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Song J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yuan Q, Zhao Y, Wang X, Zou S, Xu W, Lai S. A case study on the characterization of non-methane hydrocarbons over the South China Sea: Implication of land-sea air exchange. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:134754. [PMID: 31837869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the characteristics of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) over the northern South China Sea (SCS) during a cruise campaign from September to October 2013. The mixing ratios of the total NMHCs ranged from 1.45 to 7.13 ppbv with an average of 3.54 ± 1.81 ppbv. Among the measured NMHCs, alkanes and aromatics were the major groups, accounting for 45.8 ± 8.7% and 28.7 ± 12.3% of the total NMHCs, respectively. Correlations of NMHCs with typical source tracers suggest that light alkanes and benzene were largely contributed by vehicular exhaust via long-range transport, while the other aromatics might be related to industrial sources and marine ship emissions. The spatial variations of NMHCs were observed with higher mixing ratios of NMHCs in the samples collected in the offshore areas than those in the coastal areas. Air mass back-trajectory analysis and diagnostic ratios of NMHCs show that the elevations of the total NMHCs were caused by the regional pollution transport from the southeast coast of China and/or southern China. The ozone formation potentials (OFPs) of NMHCs were calculated and the results show that the aromatics associated with marine ship emissions were the important contributors to the total OFP. This study provides useful information on the interaction between continental outflow and marine atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Song
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senchao Lai
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Song J, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Ho KF, Yuan Z, Ling Z, Niu X, Gao Y, Cui L, Louie PKK, Lee SC, Lai S. Seasonal variations of C 1-C 4 alkyl nitrates at a coastal site in Hong Kong: Influence of photochemical formation and oceanic emissions. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:275-284. [PMID: 29216547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Five C1-C4 alkyl nitrates (RONO2) were measured at a coastal site in Hong Kong in four selected months of 2011 and 2012. The total mixing ratios of C1-C4 RONO2 (Σ5RONO2) ranged from 15.4 to 143.7 pptv with an average of 65.9 ± 33.0 pptv. C3-C4 RONO2 (2-butyl nitrate and 2-propyl nitrate) were the most abundant RONO2 during the entire sampling period. The mixing ratios of C3-C4 RONO2 were higher in winter than those in summer, while the ones of methyl nitrate (MeONO2) were higher in summer than those in winter. Source analysis suggests that C2-C4 RONO2 were mainly derived from photochemical formation along with biomass burning (58.3-71.6%), while ocean was a major contributor to MeONO2 (53.8%) during the whole sampling period. The photochemical evolution of C2-C4 RONO2 was investigated, and found to be dominantly produced by the parent hydrocarbon oxidation. The notable enrichment of MeONO2 over C3-C4 RONO2 was observed in a summer episode when the air masses originating from the South China Sea (SCS) and MeONO2 was dominantly derived from oceanic emissions. In order to improve the accuracy of ozone (O3) prediction in coastal environment, the relative contribution of RONO2 from oceanic emissions versus photochemical formation and their coupling effects on O3 production should be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Zibing Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhao Ling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Peter K K Louie
- Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | - Senchao Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Lal S, Sahu LK, Venkataramani S, Mallik C. Light non-methane hydrocarbons at two sites in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:1159-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em10682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Salau OR, Warneke T, Notholt J, Shim C, Li Q, Xiao Y. Tropospheric trace gases at Bremen measured with FTIR spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2009; 11:1529-1534. [PMID: 19657539 DOI: 10.1039/b903198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The total column densities of acetylene (C(2)H(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ethane (C(2)H(6)) measured in Bremen (Germany, 53.107 degrees N, 8.854 degrees E) were compared with data from Mace Head/Ireland (MHD) and GEOS-Chem model simulations. The data were obtained between August 2002 and October 2006 with the ground based high resolution Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectrometry, using the sun as the light source. The analysis showed good agreements between all the three data sets for the seasonal cycle of CO. Enhancements in summer 2003 and summer 2004 due to influence of biomass burning were identified in all three data sets. The high correlations between C(2)H(6) and C(2)H(2), C(2)H(2) and CO, and for C(2)H(6) and CO support the similarities in their sources and sinks. The results suggest that the background air in Bremen is mainly influenced by long-ranged transport of biomass burning products. Local pollution plays a minor role for the measurements performed in Bremen.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Salau
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Kim YM, Lee M, Chang W, Lee G, Kim KR, Kato S. Atmospheric peroxides over the North Pacific during IOC 2002 shipboard experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 69:1638-46. [PMID: 17662342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide and methyl hydroperoxide were determined onboard the Melville over the North Pacific from Osaka to Honolulu during May-June 2002. The concentrations of H(2)O(2) and CH(3)OOH increased from 0.64+/-0.57 ppbv and 0.27+/-0.59 ppbv in subpolar region (30-50 degrees N) to 1.96+/-0.95 ppbv and 1.56+/-1.3 ppbv in subtropical region (24-30 degrees N). The increase in concentrations towards the Equator was more pronounced for CH(3)OOH than H(2)O(2). In contrast, the levels of O(3) and CO were decreased at lower latitudes as air mass was more aged, denoted by the ratios of C(2)H(2)/CO and C(3)H(8)/C(2)H(6). CH(3)OOH concentrations showed a clear diurnal variation with a maximum around noon and minimum before sunrise. Frequently, the concentrations of peroxides remained over 1 ppbv in the dark and even gradually increased after sunset. In addition, the ratios of C(2)H(4)/C(2)H(6) and C(3)H(6)/C(3)H(8) were increased in aged subtropical air, which implies that these alkenes were emitted from the ocean surface. As a result, the reaction of these biogenic alkenes with O(3) was suggested to be a potential source for peroxides in aged marine air at lower latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, South Korea
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Lal S, Sahu LK, Venkataramani S. Impact of transport from the surrounding continental regions on the distributions of ozone and related trace gases over the Bay of Bengal during February 2003. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xiao Y, Jacob DJ, Turquety S. Atmospheric acetylene and its relationship with CO as an indicator of air mass age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertram TH, Perring AE, Wooldridge PJ, Crounse JD, Kwan AJ, Wennberg PO, Scheuer E, Dibb J, Avery M, Sachse G, Vay SA, Crawford JH, McNaughton CS, Clarke A, Pickering KE, Fuelberg H, Huey G, Blake DR, Singh HB, Hall SR, Shetter RE, Fried A, Heikes BG, Cohen RC. Direct Measurements of the Convective Recycling of the Upper Troposphere. Science 2007; 315:816-20. [PMID: 17204609 DOI: 10.1126/science.1134548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We present a statistical representation of the aggregate effects of deep convection on the chemistry and dynamics of the upper troposphere (UT) based on direct aircraft observations of the chemical composition of the UT over the eastern United States and Canada during summer. These measurements provide unique observational constraints on the chemistry occurring downwind of convection and the rate at which air in the UT is recycled. These results provide quantitative measures that can be used to evaluate global climate and chemistry models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Lopez JP, Fridlind AM, Jost HJ, Loewenstein M, Ackerman AS, Campos TL, Weinstock EM, Sayres DS, Smith JB, Pittman JV, Hallar AG, Avallone LM, Davis SM, Herman RL. CO signatures in subtropical convective clouds and anvils during CRYSTAL-FACE: An analysis of convective transport and entrainment using observations and a cloud-resolving model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Chen G. An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes during ITCT 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Gros V, Williams J, Lawrence MG, von Kuhlmann R, van Aardenne J, Atlas E, Chuck A, Edwards DP, Stroud V, Krol M. Tracing the origin and ages of interlaced atmospheric pollution events over the tropical Atlantic Ocean with in situ measurements, satellites, trajectories, emission inventories, and global models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Gros
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - J. Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | | | | | | | - E. Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Chuck
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - D. P. Edwards
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - V. Stroud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Krol
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht Netherlands
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12
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O'Sullivan DW. Long-term and seasonal variations in the levels of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and selected compounds over the Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Notholt J, Kuang Z, Rinsland CP, Toon GC, Rex M, Jones N, Albrecht T, Deckelmann H, Krieg J, Weinzierl C, Bingemer H, Weller R, Schrems O. Enhanced upper tropical tropospheric COS: impact on the stratospheric aerosol layer. Science 2003; 300:307-10. [PMID: 12690193 DOI: 10.1126/science.1080320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is considered to be a major source of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol during periods of volcanic quiescence. We measured COS at the tropical tropopause and find mixing ratios to be 20 to 50% larger than are assumed in models. The enhanced COS levels are correlated with high concentrations of biomass-burning pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The analysis of backward trajectories and global maps of fire statistics suggest that biomass-burning emissions transported upward by deep convection are the source of the enhanced COS in the upper tropical troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Notholt
- University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
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15
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Vay SA. Influence of regional-scale anthropogenic emissions on CO2distributions over the western North Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Blake NJ. NMHCs and halocarbons in Asian continental outflow during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) Field Campaign: Comparison With PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Tu FH. Dynamics and transport of sulfur dioxide over the Yellow Sea during TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Russo RS. Chemical composition of Asian continental outflow over the western Pacific: Results from Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Bartlett KB. Large-scale distribution of CH4in the western North Pacific: Sources and transport from the Asian continent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Simpson IJ. Photochemical production and evolution of selected C2–C5alkyl nitrates in tropospheric air influenced by Asian outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Miyazaki Y, Kita K, Kondo Y, Koike M, Ko M, Hu W, Kawakami S, Blake DR, Ogawa T. Springtime photochemical ozone production observed in the upper troposphere over east Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Zahn A, Brenninkmeijer CAM, Asman WAH, Crutzen PJ, Heinrich G, Fischer H, Cuijpers JWM, van Velthoven PFJ. Budgets of O3and CO in the upper troposphere: CARIBIC passenger aircraft results 1997-2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zahn
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | | | - W. A. H. Asman
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - P. J. Crutzen
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - G. Heinrich
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - H. Fischer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - J. W. M. Cuijpers
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI); De Bilt Netherlands
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Rinsland CP. Multiyear infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of HCN, CO, C2H6, and C2H2tropospheric columns above Lauder, New Zealand (45°S latitude). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Fischer H. Synoptic tracer gradients in the upper troposphere over central Canada during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Experiments by Aircraft Measurements 1998 summer campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mühle J. Air mass classification during the INDOEX R/VRonald Browncruise using measurements of nonmethane hydrocarbons, CH4, CO2, CO,14CO, and δ18O(CO). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Maloney JC, Fuelberg HE, Avery MA, Crawford JH, Blake DR, Heikes BG, Sachse GW, Sandholm ST, Singh H, Talbot RW. Chemical characteristics of air from different source regions during the second Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Tropics (PEM-Tropics B). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blake NJ, Blake DR, Simpson IJ, Lopez JP, Johnston NAC, Swanson AL, Katzenstein AS, Meinardi S, Sive BC, Colman JJ, Atlas E, Flocke F, Vay SA, Avery MA, Rowland FS. Large-scale latitudinal and vertical distributions of NMHCs and selected halocarbons in the troposphere over the Pacific Ocean during the March-April 1999 Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM-Tropics B). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wang Y, Liu SC, Yu H, Sandholm ST, Chen TY, Blake DR. Influence of convection and biomass burning outflow on tropospheric chemistry over the tropical Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Simpson IJ, Sive BC, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Chen TY, Lopez JP, Anderson BE, Sachse GW, Vay SA, Fuelberg HE, Kondo Y, Thompson AM, Rowland FS. Nonmethane hydrocarbon measurements in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor during the Subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Notholt J, Toon GC, Rinsland CP, Pougatchev NS, Jones NB, Connor BJ, Weller R, Gautrois M, Schrems O. Latitudinal variations of trace gas concentrations in the free troposphere measured by solar absorption spectroscopy during a ship cruise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Pougatchev NS, Sachse GW, Fuelberg HE, Rinsland CP, Chatfield RB, Connors VS, Jones NB, Notholt J, Novelli PC, Reichle HG. Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics carbon monoxide measurements in historical context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Blake NJ, Blake DR, Wingenter OW, Sive BC, Kang CH, Thornton DC, Bandy AR, Atlas E, Flocke F, Harris JM, Rowland FS. Aircraft measurements of the latitudinal, vertical, and seasonal variations of NMHCs, methyl nitrate, methyl halides, and DMS during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Rinsland CP, Goldman A, Murcray FJ, Stephen TM, Pougatchev NS, Fishman J, David SJ, Blatherwick RD, Novelli PC, Jones NB, Connor BJ. Infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of free tropospheric CO, C2H6, and HCN above Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Seasonal variations and evidence for enhanced emissions from the Southeast Asian tropical fires of 1997-1998. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Board AS, Fuelberg HE, Gregory GL, Heikes BG, Schultz MG, Blake DR, Dibb JE, Sandholm ST, Talbot RW. Chemical characteristics of air from differing source regions during the Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics A (PEM-Tropics A). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smyth S, Sandholm S, Shumaker B, Mitch W, Kanvinde A, Bradshaw J, Liu S, McKeen S, Gregory G, Anderson B, Talbot R, Blake D, Rowland S, Browell E, Fenn M, Merrill J, Bachmeier S, Sachse G, Collins J. Characterization of the chemical signatures of air masses observed during the PEM experiments over the western Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blake NJ, Blake DR, Wingenter OW, Sive BC, McKenzie LM, Lopez JP, Simpson IJ, Fuelberg HE, Sachse GW, Anderson BE, Gregory GL, Carroll MA, Albercook GM, Rowland FS. Influence of southern hemispheric biomass burning on midtropospheric distributions of nonmethane hydrocarbons and selected halocarbons over the remote South Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Sullivan DW, Heikes BG, Lee M, Chang W, Gregory GL, Blake DR, Sachse GW. Distribution of hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide over the Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rinsland CP, Jones NB, Connor BJ, Logan JA, Pougatchev NS, Goldman A, Murcray FJ, Stephen TM, Pine AS, Zander R, Mahieu E, Demoulin P. Northern and southern hemisphere ground-based infrared spectroscopic measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide and ethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Singh HB, Viezee W, Chen Y, Thakur AN, Kondo Y, Talbot RW, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Bradshaw JD, Wang Y, Jacob DJ. Latitudinal distribution of reactive nitrogen in the free troposphere over the Pacific Ocean in late winter/early spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bradshaw J, Sandholm S, Talbot R. An update on reactive odd-nitrogen measurements made during recent NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment programs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Talbot RW, Dibb JE, Lefer BL, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Sachse GW, Collins JE, Heikes BG, Merrill JT, Gregory GL, Anderson BE, Singh HB, Thornton DC, Bandy AR, Pueschel RF. Chemical characteristics of continental outflow from Asia to the troposphere over the western Pacific Ocean during February-March 1994: Results from PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Blake NJ, Blake DR, Chen TY, Collins JE, Sachse GW, Anderson BE, Rowland FS. Distribution and seasonality of selected hydrocarbons and halocarbons over the western Pacific basin during PEM-West A and PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thornton DC, Bandy AR, Blomquist BW, Talbot RW, Dibb JE. Transport of sulfur dioxide from the Asian Pacific Rim to the North Pacific troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ridley BA, Atlas EL, Walega JG, Kok GL, Staffelbach TA, Greenberg JP, Grahek FE, Hess PG, Montzka DD. Aircraft measurements made during the spring maximum of ozone over Hawaii: Peroxides, CO, O3, NOy, condensation nuclei, selected hydrocarbons, halocarbons, and alkyl nitrates between 0.5 and 9 km altitude. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smyth SB, Sandholm ST, Bradshaw JD, Talbot RW, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Rowland FS, Singh HB, Gregory GL, Anderson BE, Sachse GW, Collins JE, Bachmeier AS. Factors influencing the upper free tropospheric distribution of reactive nitrogen over the South Atlantic during the TRACE A experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fuelberg HE, Loring RO, Watson MV, Sinha MC, Pickering KE, Thompson AM, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Schoeberl MR. TRACE A trajectory intercomparison: 2. Isentropic and kinematic methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Buhr MP, Hsu KJ, Liu CM, Liu R, Wei L, Liu YC, Kuo YS. Trace gas measurements and air mass classification from a ground station in Taiwan during the PEM-West A experiment (1991). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thornton DC, Bandy AR, Blomquist BW, Davis DD, Talbot RW. Sulfur dioxide as a source of condensation nuclei in the upper troposphere of the Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoell JM, Davis DD, Liu SC, Newell R, Shipham M, Akimoto H, McNeal RJ, Bendura RJ, Drewry JW. Pacific Exploratory Mission-West A (PEM-West A): September-October 1991. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Liu SC, McKeen SA, Hsie EY, Lin X, Kelly KK, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Browell EV, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Bandy AR, Thornton DC, Blake DR, Rowland FS, Newell R, Heikes BG, Singh H, Talbot RW. Model study of tropospheric trace species distributions during PEM-West A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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