitivity inherent to micro-Hall magnetometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Pohlit
- Institute of Physics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Paul Eibisch
- Institute of Physics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Institute of Physics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Porrati
- Institute of Physics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Huth
- Institute of Physics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Physics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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24
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Schnepp E, Leonhardt R, Korte M, Klett-Drechsel J. Validity of archaeomagnetic field recording: an experimental pottery kiln at Coppengrave, Germany. GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 2016; 205:622-635. [PMID: 27274700 DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Palaeomagnetic data obtained from archaeological materials are used for reconstructions of the Earth's magnetic field of the past millennia. While many studies tested the reliability of this recorder for palaeointensity only a few studies did this for direction. The study presents an archaeomagnetic and rock magnetic investigation applied to an experimental pottery kiln, which was operated in 2003 to produce stone ware. This kind of high-quality pottery needs a temperature of at least 1160 °C. Shortly before heating of the kiln direct absolute measurements of the absolute geomagnetic field vector have been carried out close to it. After cooling of the kiln 24 oriented palaeomagnetic samples have been taken. Although Curie temperatures are about 580 °C, that is the typical temperature for magnetite, thermal as well as alternating field demagnetisations reveal also a considerable amount of hematite as magnetic carrier. This mixture of magnetite and hematite is dominated by pseudo-single domain grains. Demagnetisation removed in some cases weak secondary components, but in most cases the specimens carried a single component thermoremanent magnetisation. The mean characteristic remanent magnetisation direction agrees on 95 per cent confidence level with the directly measured field direction. Archaeointensity was obtained from five specimens with the Thellier-Coe method and with the multiple-specimen palaeointensity domain-state corrected method. Six of these specimens also provided a result of the Dekkers-Böhnel method, which overestimated the archaeointensity by about 9 per cent compared to the direct value, while after correction for fraction the value agrees very well. For the multiple-specimen palaeointensity domain-state corrected method only fractions between 25 and 75 per cent have been used and specimens showing alteration have been excluded. Above 450 °C many specimens showed alteration of the magnetic grains. Because median destructive temperatures were often above this value in most cases the fraction was less than 50 per cent. Nevertheless the obtained intensity (48.48 ± 0.24 μ) is on 95 per cent confidence level in agreement with the direct observation. Behaviour of the specimens during the Thellier-experiments was not ideal because of narrow unblocking temperature spectra and alteration. Nevertheless, the obtained mean archaeointensity is also in agreement with the direct field observation. Here the relative palaeointensity error is about 6 per cent and very high compared the multiple-specimen palaeointensity domain-state corrected method. The investigation demonstrates that a pottery kiln can provide a very precise estimate of the ancient geomagnetic field vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schnepp
- Palaeomagnetic Laboratory Gams, Chair of Geophysics, University of Leoben, Gams 45, A-8170 Frohnleiten, Austria, E-mail:
| | - Roman Leonhardt
- Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, CONRAD Observatorium, Hohe Warte 38, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Monika Korte
- Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Behlertstraße 3a, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Johannes Klett-Drechsel
- KERAMIK UM, Ausstellungs- und Aktionshaus Fredelsloh, Am Kapellenbrunnen 5, D-37186 Fredelsloh, Germany
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25
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Andersson RL, Cabedo L, Hedenqvist MS, Olsson RT, Ström V. Superparamagnetic [sic] nanofibers by electrospinning. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27791d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetically ultra-soft and anisotropic electrospun fibre mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Andersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - L. Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA)
- Universitat Jaume I
- 12071 Castellón de la Plana
- Spain
| | - M. S. Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - R. T. Olsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - V. Ström
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
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26
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Porrati F, Pohlit M, Müller J, Barth S, Biegger F, Gspan C, Plank H, Huth M. Direct writing of CoFe alloy nanostructures by focused electron beam induced deposition from a heteronuclear precursor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:475701. [PMID: 26535785 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/47/475701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, focused electron beam-induced deposition has been employed to prepare functional magnetic nanostructures with potential in nanomagnetic logic and sensing applications by using homonuclear precursor gases like Fe(CO)5 or Co2(CO)8. Here we show that an extension towards the fabrication of bi-metallic compounds is possible by using a single-source heteronuclear precursor gas. We have grown CoFe alloy magnetic nanostructures from the HFeCo3(CO)12 metal carbonyl precursor. The compositional analysis indicates that the samples contain about 80 at% of metal and 10 at% of carbon and oxygen. Four-probe magnetotransport measurements are carried out on nanowires of various sizes down to a width of 50 nm, for which a room temperature resistivity of 43 μΩcm is found. Micro-Hall magnetometry reveals that 50 nm × 250 nm nanobars of the material are ferromagnetic up to the highest measured temperature of 250 K. Finally, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) microstructural investigation shows that the deposits consist of a bcc Co-Fe phase mixed with a FeCo2 O4 spinel oxide phase with nanograins of about 5 nm diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Porrati
- Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Spadaro MC, D'Addato S, Luches P, Valeri S, Grillo V, Rotunno E, Roldan MA, Pennycook SJ, Ferretti AM, Capetti E, Ponti A. Tunability of exchange bias in Ni@NiO core-shell nanoparticles obtained by sequential layer deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:405704. [PMID: 26376605 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/40/405704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Films of magnetic Ni@NiO core-shell nanoparticles (NPs, core diameter d ≅ 12 nm, nominal shell thickness variable between 0 and 6.5 nm) obtained with sequential layer deposition were investigated, to gain insight into the relationships between shell thickness/morphology, core-shell interface, and magnetic properties. Different values of NiO shell thickness t(s) could be obtained while keeping the Ni core size fixed, at variance with conventional oxidation procedures where the oxide shell is grown at the expense of the core. Chemical composition, morphology of the as-produced samples and structural features of the Ni/NiO interface were investigated with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopy (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy) techniques, and related with results from magnetic measurements obtained with a superconducting quantum interference device. The effect of the shell thickness on the magnetic properties could be studied. The exchange bias (EB) field H(bias) is small and almost constant for ts up to 1.6 nm; then it rapidly grows, with no sign of saturation. This behavior is clearly related to the morphology of the top NiO layer, and is mostly due to the thickness dependence of the NiO anisotropy constant. The ability to tune the EB effect by varying the thickness of the last NiO layer represents a step towards the rational design and synthesis of core-shell NPs with desired magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Spadaro
- CNR-NANO, via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy. Dipartimento FIM, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Vallverdú J, Saladié P, Rosas A, Huguet R, Cáceres I, Mosquera M, Garcia-Tabernero A, Estalrrich A, Lozano-Fernández I, Pineda-Alcalá A, Carrancho Á, Villalaín JJ, Bourlès D, Braucher R, Lebatard A, Vilalta J, Esteban-Nadal M, Bennàsar ML, Bastir M, López-Polín L, Ollé A, Vergés JM, Ros-Montoya S, Martínez-Navarro B, García A, Martinell J, Expósito I, Burjachs F, Agustí J, Carbonell E. Age and date for early arrival of the Acheulian in Europe (Barranc de la Boella, la Canonja, Spain). PLoS One 2014; 9:e103634. [PMID: 25076416 PMCID: PMC4116235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first arrivals of hominin populations into Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene are currently considered to have occurred as short and poorly dated biological dispersions. Questions as to the tempo and mode of these early prehistoric settlements have given rise to debates concerning the taxonomic significance of the lithic assemblages, as trace fossils, and the geographical distribution of the technological traditions found in the Lower Palaeolithic record. Here, we report on the Barranc de la Boella site which has yielded a lithic assemblage dating to ∼1 million years ago that includes large cutting tools (LCT). We argue that distinct technological traditions coexisted in the Iberian archaeological repertoires of the late Early Pleistocene age in a similar way to the earliest sub-Saharan African artefact assemblages. These differences between stone tool assemblages may be attributed to the different chronologies of hominin dispersal events. The archaeological record of Barranc de la Boella completes the geographical distribution of LCT assemblages across southern Eurasia during the EMPT (Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition, circa 942 to 641 kyr). Up to now, chronology of the earliest European LCT assemblages is based on the abundant Palaeolithic record found in terrace river sequences which have been dated to the end of the EMPT and later. However, the findings at Barranc de la Boella suggest that early LCT lithic assemblages appeared in the SW of Europe during earlier hominin dispersal episodes before the definitive colonization of temperate Eurasia took place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Vallverdú
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Unit associated to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento de Paleobiología. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (J. Vallverdú); (AR)
| | - Palmira Saladié
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Grupo Quaternário e Pré-História do Centro de Geociências (GQP-CG), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra (UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antonio Rosas
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unit associated to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento de Paleobiología. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (J. Vallverdú); (AR)
| | - Rosa Huguet
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Unit associated to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento de Paleobiología. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cáceres
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marina Mosquera
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Tabernero
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Estalrrich
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Lozano-Fernández
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Alcalá
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ángel Carrancho
- Laboratorio de Paleomagnetismo. Departamento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Burgos (UBU), Burgos, Spain
- Área de Prehistoria, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos (UBU), Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan José Villalaín
- Laboratorio de Paleomagnetismo. Departamento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Burgos (UBU), Burgos, Spain
| | - Didier Bourlès
- Laboratoire National des Nucléides Cosmogéniques, Centre de Recherche et d’Enseignement de Géosciences de l’Environnement (CEREGE), Université Aix-Marseille (UAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-UM34), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Régis Braucher
- Laboratoire National des Nucléides Cosmogéniques, Centre de Recherche et d’Enseignement de Géosciences de l’Environnement (CEREGE), Université Aix-Marseille (UAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-UM34), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Anne Lebatard
- Laboratoire National des Nucléides Cosmogéniques, Centre de Recherche et d’Enseignement de Géosciences de l’Environnement (CEREGE), Université Aix-Marseille (UAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-UM34), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jaume Vilalta
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Esteban-Nadal
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Lluc Bennàsar
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcus Bastir
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía López-Polín
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andreu Ollé
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Vergés
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana García
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Martinell
- Departament d’Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Expósito
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Burjachs
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Agustí
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eudald Carbonell
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Facultat de Lletres. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Visiting professor, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing (IVPP), Beijing, China
- Unit associated to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento de Paleobiología. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Madrid, Spain
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Burial Diagenesis of Magnetic Minerals: New Insights from the Grès d’Annot Transect (SE France). MINERALS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/min4030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ting CHEN, Zhang-Hua WANG, Xiao-Ke QIANG, Chun-Yan MA, Qing ZHAN. Mineral Magnetic Properties and Late Quaternary Transgressions Recorded by the Borehole WJ in the Taihu Plain, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjg2.20060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CHEN Ting
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology; Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xi'an 710075 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Department of Geography; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - WANG Zhang-Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - QIANG Xiao-Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology; Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xi'an 710075 China
| | - MA Chun-Yan
- Department of Geography; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - ZHAN Qing
- Department of Geography; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
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Vereda F, Morales MDP, Rodríguez-González B, Vicente JD, Hidalgo-Alvarez R. Control of surface morphology and internal structure in magnetite microparticles: from smooth single crystals to rough polycrystals. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40424b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Yathindranath V, Ganesh V, Worden M, Inokuchi M, Hegmann T. Highly crystalline iron/iron oxide nanosheets via lyotropic liquid crystal templating. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Roberts AP, Chang L, Heslop D, Florindo F, Larrasoaña JC. Searching for single domain magnetite in the “pseudo-single-domain” sedimentary haystack: Implications of biogenic magnetite preservation for sediment magnetism and relative paleointensity determinations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jb009412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Van Der Voo R, Torsvik TH. The history of remagnetization of sedimentary rocks: deceptions, developments and discoveries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1144/sp371.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRemagnetizations have been recognized ever since magnetizations in rocks were demonstrably shown to have been acquired at a much later time than the formation or deposition of the rocks themselves. There was mention of remagnetizations as early as the 1950s, and in the 1960s the concept was frequently hypothesized as an explanation for repetitions and loops in apparent polar wander paths. In this paper, remagnetization features and processes are organized by magnetic carrier: hematite, magnetite, Fe-sulphides and goethite. Selected case histories are presented which are chosen in order to reveal important diagnostics, although many origins of remagnetizations are still obscure or incompletely known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Van Der Voo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005, USA
- Center for Advanced Study, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N 0271 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond H. Torsvik
- Center for Advanced Study, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N 0271 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Postboks 1048 Blindern 0316, Oslo, 7 Norway
- Centre for Geodynamics, Norwegian Geological Survey, Leiv Erikssons vei 39, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa
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35
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Jackson M, Swanson-Hysell NL. Rock magnetism of remagnetized carbonate rocks: another look. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1144/sp371.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAuthigenic formation of fine-grained magnetite is responsible for widespread chemical remagnetization of many carbonate rocks. Authigenic magnetite grains, dominantly in the superparamagnetic and stable single-domain size range, also give rise to distinctive rock-magnetic properties, now commonly used as a ‘fingerprint’ of remagnetization. We re-examine the basis of this association in terms of magnetic mineralogy and particle-size distribution in remagnetized carbonates having these characteristic rock-magnetic properties, including ‘wasp-waisted’ hysteresis loops, high ratios of anhysteretic remanence to saturation remanence and frequency-dependent susceptibility. New measurements on samples from the Helderberg Group allow us to quantify the proportions of superparamagnetic, stable single-domain and larger grains, and to evaluate the mineralogical composition of the remanence carriers. The dominant magnetic phase is magnetite-like, with sufficient impurity to completely suppress the Verwey transition. Particle sizes are extremely fine: approximately 75% of the total magnetite content is superparamagnetic at room temperature and almost all of the rest is stable single-domain. Although it has been proposed that the single-domain magnetite in these remagnetized carbonates lacks shape anisotropy (and is therefore controlled by cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy), we have found strong experimental evidence that cubic anisotropy is not an important underlying factor in the rock-magnetic signature of chemical remagnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jackson
- Institute for Rock Magnetism, Winchell School of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, US
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36
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Kharwanlang RS, Shukla P. Analysis of wasp-waisted hysteresis loops in magnetic rocks. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:011124. [PMID: 22400529 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.011124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The random-field Ising model of hysteresis is generalized to dilute magnets and is solved on a Bethe lattice. Exact expressions for the major and minor hysteresis loops are obtained. In the strongly dilute limit the model provides a simple and useful understanding of the shapes of hysteresis loops in magnetic rock samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Kharwanlang
- Physics Department, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793 022, India
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Tian L, Cao C, Pan Y. The influence of reaction temperature on biomineralization of ferrihydrite cores in human H-ferritin. Biometals 2011; 25:193-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Tian L, Cao C, Liu Q, Pan Y. Low-temperature magnetic properties of horse spleen ferritin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Cao C, Tian L, Liu Q, Liu W, Chen G, Pan Y. Magnetic characterization of noninteracting, randomly oriented, nanometer-scale ferrimagnetic particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb006855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Paterson GA, Muxworthy AR, Roberts AP, Mac Niocaill C. Assessment of the usefulness of lithic clasts from pyroclastic deposits for paleointensity determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb006475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Song Y, Henry LL, Yang W. Stable amorphous cobalt nanoparticles formed by an in situ rapidly cooling microfluidic process. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10209-10217. [PMID: 19601562 DOI: 10.1021/la9009866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The controlled synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) with stable crystal structures and stable physical and chemical properties is a key issue for commercial applications. The use of a microfluidic reactor (MR) process has proven to be a flexible approach to control the fine crystal structures and the magnetic properties during the ripening and aging of the NPs. We have developed an in situ rapidly cooling microfluidic process (IRCMP) in which Co NPs with stable crystal structures and magnetic properties are synthesized by using elevated reaction temperatures followed by rapid quenching of the colloids to reduced temperatures. The Co NPs that are obtained by this process demonstrate stable crystal structures and stable magnetic properties for a much longer period of time (at least 3 months) than for Co NPs obtained by performing the reaction and the quenching processes at room temperature or under sonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Song
- Key State Laboratory of Aerospace Materials & Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Wang L, Pan Y, Li J, Qin H. Magnetic properties related to thermal treatment of pyrite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11430-008-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Goetz W, Leer K, Gunnlaugsson HP, Bartlett P, Basso B, Bell J, Bertelsen P, Binau CS, Chu PC, Gorevan S, Hansen MF, Hviid SF, Kinch KM, Klingelhöfer G, Kusack A, Madsen MB, Ming DW, Morris RV, Mumm E, Myrick T, Olsen M, Squyres SW, Wilson J, Yen A. Search for magnetic minerals in Martian rocks: Overview of the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) magnet investigation on Spirit and Opportunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Enkin RJ, Baker J, Nourgaliev D, Iassonov P, Hamilton TS. Magnetic hysteresis parameters and Day plot analysis to characterize diagenetic alteration in gas hydrate-bearing sediments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Brem F, Hirt AM, Winklhofer M, Frei K, Yonekawa Y, Wieser HG, Dobson J. Magnetic iron compounds in the human brain: a comparison of tumour and hippocampal tissue. J R Soc Interface 2007; 3:833-41. [PMID: 17015303 PMCID: PMC1885366 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2006.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a central element in the metabolism of normal and malignant cells. Abnormalities in iron and ferritin expression have been observed in many types of cancer. Interest in characterizing iron compounds in the human brain has increased due to advances in determining a relationship between excess iron accumulation and neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, four different magnetic methods have been employed to characterize the iron phases and magnetic properties of brain tumour (meningiomas) tissues and non-tumour hippocampal tissues. Four main magnetic components can be distinguished: the diamagnetic matrix, nearly paramagnetic blood, antiferromagnetic ferrihydrite cores of ferritin and ferrimagnetic magnetite and/or maghemite. For the first time, open hysteresis loops have been observed on human brain tissue at room temperature. The hysteresis properties indicate the presence of magnetite and/or maghemite particles that exhibit stable single-domain (SD) behaviour at room temperature. A significantly higher concentration of magnetically ordered magnetite and/or maghemite and a higher estimated concentration of heme iron was found in the meningioma samples. First-order reversal curve diagrams on meningioma tissue further show that the stable SD particles are magnetostatically interacting, implying high-local concentrations (clustering) of these particles in brain tumours. These findings suggest that brain tumour tissue contains an elevated amount of remanent iron oxide phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Brem
- Institute of GeophysicsETH-Hönggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ann M Hirt
- Institute of GeophysicsETH-Hönggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Author for correspondence ()
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Munich80333 München, Germany
| | - Karl Frei
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasuhiro Yonekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jon Dobson
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele UniversityStoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
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48
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Magnetic signature of heavy metals pollution of sediments: case study from the East Lake in Wuhan, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Jackson M, Carter-Stiglitz B, Egli R, Solheid P. Characterizing the superparamagnetic grain distributionf(V,Hk) by thermal fluctuation tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jackson
- Institute for Rock Magnetism, Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Brian Carter-Stiglitz
- Institute for Rock Magnetism, Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Ramon Egli
- Institute for Rock Magnetism, Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Peter Solheid
- Institute for Rock Magnetism, Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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50
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Smirnov AV. Memory of the magnetic field applied during cooling in the low-temperature phase of magnetite: Grain size dependence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Smirnov
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut USA
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